063
., , -
~..~ Vnlage of Croton-an-Hudson, New York
Mayor
ROBERT W. ELLIOTT
a~
D(O -~
Stanley H. KeJ/erhouse Municipal Building
One Van Wyck Street
Croton-an-Hudson,
NY 10520
Trustees
GEORGIANNA K. GRANT
R JAMES HARKINS
. r:-C r:- DEBORAH Y. McCARTHY
eel v~. WATKINS JT.
n er-Clerk
DEe 2 ARD E HERBEK
J 2000 Treasurer-Deputy Village Clerk
SUPER ROBERT T. REARDON
TOWN 6/S0R'S OFF/C .Attorney
F WAPPINGERE SEYMOUR M. WALDMAN
Engineer
KARY IOANNOU, P.E.
271-4783
(914) 271-4781-2
FAX (914) 271-2836
HON CONSTANCE SMITH
TOWN OF W APPINGERS SUPERVISOR
20 MIDDLEBUSH ROAD
WAPPINGER FALLS NY 12590
Dear Supervisor Smith:
Your past commitment to the "RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF EPA's REASSESSMENT OF
PCBs IN THE HUDSON RIVER AND THE EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL REMEDIAL
ACTIONS" was greatly appreciated. Previously, in 1997, 37 communities supported this
resolution. Now as the Environmental Protections Agency's (EP A) proposed clean up has been
released, your continued support is critical.
In December, the EP A released the Feasibility Study/Proposed Plan for the Hudson River PCBs
Superfund Site. This report addresses the issue of remediation of PCB-contaminated sediment for
the 'hot spots' in the upper Hudson River. The public has at least 60 days to comment on this
study. The EP A is currently scheduled to issue its final Record of Decision (ROD) for the
cleanup in June 2001.
As you may be aware, some communities along the upper Hudson have passed resolutions
opposing "dredging and dumping" along the upper Hudson. The EP A has recently announced
that PCB contaminated sediment will not be landfilled in the Hudson Valley. We do not
advocate dumping in the upper Hudson Valley but we do believe PCB-contaminated sediment
must be safely removed from the upper Hudson. It is imperative that we communicate to EP A
that there is support along the Hudson for a PCB cleanup. 200 miles of this great River have
been, and continue to be affected by PCBs.
The EP A, after ten years of an exhaustive Reassessment of the Hudson River PCBs site, has
arrived at several incontrovertible conclusions that demonstrate the alarming extent to which
upriver PCBs remain a major threat to human health and the environment.
Among the conclusions:
=> The contaminated sediments in the Upper Hudson are the primary source of PCBs to the
ecosystem;
=> PCB-contaminated sediments are not being buried and are bioavailable;
=> PCBs in fish throughout the river and estuary will remain at unacceptable levels into the
foreseeable future.
(over)
1
. r_
...' .
.
. '"
PCB-contaminated sediments in the upper Hudson River need to be removed for the benefit of
the entire River valley, its ecosystem, the health of its residents, and the continued vitality of the
region's economy.
Enclosed is an updated version of the 1997 "RESOLUTION", Please pass this resolution as soon
as possible and submit a copy to the individuals on the enclosed list. Also please forward a copy
to your district congressional representative, Senators Schumer and Senator-elect Clinton. Please
send me a copy as well.
Hudson Valley communities can positively effect the outcome ofEPA's decision by expressing
support for the cleanup. Thank you in advance for your continued support of this important
resolution. Please contact me at (914) 271-4848 if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
f~ d! {'~
Bob Elliott
2
. ,
'- .
Alison Hess/Doug Tomchuk
Hudson River PCBs Public Comment
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
290 Broadway, 19th Floor
New York, NY 10007-1866
John Cahill, Commissioner
NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany,NY 12233
Honorable Robert W. Elliott
Village of Croton-on-Hudson
Municipal Building
One Van Wyck Street
Croton, NY 10520
Scenic Hudson
9 Vassar Street
Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
Attention: Donnal Lenhart
Hudson River Sloop Clearwater
112 Little Market Street
Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
Attention: Manna Jo Greene
Your Congressional Representative
Senator Charles Schumer
Hart 313
Senate Office Building
Washington, DC 20510-3203
Senate Elect Hillary Clinton
US Senate Post Office Building
Washington, DC 20510-3204
3
Facts About Dredging Hudson River PCBs
· Croton-on-Hudson was the site of a PCB clean up in the mid-1990's. Approximately 18.5
million pounds of PCB contaminated sediment were removed from a lagoon along the river.
Once this impediment to development was eliminated the local economy improved and
property values increased. The area now enjoys a cleaner environment and health risks have
been significantly reduced.
· The Hudson River is not "cleaning itself' of PCBs. Scientific studies have shown that less
than 10% of PCB mass has been reduced by dechlorination over the past 20 years, and that
PCB's are most often in the top nine inches of sediment. Five hundred pounds of PCBs flow
over the Federal Dam in Troy each year and disperse downriver.
· PCBs remain an unacceptable health risk for residents and wildlife in the Hudson Valley.
PCBs are designated as' probable carcinogens and are known to cause neurological,
reproductive, and endocrine problems. In Croton, as along the entire length of the river,
subsistence fishermen and their families continue to eat their catch, despite health advisories.
· Modem environmental dredging techniques can remove contaminated sediment by hydraulic
suction. Equipment, such as the cutterhead dredge and the eddy pump, is designed to prevent
resuspension of contaminated sediments. These operations should be clearly distinguished
from the less contained methods used for navigation and construction and have been
successful in environmental clean-ups throughout the country.
· EP A's plan calls for cleaning up targeted "hotspots" in the Upper Hudson. The work will be
completed in five years from the start of the project. The river will remain open to the public
and to boating, except in the immediate area of dredging. Towns that use the river for their
drinking water will be able to continue to do so, and strict monitoring will be in place.
· Contaminated sediment will be dewatered, stabilized, and shipped by rail to licensed
hazardous landfills outside the Hudson Valley. Two dewatering facilities will process
sediment. These require 15 acres each and will be sited on existing commercial properties.
All operations will be completely enclosed, and no farmland will be used for landfill or
processing. .
· Remediation will create important economic opportumtIes. The estimated $460 million
dollar investment will significantly strengthen the local economy and create local jobs. Once
PCBs are removed from the upper layers of sediment, the river will be safe to dredge for
navigational purposes. The EP A dredging itself will improve navigational access. Within a
few years after the clean up is complete, commercial and recreational fisheries will be
restored. Trade and tourism in the region will also be enhanced as a result of the clean up.
· Governor Pataki recently endorsed environmental dredging to clean up PCBs in the river.
The EPA's Reassessment of PCB's in the Hudson has bipartisan support in the Hudson
Valley Congressional Delegation. Sixteen House of Representatives members, as well as
Senators Moynihan and Schumer, have signed a letter of support.
. .
RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF EPA'S
REASSESSMENT OF PCBs IN THE HUDSON RIVER AND
THE EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL REMEDIAL ACTIONS
WHEREAS, the health and beauty of the Hudson River is critical to the economic vitality of our
community and the Hudson River is a treasure asset; and
WHEREAS, the Hudson River has been designated an American Heritage River, and the Valley as a
National Heritage Area; and
WHEREAS, nearly 200 miles of the Hudson River ~ from Hudson Falls to New York City - are a federal
Superfund site due to the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination; and
WHEREAS, PCBs are the most significant contaminant limiting full use and enjoyment of the Hudson
River; and
WHEREAS, PCBs were banned in 1976 because of a variety of known and suspected impacts on
humans and wildlife; and
WHEREAS, PCBs remain in the Hudson River exposing hU1}1anS and wildlife to their effects; and
WHEREAS, an estimated $40 million annually has been lost over the last twenty years because of the
closure of Hudson River commercial fisheries and restrictions on recreationally caught fish. As a result,
the Hudson Valley has lost an important cultural heritage and way of life and the economic vitality of the
Hudson River region continues to be hampered by the limitations on recreational use of the River and the
stigma of PCB contamination; and
WHEREAS, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund officials determined in February
1997 that PCB "hot spots" in the sediment of the upper Hudson are the "dominant source" of PCB
contamination to the River, and that microbial breakdown will not rid the River of PCBs; and
WHEREAS, the.EP A's Hudson River Reassessment has determined that without remediation, present
levels of contamination will continue indefinitely; and
-~
!
THEREFORE BE IT RESOL "ED, that the (name of city/town) hereby expresses support for
the findings of the proposed remediation plan in the Hudson River Reassessment being conducted by the
U. S. EPA under the Superfund, and urges EPA to complete the Reassessment and issue a Record of
Decision (ROD) without delay, including the evaluation and timely implementation of remedial actions,
which include environmental dredging, that can most effectively restore the Hudson River, as well as the
evaluation of traditional disposal methods as well as innovative technologies that can be used to destroy
PCBs. Further, the (nam~o'rcity/town) urges that the U. S. EPA fully consider public opinion and
complete the Hudson River Reassessment as expeditiously as possible.
01/23/2001 14:05 9144547 53
CLEARWATER
PAGE 01
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Hudson Riye Sloop
CLEARWA ER, Inc.
112 Little Market St., Pqug epsie, NY 12601-4095
845,.4S4~ 7673 . Fax: 845~4S4-7953
. e-mail: office@mail. earwater.org
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CLEARWATER
PAGE 132
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fJease submit copies of the resolution to:
i '
Alison Hess/Doq,g Tomchuk
I Hudson River PCBs Public Commel',lt
i u.s. Environmental Protection Agency
I .
, 290 Broadway, 19th Floor '
New York, NY 10007-1866
(.~
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:;' i JOM Cahill, Oommissioner .
i.'.~, ' ., NYS Department ofEnviro. Conservation
: ~! 50 Wolf Road ,
Albany, NY 12233
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Honorable Robert W. Elliott
Village of Cro~on:,on.Hudson
Municipal Building
One Van Wyck Street
Croton, NY 10520
Hudson River Sloop Clearwater. Irie.
112 Little M;u-ket Street
Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
Attention: Will Solomon
Scenic Hudson
9 V ass~ Street
Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
Attention: Donna Lenhart
Congressional Representative
Senator Charles Schumer
Hart 313
Senate Office Building
Washington, pC 20510.3203
Senator Hillary Clinton
US Senate Post Office Building
Washington, DC 20510-3204
1
THE PLA TTSBURGH PCB CLEANUP
Works."
"Dredging
by Jim Gordon
Ihe completion of a PCB
dredging project along
Lake Champlain in
Plattsburgh, NY, has demon-
strated that PCBs can be safely
dredged from the Hudson River.
Along the Lake Champlain
shoreline waterfront homes were
undisturbed, swimming beaches
and motels stayed open during
the three-year process, and
former skeptics of dredging are
now praising the operation.
"I was not in favor of it
initially. I was concerned about
stirring stuff up. It did not make a
lot of sense to me," said Dr. Djell
Dahlen, an eye surgeon whose
expensive home is immediately
adjacent to the 34-acre beachfront
site on Cumberland Bay. "But as
an immediate neighbor, it has not
bothered me a tiny bit."
"Ducks sat on the dredge
while the dredge was running,"
said Bill Ebert, site supervisor for
project engineer Earth Tech Inc.
The site is near city and state
beaches, as well as motels. "The
beaches stayed open. The motels
were open. Everything went on
normally:' he said. The dredging
operation continued 24 hours a
day, but received no complaints,
Ebert said. "Sometimes people on
their patios in the motel would
wave at you."
The PCB cleanup in Lake
Champlain encompassed many
of the same challenges a dredg-
ing operation in the Hudson
would entail, yet was completed
on time, under budget, with no
stirring up of contaminants. The
operation removed 25,000
pounds of pure PCBs, reducing
on-site contamination by more
than 90 percent, while earning
praise from neighbors.
That success would be easy to
duplicate on the Hudson River,
according to the project engineers
who oversaw the dredging in
Plattsburgh. "The technology is
there to do it right, you just ha\'e
to set it up and control it:' said
Lech Dolata, an engineer with the
state Department of Environmen-
tal Conservation. "The bottom
line is, dredging works."
Dolata showed
a simple yet
effective dredging
method for
removing PCB-
],1clcn sludge. A
notably small
dredge vessel,
about 20 feet long,
is positioned
using global
positioning
satellite (GPS)
links direct! y
along the desired
line, and the
opera tion pro-
ceeds in grids
using cables
draped along the desired course
to move the dredge. The operation
is so smooth, wildlife and
neighbors barely notice.
Beneath the surface, an eight-
foot-wide roto-tiller-like device
breaks up the sediment and
forces it inward, where a vacuum
pipe sucks it into a co\'ered
container onshore. Silk curtains
and other barriers under water
keep any turbidity enclosed, but
in Plattsburgh there were was
little stirring up of solids in any
case.
Georgia Pacific corporation
operates an intake \'alve within
fifty feet of one dredging site, and
required water clarity with no
NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2000
more then 2 parts per billion of
suspende.d particles. Ebert said
dredge opera tors tested con-
stantly, but always kept within
the tight requirements, and the
valve was able to remain open
throughout the dredging process.
Once ashore, the sediment
was dewate.i:ed to reduce its
weight, and tested for toxicity.
Hazardous sediment from
Plattsburgh was sent to Buffalo
for burning, while less-contami-
nated sediment
was trucked to a
landfill in Quebec.
The water was
treated and
returned to Lake
Champlain. Tests
showed that it was
clean enough to
rank as drinking
water.
General Electric,
the company
responsible for the
PCB contamina-
tion that makes the
Hudson a federal
Superfund site,
claims dredging
would disrupt the river ecosys-
tem and dry up the local
economy. GE is currently spend-
ing millions of dollars a week on
television ads depicting huge
mud-dripping clamshell dredges.
Bu t according to EP A and DEC
officials, clamshells are naviga-
tional, not environmental
dredges, and are not under
consideration for cleaning the
poison GE dumped in the river.
Under federal law, the multina-
tional giant is responsible for
removing the toxin, a cost GE
does not want to pay.
\Vhile General Electric
dumped one million pounds or
more of PCBs into the river, it is
not all in one place, but spread
over about 40 "hotspots" in the
river between Glens Falls and
Albany. The toxin migrates from
those areas, getting into the food
chain, the water column, mud
along the shore, and the air.
Dredging equipment would be
scaled to the size requirements of
each hot spot. The equipment for
dewatering sediment and
cleansing the water can be
trucked in and out of sites where
it is needed, duplicating the
technique used in Pia ttsburgh.
No permanent treatment facilities
would be required.
The USEP A is poised to
announce a decision this Decem-
ber regarding its remedies for the
PCBs contamination that has
turned the Hudson River into
America's largest non-govern-
ment toxic waste site.
The Cumberland Bay in
Plattsburgh within Lake
Champlain was a state Class
Two Superfund site, posing
imminent danger to human
health and the em'ironment. PCB
concentrations averaged 2000
parts per million. 50 ppm
concentration is officially deemed
hazardous. The PCB cleanup on
Lake Champlain reduced
concentrations to an average of
10 ppm.
The site encompassed some
eight acres of wetlands and 50
acres of lmderwater lake bottom,
where PCBs had accumulated.
As the work finishes and equip-
ment is removed, Plattsburgh is
deciding whether the site will be
a boat ramp, or perhaps a park.
Dr. Dahlen, who has gone
pleasure boating with workers
from the dredging operation,
laughingly said he preferred a
park to a boa tramp, bu t added
either was preferable to a hazard-
ous waste site. .
CLEARWATER NAVIGATOR 3
The PCB deanup in
lake Champlain
~en~()(11p~~/I!1~nY/<3!;
. of the same .
chaUenges a
dredging operation
in the Hudson
would entail, yet
was completed on
time, under bud-
get, with no stining
up of contaminants.
Jim Gordon is a freelance journalist.
NOVEMB ER/DECEMBER 2000
HUDSON RIVER SLOOP
CLEARWATER,INC
FACTS ABOUT DREDGING HUDSON RIVER PCBs
. The Hudson River is not "cleaning itself' of PCBs. Scientific studies have shown that less
than 10% of PCB mass has been reduced by dechlorination over the past 20 years, and that
PCB's are most often in the top nine inches of sediment. Five hundred pounds of PCBs flow
over the Federal Dam in Troy each year and disperse downriver.
. PCBs remain an unacceptable health risk for residents and wildlife in the Hudson Valley.
PCBs are designated as probable carcinogens and are known to cause neurological,
reproductive, and endocrine problems. Along the entire length of the river, subsistence
fishermen and their families continue to eat their catch, despite health advisories.
. Modem environmental dredging techniques can safely remove contaminated sediment by
hydraulic suction. Equipment, such as the cutterhead dredge and the eddy pump, is designed
to prevent resuspension of contaminated sediments. These operations should be clearly
distinguished from the less contained methods used for navigation and construction and have
been successful in environmental clean-ups throughout the country.
. EPA's plan calls for cleaning up targeted "hotspots" in the Upper Hudson. The work will be
completed in five years from the start of the project. The river will remain open to the public
and to boating, except in the immediate area of dredging. Towns that use the river for their
drinking water will be able to continue to do so, and strict monitoring will be in place.
. Contaminated sediment will be dewatered, stabilized, and shipped by rail to licensed
hazardous landfills outside the Hudson Valley. Two dewatering facilities will process
sediment. These require 15 acres each and will be sited on existing commercial properties.
All operations will be completely enclosed, and no farmland will be used for landfill or
processmg.
. The successful completion of a PCB dredging project along Lake Champlain in Plattsburgh,
NY has demonstrated the effectiveness of environmental dredging. The three year process
removed 25,000 pounds of PCBs, reducing on-site contamination by 90%. Waterfront homes
along the shoreline we're undisturbed, and swimming beaches and motels stayed open during
the process. A Georgia Pacific intake valve, which required water clarity with no more than
2 parts per billion of suspended particles, remained open throughout the dredging.
(over)
112 LmLE MARKET STREET, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY12601 . 845-454-7673 . FAX 845-454-7953 . EMAIL: OFFICE@MAIL.CLEARWATER.ORG . WWW.CLEARWATER.ORG
. Remediation will create important economic opportunities. The estimated $460 milliondollar
investment will significantly strengthen the local economy and create local jobs. Once PCBs
are removed from the upper layers of sediment, the river will be safe to dredge for
navigational purposes. The EP A dredging itself will improve navigational access. Within a
few years after the clean up is complete, commercial. and recreational fisheries will be
restored. Trade and tourism in the region will also be enhanced as a result of the clean up.
. Governor Pataki has endorsed "active remediation" of PCBs in the river. The EP A's
Reassessment of PCB's in the Hudson has bipartisan support in the Hudson Valley
Congressional Delegation. Sixteen House of Representatives members, as well as Senators
Moynihan and Schumer, have signed a letter of support.
Written comments on EPA's Proposed PCB Remediation Plan for the Upper Hudson River
will be accepted until April 17. 2001 and may be sent to:
Alison Hess and Doug Tomchuk
Hudson River PCBs Public Comment
US Environmental Protection Agency
290 Broadway, 19th Floor
New York, NY 10007-1866
Or visit our website to create a custom e-mail letter to EP A:
www.clearwater.org/epa
Please make your voice heard at the upcomin2 EPA Public Meetin2s:
January 31,2001 at 7:00 p.m.
Nelly Goletti Theater at the Student Center, 3rd Floor
Marist College, 3399 North Rd., Poughkeepsie, NY
The Tishman Auditorium, The New School for Social Research
66 West 12th Street, New York City
Albany Marriot, Wolf Road, Albany, NY
Hudson Falls High School, 80 E. LeBarge St.
Hudson Falls, NY
January 23,2001 at 7:00 p.m.
February 6,2001 at 7:00 p.m.
February 7,2001 at 7:00 p.m.
For further information please contact:
Hudson River Sloop Clearwater
Manna Jo Greene, Environmental Action Director
112 Market Street
Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
(845) 454-7673
mannaj o@mail.c1earwater.org
Printed on Recycled Paper
HUDSON RIVER SLOOP
CLEARW A TER,INC
ENVIRONMENT AL DREDGING FACT SHEET
Navigation and Construction Dredging: This technology is used to remove accumulated
sediment and debris from waterway channels in order to improve navigation and also used for
construction projects. Large open clamshell dredges fall into this category. These dredges are
NOT used for cleaning up toxic materials like PCBs, as GE has portrayed in its intentionally
misleading, multimillion dollar advertising "blitz."
Environmental Dredging: Environmental dredging is used to remove contamination from
targeted areas. This technology is very precise and is designed to minimize resuspension of
small sediment particles that may be contaminated with PCBs, heavy metals, or other toxic
materials. This process is much more controlled than navigational dredging, using technologies
like the hydraulic dredge, which functions like a large vacuum cleaner to remove contaminated
sediments with strong suction pumps.
Examples of hydraulic dredges include the cutterhead and the eddy pump. Most hydraulic
dredges have a cutting head to dislodge the contaminated sediment which is immediately
suctioned into a pipe. This diluted sediment, or "slurry," is pumped through a flexible, floating
pipe to a covered floating barge, or directly to an on-land dewatering facility, where the sediment
is allowed to settle out of the water. PCBs will then be separated from the water by a multi-stage
sand and carbon filter system. The purified water is released back into the river cleaner than the
river water itself.
The sediment that accumulates at the bottom of the settling basin is removed, dried, and
immobilized with cement-kiln dust. In this case, it will be shipped by rail out of the Hudson
Valley to a landfill that has been built to specifications outlined in the Toxic Substances Control
Act, likely near Buffalo, NY. Some of the "hotter" sediments may be treated to remove and
destroy PCBs before shipment. These processes must occur in an enclosed environment to
prevent volatilization of PCBs.
Environmental dredges are often fitted with GPS, video and/or sonar equipment to monitor the
process. During hydraulic dredging the river remains clear enough to allow underwater cameras
to guide the operations. Multiple water testing sites are set up in the vicinity of dredging so that
if a problem should arise, it will be immediately detected and the operation can be quickly shut
down. Safety precautions include silt curtains, which are used to surround the work area to
contain any loose sediment. (over)
112 LmLE MARKET STREET, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY12601 . 845-454-7673 . FAX 845-454-7953 . EMAIL: OFFICE@MAIL.CLEARWATER.ORG . WWW.CLEARWATER.ORG
There is nothing new, untried, or experimental about environmental dredging. Environmental
dredges are proven effective. The EP A and state environmental agencies have used this
technology at many sites around the country. One recent success story occurred in Cumberland
Bay, part of Lake Champlain near Plattsburgh, NY.
In a cleanup ordered by the NYS DEC, one small dredge boat removed sediment containing
25,000 pounds of PCBs over the course of three summers. Two nearby swimming beaches
remained open and a paper mill process-water intake limited to 2 ppb (parts per billion) sediment
content remained open despite being within 50 feet of the dredging operation. Property values in
Plattsburgh are reported to be rising. Waterfront property owners observed ducks resting on the
dredge vessel.
We expect the Hudson River to be another success story. The river will remain open for
swimming and navigation during the cleanup, except in the immediate area of dredging. The
removal of PCBs from the Upper Hudson River will substantially reduce health risks from PCBs
and have a positive impact on the economy, by improving river commerce and tourism.
Please visit Clearwater's website for diagrams and photographs of environmental dredges:
www.clearwater.org
Additional diagrams and photographs and a current report on dredging technologies are available
on the Scenic Hudson website at www.scenichudson.org. Descriptions of environmental
dredging are available on EP A's website at www.epa.gov/hudson.
Printed on Recycled, Non-Chlorine Paper