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The Birth and Growth of an Old Village 'THE BIRTH AND GROWTH OF AN OLD VILLAGE" WAPPINGERS FALLS, N.Y., 1707-1977 by EDGAR A. POPPER HISTORIAN AND COMPILER Resident and Businessman.ofthe Village 1895-1980 ""''::~, ""1 ">; '. j l j ../ - -.--- "~"~~ IN MEMORY OF ELAINE DEDERER ODELL WHO SPENT ENDLESS HOURS, HELPED BY HER FRIENDS, TO BRING THIS BOOK TO PRINT- ABLE CONDITION. SHE PASSED AWAY BEFORE FINAL EDITING AND PUBLISHING OF HER UNCLE'S BOOK THIS DOCUMENT IS DONATED IN HER NAME TO THE W APPINGERS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. JULY, 1990 KENNETH C. ODELL 26 G~~I~ELL LlBfARY WAPPINGERS , i" '-ITR,EET . ,>t. ^J Y ".1""'" , ., , . -" ..') . J ._-...."',;.'1.) ,,"'j b:l a ,,; ~ ~ ~ ... ~ f;: ~ "0 o a ~ ;:s """ ~ ~ ~ "'0 "'0 ...... Z Cl m ::0 co ~ r-" ~ (f) ~ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In completing the history of the Village ofWappingers Falls, I wish to acknowledge with thanks those persons who helped me in any manner in compiling this information. I would also like to thank my typist, Mrs. Rita J. O'Leary, for her work in translating several hundred pages of my handwriting of history and dates and typing them into legible and readable form. I have endeavored throughout to write the history as completely and accurately as possible, relying on the dates and information taken from old maps, newspapers, pamphlets and clippings written by others in the past century and augmented by my own records and memory of the present century. 1977 Edgar A Popper The year 1991 marks the 250th anniversary of our own pre-Revolutionary Mesier Homestead. Situated on a grassy knoll in the center of Wappingers Falls, the Homestead looks out over the Village whose growth and development Edgar Popper has herein recounted. It seems most appropriate that, with the publication of this history, we salute our prized Homestead which, since 1741, has been a silent witness to an these events happening around it. In publishing this work, we have chosen to minimize editing and to present the story in the original form, just as Edgar Popper, our business man turned.historian, wrote it. The Wappingers Historical Society gratefully acknowledges its indebtedness to Edgar Popper, Mrs. Marie Popper, and Elaine and Kenneth Odell for the gift ofthis manuscript, and also to the following who generously helped us finance the publication. International Business Machines Gannett Foundation Central Hudson Gas and Electric Rotary Club ofWappingers Falls Drs. Gordon and Winona Brannan Elmer Carlson Mildred E. CoIter Hank and Dolores DiMarco Frances Drace Newton and Helen Erickson J. Leslie and Winifred Hadden James and Catherine Lyons John and Mildred Milkovich Paul and Elizabeth Nedwell Ann Peragino Frances Reese Josephine Riley Doris C. Simons John P. Simons Ethel Popper Sorensen Donald and Janet Springer Bob and Betty Strang Daniel and Elizabeth Takacs Gerald and Mary Trabucco Wappingers Business and Professional Association 1991 Catherine O. Lyons, President Wappingers Historical Society Artwork of the Village Seal by Elizabeth Lyons Stroter. .~" PREFACE THE BmTH AND GROWTH OF AN OLD VILLAGE In my latter and retired years, I have often felt that I would like to write and relate a history ofthe Village ofWappingers Falls in Dutchess County, New York. Born in the old homestead located on lower Market Street which was directly across the street from the Falls and Creek Gorge and the old Garner Print Works, near the beginning of the Twentieth Century, I have always been interested in the beauty and op~rations ofthis location. Also, the parks, library, factories, churches and other noteworthy buildings which very few other Villages possess. *** In a total of sixty-seven business years in the Village, it has given me a further insight and connection with the people, residences, businesses and manufacturing in and around the Village. With this information, memory, old maps and pictures, some dating back to 1800, newspaper clippings, and historical records in my possession, and some information compiled and written in the old Wappingers Chronicle by the Historian, Clinton W; Clapp, who was the son of Benjamin Clapp, one of the early settlers of the Village, I feel prepared to proceed with a further history of the Village ofWappingers Falls to the present time. This history of the Village would not be complete unless the names of the men and women who contributed so much of their time and efforts in the past were mentioned. I will endeavor to cover each subject in several chapters such as the birth of the Village, the pioneers and early settlers along with the bridges, factories, fire departments, utilities, roads and streets, recreation, the churches and several chapters on the Dutchess Print Works and its successors. This complex started in 1832 and closed in 1955, a period of 123 years, contributing so much to the growth, prosperity and employment in the Village. Without it we may not have had the Village as it is today. ~ '." TABLE OF CONTENTS The Rombout Patent and Birth of the Village .........................................................1 First Settlers - The Brewer Families ........................................................................1 First Land Owners. ....................... ..... ........... .............................................................3 Mesier Family ..... .............. ...... ....... .................... ...... ..................................................4 Thomas Goelet Family ............ .........................................~........... ...... ........ .......... ......5 Benjamin Clapp Family......... .................................. ....... .... ........................ .............. 5 Naming the Village ....................................................................................... ......... .... 7 Creek Bridge . .................. ............ ....... ...... ...... ............ ..................... ...........................8 Early Factories............. .... ........ ................................. ........ ..................... .................... 8 Old Yellow Mill... ............ ........ ........ ............ ..... ..................... ................ ................... 11 Dutchess or Garner Print Works ............................................................................11 Hyper Mill ....... ..... ....................... ..... ........... ............................ ................................. 17 Independent and Brown Comb Companies ............................................................17 Clintondale Mill.............................................. ......... ................................................ 18 Franklindale Manufacturing Co. ............... .................... ............... ........ ........ ......... .19 The Franklin Cotton Factory Fire - October 1885 .................................................21 Eagle Foundry.................... ..... .... ...... ................... ....................................................23 Sweet-Orr and Company Factory ................................... ............... ....................... ..23 Clayton A. Sweet - Founder of the Sweet-Orr Factory ..........................................26 New Gamer Print Works and Bleachery and Former Print Side .........................26 New Dutchess Bleachery ............. ...... ............... ....................................................... 29 B.N. & A. Realty Co. ....... ............................ ........................ ..................................... 34 The Wappingers I..ake ............................................ ............................... ....... ............35 The Wappingers Falls Post Offices ................................ ......................................... 38 The First Gas Manufacturing Plant .......................................................................39 The First Village Water System ............................................................................. 40 The First Filtered Water Supply System ...............................................................41 The First Modem Sewer System ............................................................................42 The First Municipal Electric Lighting Plant..........................................................42 Electric Utility 1910-1960 ................... ........................... ............................ .............44 The First Telegraph Office ..... ...................................................................... ...........47 The Village ~elephone Service ....................................... .......................... ...............47 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.) Village Police Department..... ............... ................ .................. ................................. 65 The Village Schools ..............................~................................................................... 66 The Wappingers Savings Bank ............... ............ ..... .... ............ .................. ........... ... 69 The National Bank of Wappingers Falls ...................................................... ...........70 Zion Episcopal Church ........ ............... ..... ...... ...... .......... ............ ...............................72 The Franklindale Baptist Church ..... ........... ............... ..... .............;.... ......... ............76 The First Presbyterian Church. .......... ..... ....... ......................... ....................... .........77 First Methodist Church..... ............ ........ ....... ............ .................. ................... ........... 79 St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church ........................................... ..............................80 Transportation................. ...................... ..... .......... ......... ............. ...................... ........81 The Wappingers Rural Cemetery..... ....... ..... ........ ......... ......... .................................84 The Residential and Business Growth ofthe New Village ....................................85 Brief Activities of the Incorporated Village ............................................................89 Wappingers Falls Chamber of Commerce ............................................................... 94 Village Physicians ....... .................. ....... ...... ............. ............ ................... ..................95 Village Lawyers........................ ....... ............. ................... ............................... .......... 98 Construction of New Apartments and Shopping Plazas ........................................99 One-Hundredth Anniversary Celebration ofthe Incorporated Village ...............101 Village Social and Civic Clubs ............. .............. ........ .................................. ..........101 Fraternal Lodges in the Village... ............ ..... .............. ......................... .................. 103 Village Veteran Organizations ..... .................. ....................... ............... ................ .104 " ., ~ THE ROMBOUT PATENT AND BIRTH OF THE VILLAGE In order to go back to the beginning ofthe history of the Village ofWappingers Falls, may we go back to the time when the Hudson Valley was first discov- ered by Henry Hudson in 1609. He took possession of this country and land in the name of Holland, as he was employed by the Dutch East India Company. Fur trading expeditions came from Holland to the new land in the following years but no systematic attempt to promote colonization was made until 1628. However, few settlers came to New Nether- lands and the Hudson Valley until 1638 when more liberal benefits were given to emigrants. It was not until 1664 when the English took over the Dutch territory that the white settlers appeared. In 1654, Francis Rombout, a Hugenot, sailed to the new world and landed in New Amsterdam, now New York City. He became a successful merchant and in 1667, he became associated with Gulian Verplanck, a trader. Their similarity of interest, both political and commercial, led the two men to a firm friendship. They finally formed a partnership to secure lands in the Highlands of the Hudson. On February 8, 1682, they received a license from the Governor of N ew York, Thomas Dongan, to pur- chase a tract of land from the Wappinger Indians. This grant ofland was one of the first public acts of the newly appointed Governor and was called the Rombout Paten t. The Rombout Patent embraced about85,000 acres of forest land and included the present towns of Fishkill, East Fishkill, Wappinger, the westerly part of LaGrange and 9,000 acres within the south- ern limits of the Town of Poughkeepsie. For all this land, the Patentees were required to pay to the GQvernor and the Indians an amount of grain and other useful items with a total value of about $1,250. Copies of the Indian and English agreement appear in the deeds to this territory and a map drawn in 1689. In 1707, the heirs of Rombout and Verplanck, consisting of the Brett descendants and Jacobus Kipp, representing the Verplanck heirs, instituted proceedings in Supreme Court to effect a division of the Rombout Patent lands. For the interest of the Verplanck children, Stephanus Van Cortland had been admitted as a co-partner, so the original grant of 85,000 acres was divided among the three part- ners. This immense tract ofland was divided into three long, narrow parcels, each containing a stretch of river front on the West and water privileges on the Wappingers Creek and extending East for about twelve miles. The land now occupied by the Village ofW appingers Falls is in part of Lot No. 1 containing about 28,000 acres on the southern end and con- trolled by the Roger Brett family who built the Brett Homestead in 1709 which still stands in the City of Beacon. This land is located on the east and west sides of the Wappingers Creek along a deep Gorge and Falls which was about in the center of the territory and about two miles from the Hudson River. This land was occupied by a tribe of Indians known as the Wappinger Tribe, who found excellent fishing on the Creek and an abundance of game consisting of bear, wolves, deer, panthers and bea- vers roaming the territory. Entirely speculative is the theory that the Indi- ans came to this land from Tartan in N.E. China, across the Bering Strait and filtered down through the Country, now the United States. There were many Indian Tribes settled around N ew York and the Finger Lakes and in the Hudson Valley. In 1740, Daniel Ninham was made Chief Sachem ofthe Wappinger Tribe and was later killed in battle in 1778 at Cortland Ridge in Westchester County. In 1937, the State of New York erected a stone monument in his memory at the intersection of Routes 52 and 82 in Brinkerhoff, New York. The last tribes of the Wappinger Indians lived in Wiccopee V alley until 1790 when they migrated to Stockbridge, Massachusetts, and later on, to Stockbridge, New York. THE FIRST SETTLERS THE BREWER FAMILIES In 1738, the first of the early settlers were Adolphus Brewer and his brother Nicholas Brewer. These two brothers were millers who came from Holland and brought milling machinery with them. They purchased about seven-hundred, fifty acres of land from William Skinner and his wife, formally Catherine Van Cortland, on October 9, 1741 for a price of 600 lbs. or about $3,000 or less than four dollars per acre. This land is now occupied by the Village of Wappingers Falls - on both sides of the Wappingers Creek at the Falls front. They, no doubt, saw the great possibilities of the Falls for water power available for grist and saw mills which were so important for the new settlers' survival. There being a drop of about fifty feet in the fall of water at the Falls created water power not available in any other location alongthe Creek. The only other power available to operate mills was by horses or 1 ..,'w :.. E w if~I~~r~~7 Copy of an original map surveyed by John H olwell, a surveyor in 1689 of the land purchased from the Wappingers Indians Comprising about 85,000 acres for a total price of about $1,250 and known as the Rombout Patent, by the heirs of Francis Rombout and Gulian Verplanck who had formed a partnership in 1667. This large tract of land was divided with three long narrow strips each containing a part adjacent to the Hudson River on the West and extending to the East about twelve miles. The number one portion of about 28,000 acres was controlled by the Roger Brett family and is where the Village of Wappingers Falls is now located. 2 other animals. After the death of Adolphus, his brother, Nicho- las, became the sole owner and operator. In 1765, the Mill was sold to Cornelius Van Sickelyn and again in 1795, the Mill was sold to Peter Mesier who employed as a miller Cornelius Brown, who was succeeded by millers known as Mr. Kackamyer and Mr. William Hughson. Mr. Hughson was the miller when Benjamin Clapp located here in 1828 and purchased the prop- erty from Peter Mesier. They built a wooden house on land just to the north ofthe present Marine Midland Bank building on Mill Street. This house was tom down about ten years ago for an addition to the Bank and a parking lot. The third building they constructed was a wooden structure located near the junctions of the present Market and East Main Street and in later years, housed the original Grinnell Library. In 1742, Adolphus Brewer was struck and killed by lightning. He was the first white man to be buried in a plot of ground and cemetery which is now located at the rear of the Zion Episcopal Church. Adolphus Brewer left no will and the property was taken over by his daughter, Mrs. Catherine Lawrence, who in turn, signed over her rights to the brother, Nicholas, who became a prime mover in the future of the Village known as Wappinger Creek. He built a house of stone near the northwest comer of the present ruins ofthe old Clinton's mill which was later dismantled for the new Clinton mill built in 1846. In the year 1741, Nicholas Brewer built a small stone and frame house on land which is now Mesier Park and later known as the Mesier Homestead. In a few years, he added a large frame addition on the south side which has not been altered to the present time. This addition became the main part of the house and was constructed over an excavated cellar used; not doubt, for the storage of vegetables and other herbs. On the main floor, it had a large central hall flanked on each side by large living rooms, each equipped with large tile. decorated mantels and fireplaces. Other small rooms connect to the rear and large kitchen and the original house in the rear. A rear stairway leads to the second floor bedrooms with dormer windows. All the floor boards of white pine are very wide - some of which are 16" wide and 1 1/4" thick. Nicholas Brewer also built a two-story frame house at what is now the comer of East Main Street and Market Street and which was later used as the first location of the Grinnell Library. He also constructed a flour mill known as the Red Mill on a high ridge of rock on the East Bank ofthe Creek, now lower Market Street. The Mill was later torn down for the erection of the engraving shop for the Dutchess Print Works. A wooden dam was constructed across the Creek about 700 feet south of the Falls to impound water power which was transferred to the Mill by an open wooden flume constructed along the east side of the gorge along Market Street and mounted on a shelf of rock cut into the vertical surface of the gorge. After the Dutchess Print Works acquired the property, the Red Mill was torn down and the old wooden flume was replaced by a four-foot steel pipe mounted on two masonry piers on the Creek bottom to cross the Creek. This penstock supplied water power to the new buildings constructed by the old Dutchess Print Works. Part of this steel pipe and one of the piers was washed away during a spring freshet in 1902 and was replaced within a few months. It was later dismantled with the dam in 1909 when the property was sold to the new Dutchess Bleachery. Nicholas Brewer also constructed and operated a ship yard on about three acres of land on the East Bank of the lower Wappingers Creek, near where McKinley Street is now located. Nicholas Brewer, as a resident of this new com- munity, contributed much of his ability to it for nearly fifty years. He passed away in 1787. THE FIRST LAND OWNERS In the year 1800, the only landowners who had settled around the Falls were the Brewer Brothers, a Mr. Bates and Peter Mesier who controlled all the land embracing the hamlet ofWappingers Creek. The only road passing through the hamlet was the Albany Post Road which came through Fishkill hamlet from the south; and New York City, crossed the Wappingers Creek on the wooden bridge at the Falls and continued north to Poughkeepsie and Albany. The only other roads, one of which was now Market Street, branched off the Post Road and ran along the east ~ide of the Creek south to the small stream originating behind Hughsonville and later called Harcourts Pond Creek. The second road now known as Givens Avenue also ran south from the Post Road along the west bank ofthe Creek ending where the Bleachery buildings now stand. Erected and operating around the Falls at the time were six saw or grist mills located on both banks of the Falls owned and controlled by the three landowners. 3 There were no roads leading from the hamlet of Wappingers Creek to the Hudson River, now known as New Hamburg, but at that time, known as Wappingers Point. The only road branching south from the Post Road in front of Mesier Homestead was named the StonykiJJ Road passing through what is now HughsonviJJe named from the three Hughson families residing there: namely, W. Hughson, I. Hughson and a second I. Hughson, together with H. Howard and S. Barker. . At that time, the fanners and land owners living in the hamlet of Hopewell east of the Wappingers Creek desired a new road to be built from the Middlebush hamlet to the Hudson River in order to transport their farm products and livestock to Mar- ket by boat to the river towns and New York City. On January 14, 1800, at the request of Mesier, Brewer and Bates, a surveyor was engaged to draw up a map of the proposed road to find the best location for a road to the Hudson River either on the east or the west side of the Creek. Eventually, both roads were constructed to the Hudson River, one on a west bank terminating at the Drake and Bogardus General Store at Wappingers Point and the other running through Hughsonville on the east bank to the Creek tenninating at Drakes Dock on the lower Wappingers Creek where the present draw bridge is now located and also to Crugers Store and Landing Dock several hundred feet south on the Hudson River. The above information was obtained from an old map and survey made in the 1800's, or one-hundred, seventy-seven years ago. THE MESlER FAMILY In 1776, Peter Mesier, a Loyalist, weJJ-to-do tea merchant and native of New York City fled with his family during the Revolutionary War, just before the British soldiers took over New York City, to the vicinity of Fishkill. Mr. Mesier was a descendant of a Huguenot family who fled to America on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 to escape the bitter persecution to which they were subjected in their native France under the reign of Louis XIV. He purchased a tract ofIand ofnearly seven hundred acres on both sides of the Wappingers Creek which now comprised the Village ofWappingers Falls from Nicholas Brewer in 1776 or a few years before Mr. Brewer's death. The purchase included the house now known as the Mesier Homestead and two flour mills, one of which occupied the side of the Clinton Mill and which was later dismantled at the close of the Revolutionary War. Peter Mesier settled down to what he thought would be a peaceful life and opened a small store in the homestead. This, however, was not the case for in May 1777, a number of people who had com- plained of the high price Mr. Mesier was charging them for tea, broke into his home, struck him and raided his cellar. Property that Mesier had in New York City was destroyed by British forces and he never returned to New York City. Peter Mesier was the son of a citizen of New Amsterdam and in 1764, married Catherine Sleight, a daughter of a Dutch family from Esopus. They had a son Matthew Mesier who became a County Judge and later took over the Mesier Homestead after the death of his father in 1806. Matthew Mesier and his wife Joanna had two sons, Henry and Abram Suydam Mesier and two daughters, Johanna and Maria Mesier, all of whom were the last own:ers of the Mesier Homestead. No doubt the Mesier family members were all buried in the old burial grounds and cemetery on the land which they owned and what is now in the rear of the Zion Episcopal Church. According to records taken from a marble monument in this old cemetery, Joanna Mesier, daughter of Joanna Mesier, was born December 27, 1802 and died March 29, 1887, at the age of85. The second daughter, Maria, was born January 16, 1808 and died April 19, 1890, at age 82. On the reverse side of the monument is recorded the death of Matthew Mesier who died September 27, 1858, at age 69 years. Also, his wife Joanna, who died February 28, 1857, at age 73. There are many other names of the early settlers buried in this old burial ground and recordeclin flat gravestones -- many of which are hardly readable- -as follows: JobMassey,died 1817;JohnMcKinnon, died 1815; Michael Brower, died 1850; Sam Bowden, died_;John Forman, died 1848; Nicholas Ganse, died 1866; John Bell, 1832; William Woolsey, 1849; John Reese, 1866; James Stanford, 1847. Also Laura Worden, Lane Inghram and many others on gravestones unreadable from age and weather. Some of the old gravestones and graves were moved and relocated when the Zion Church was built and later when the parish house building was added to the church in the late 1800's. In these pioneering days when the early settlers had to construct houses for shelter, lumber was very plentiful -- cut from the virgin forest and sawed into lumber at the local saw mills powered by the water- falls. Building-stone from local quarries and sand were available within a few miles for masonry con- struction. As there were no known iron ore or ore furnaces available locally for the manufacture ofnaiIs, hard- ware, hinges and other metal products, the early 4 settlers had to travel back and forth to Wiltwyck, which is now Kingston, N.Y., a distance of about fifty miles to procure these metal products. So a black- smith shop was set up in a frame building on Market Street by a blacksmith named Coe. In 1795, this blacksmith shop was acquired by Peter Mesier and later by his son Matthew in 1806. In 1891 the heirs of the Mesier family sold the Mesier Homestead with five acres of land to the Village of Wappingers Falls for $2,500 with the understanding that this parcel of land and building would be forever known as the Mesier Park and Homestead. THOMAS GOELET FAMILY cA'nother prominent family of the early set- tlers of the Village was the Goelet family who also escaped from France because of the persecution against the Protestants. Some reference should be made of Mr. Thomas B. Goelet as he became related . to the Mesier family. He also had two brothers, 'Christopher and BiIIip, who became men ofweaIth and whose descendants became millionaires in New York City. About 1820, Mr. Goelet married Eliza Mesier, the. daughter of Peter Mesier and the sister of Judge Matthew Mesier. She inherited six thousand dollars from her father's estate and in settlement of that claim, in 1820, Judge Matthew Mesier deeded to his daughter, Mrs. Eliza Goelet, 46 acres of land on which they built their residence and 40 acres of land at KIumps Corner. This 40 acres was sold to Cornelius Brewer, who was a millwright and at one time, operated the Mesier flour mill. Before completing their new home, the Goelets lived in the wooden house at the corner of Market and Main Streets later occupied by the original Grinnell Library and which was later destroyed by fire in 1892. This new home of the Goelets was constructed between 1822 and 1824 in the 46 acres ofIand which now divides Upper and Lower Henry Street by Mr. James Pelham. It was 40 feet long and 38 feet wide, constructed of wood siding and hewn oak timbers, two-stories high with a brick masonry lining be- tween the inside and outside walls and with wide board flooring. A barn and coach house was also built near the south end of the house. The Goelet family occupied this house only for a short time when Mr. Goelet died April 1, 1832, at the age of 45 years and was buried in the Christ Church Cemetery in Poughkeepsie, New York. He left a daughter, Elizabeth, about ten years old and a son Billip, about eight years old, both of whom were cared for by Dr. and Mrs. Cornelius Remsen. The son died in 1834 and daughter Elizabeth in 1848, at the age of26. After the death of his wife Eliza, Mr. Goelet returned to New York City for a few years when he died an early victim of Asiatic Cholera which was a scourge of New York City. On September 4, 1852, his son Christopher B. Goelet of New York City conveyed to Mr. Benjamin Clapp the Thomas B. Goelet estate of 46 acres and the residence, for the sum of$8,000. Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Clapp occupied this property until Mr. Clapp's death, which occurred September 19, 1872. THE BENJAMIN CLAPP FAMILY One of the most progressive and industrious men of the first settlers ofthe Village was Benjamin Clapp who, with his wife, first visited the Village in 1828. He was so impressed with the Falls and its great possibilities for water power for mills that he became interested in the Village and purchased 200 acres ofland on both sides ofthe Creek at the Falls from Peter Mesier. Mr. Clapp was born in Norton, Massachusetts on October 31, 1789, the son of Eleazer Clapp of Uxbridge, Massachusetts, who had been a member ofthe First Provincial Congress in 1774. Mr. Clapp, when a youth in his early twenties, established and operated a cotton factory in Lowell, Massachusetts until the War of 1812 ruined the market for cotton goods due to the flood of foreign products. He left Lowell and went to N ew York City in 1816 where he learned cabinet making. In 1827, he established his own cabinet manufacturing business in New York City which he operated u.ntil 1844 together with his new ventures in the Village ofWappingers Creek. When Benjamin Clapp came to Wappingers Creek in 1828 there were several saw and grist mills, seven dwellings and no stores, churches or schools. In 1846, when Mr. Clapp acquired possession of the Yellow Mill from Mesier, this grist mill was torn down and in its place was erected a new four-story masonry building forty feet by fifty feet, called the Clintondale Mill. He operated a wood veneer mill on the first floor and rented the second floor of the mill to the Cook and Low Comb Factory and later, this company took over the third and fourth floors. His business and the Comb Factory business became so large that he constructed an additional masonry building to accommodate them. Again in 1844, at the age of fifty-five years, he sold his New York City business, probably to acquire more funds, and purchased 200 additional acres of 5 . u _ /j land south of the present stone bridge and began construction and operation of the Franklindale Cot- ton Factory. He also built many of the existingframe houses on MilI Street and lower Market Street as housing for his miJI workers. According to the Gazetteer of New York State, published in 1860, the Franklindale Manufactury Company was incorporated with a capital of$150,000. They employed 250 men and women and turned out $150,000 worth of cloth each year. The Civil War began and it was almost impos- sible to get raw cotton to the North. Many of the employees had to be laid off and the MiJI was prac- ticaUy at a standstill. Had he been a younger man, he might have ridden out the War; but he was weU over 70 years old and decided to seIJ out his interest in the Frahklindale Company to the Gamer Print Works Company for $45,000, which wiIl be covered further in another chapter on the Mill. Mr. Clapp built a new store building on lower Market Street that was occupied for many years, until about 1906, by the Dawson Company as a general and grocery store. In a few years, the Wappingers Creek Post Office was also located in this store. Mr. Clapp was one of the three men who orga- nized and built the Zion Episcopal Church in 1833, which wiU be outlined in another chapter. He also contributed the stone from his quarry on Fulton Street for its erection. He also gave the land and built the pipe organ for, the present Franklindale Baptist Church on South Avenue and he bequeathed the sum of$2,500 to the Church Society toward the construction of a parson- age. In 1840, realizing that the water power from the upper Wappingers Creek was not sufficient in the dry season for operating the water wheels of the several MilIs near the FaIls, Mr. Clapp built the first masonry dam across the upper Wappingers Creek near what is now lower High Street to impound the waters to form the Wappingers Lake. It has been a great asset to the ViIIage both for business, pleasure, water supply and fire protection. Before 1830, the ViIIage belonged to the Oak Grove School District. Mr. Clapp felt that many of the children of the ViJIage were not receiving the proper education on account of the long distance they had to travel to school. He therefore built a new school on the East Side of Market Street in 1836 and supplied a teacher at his own expense for one quar- ter. The new school proved so successful for the children that Mr. Clapp succeeded in having a new school district formed in the Village known as Dis- trict No.1, on the West Side, and No.2, on the East Side. On September 4, 1852, Mr. Clapp and his wife, Ruth, purchased from the Thomas B. Goelet Estate, the house and 44 acres of land that now divides upper and lower Henry Street in the Village, for the sum of$8,000. The entrance to the property was by a driveway which entered the estate near what is now South Avenue and Academy Street. The en- trance was flanked by two square granite columns each with a round granite baIl on the top. These two granite columns were later moved to the entrance of Zion's Episcopal Church where they stilI remain. Mr. Benjamin Clapp sold his home and property on Henry Street in 1871 to the Gamer Print Works for the sum of$30,000. The Gamer Company cut up thirty acres of the land to create what is now known as Franklindale Avenue, Clapp Avenue, West Acad- emy Street, Fulton Street and West Henry Street, on which they built new homes to house their e~ploy- ees. The large home was used for many years after the Gamer Company purchase as a residence for the several general managers and superintendents of the Garner Print Works and its successor, the Dutchess Bleachery. Mr. Clapp died the foIlowing year, 1872, at the age of 83 and was buried in the family plot in Wappingers Rural Cemetery. Mr. Benjamin Clapp had a brother, George H. and a son, Clinton W. Clapp. Mr. Clinton W. Clapp built the beautiful Victo- rian home of brick and stone construction, four stories high on a part of the estate on South Avenue which was one ofthe most outstanding homes in the ViJIage. The living rooms contained several large paiRt- ings of the older Village buildings which were painted by Mr. Clinton W. Clapp. These paintings were later restored and given to the GrinneIJ Library by the Clapp Estate, where they are now displayed for viewing. Mr. Clapp built a large pipe organ in the rear living room. This large home was one of the first buildings in the vicinity to have a steam heating system with radiators in each room in each of which the heat could be controIJed by a valve on the steam boiler in the basement. Mr. Clinton W. Clapp was a businessman and historian. He also wrote and published many ar- ticles of historic value about the early Village from his own memory and recorded county records. They were published in the old issues of the Weekly Wappingers Chronicle which was published in the Village in the early 1900's. Mr. Clinton W. Clapp married Miss Charlotte Croze, and they had one son, Irving, who was born May 14, 1894. Irving Clapp married Miss Anna Blythe, the daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Rowland Blythe on June 20, 1917. 6 Large brick home built by Clinton W. Clapp on South Avenue in later part of 19th century. For the past several years it has been made into an apartment house. They in turn had two daughters, Mrs. William E. Rowe and Mrs. Harold Rubin, and one son, Irving H. Clapp, all ofwhom were born and lived in the Clapp Mansion on South Avenue until they were married and moved from the Village. Soon after Irving Clapp's death, the Clapp Mansion was sold and made into four modern apartments. Mr. Irving Clapp was a graduate of River View Military Academy of Poughkeepsie and received an engineering degree from Pratt Institute of Brooklyn, New York and was a Veteran of World War 1. Mr. Clapp was born May 14, 1894, and died June 23, 1961. He was one of the last surviving members of this prominent family who did so much to promote the early growth of the Village. His wife Anna still survives him at this writing. NAMING THE VILLAGE 'I:..e early settlers had adopted the name of Wappingers Creek for their new settlement on both sides of the Wappingers Creek -- adopting the name "Wappingers" from the Wappinger Indians from whom the land was originally purchased under the Rombout Paten t. However, in 1844, when John Givens acquired property on the West side or bank of the Creek and erected several buildings and a school, now known as Givens Avenue and West Main Street, this ham- let was named Ednamville. As the buildings and residences were extended further North, this part of the Village was known as Channingville. The people on the East side ofWappingers Creek favored the name Franklindale from which was named the Franklindale Cotton Mill, Franklindale Avenue, the Franklindale School on Reservoir Place and the Franklindale Baptist Church. In 1849, during Mr. Sweet's term as Postmaster, under President Zachary Taylor's administration, he wrote the President requesting that the name of the Wappingers Creek Post Office be changed to the Wappingers Falls Post Office because the "Falls" were local and the Wappingers Creek extended for about forty miles. The Mesier family also had a great influence with the President to make the 7 , , --<II change. The letter was approved by the President and the Senate, and the name was officially adopted as Wappingers Falls. THE CREEK BRIDGE ~e first settlers around the Falls on both sides of Wappingers Creek had to have some means of travel across the Creek just above the Falls as they had interest in both lumber saw mills and grist mills on each side of the Falls. To afford a crossing for people, horses and wagons, in the late 1700's, an open wooden bridge was constructed across the gorge between the east and west banks. It was supported in the bridge center by vertical wooden supports to the small rock island about in the middle of the Creek. This bridge was also used as the Creek crossing for the Kings Highway, a road between New York City and Albany, also called the Albany Post Road and now known as the Route 9 by-pass. This original bridge was destroyed and carried away by flood waters in February 1819. A new and larger roof-covered bridge with wooden sides con- tainingwindows was immediately built. It was also destroyed and carried away by flood waters in the late 1840's. Both of these early bridges were evi- dently not constructed high enough above normal water flow to contend with flood waters in the spring freshets. -. In 1852, this bridge was replaced by a grey stone masonry bridge with two large arches supported in the center by the small rock island. Both arches were built high enough above normal water to ac- commodate flood waters to the present time. The east arch is wider than the west arch. Thirty-two years later; in 1884, this bridge was widened to sixty feet with the original masonry bridge arches retained in the center. The two new outside walls were constructed with large rectangu- lar, red sand stone blocks extending from he rock fOWtdation to about five feet above the roadway, thereby providing a substantial wall along each sidewalk on the inside of the bridge. On each end on both sides of the bridge, a stone pedestal was built into the inside wall on which was mounted a lighting fixture. The first fixtures were about four feet high on which was mounted a glass lantern which burned illuminating gas and had to be lighted and extin- guished each day. When the municipal electric power plant was erected in 1900, these four bridge fixtures were changed over to use the new electric service. Each fixture was equipped with a large round frosted globe on top instead of the gas lantern. About 1915, these four electric fixtures with the uprigh t ball globes were replaced by a vertical goose- neck pipe fixture from which was suspended a down- ward type fixture with higher candle power lamp and frosted globe. Again, a few years later, the four fixtures were removed from the bridge and the bridge was lighted by two steel pole fixtures -- each about thirty feet high on which was mounted the new high efficiency Mercury Vapor lamp. One pole fixture was at the northeast corner and the other at the southwest corner of the bridge. The bridge had sidewalks paved at first with flagstones and later with concrete on each side of the bridge. The roadway was of dirt and gravel until it was first paved with concrete about 1915. This bridge being constructed of red sand-stone masonry has stood the constant pounding of auto- mobiles and truck traffic and the flood waters all these years. It has never required maintenance such as painting and very little pointing-up of the masonry walls since its construction. About 1914, a concrete tunnel was installed across the top of the two arches of the bridge to carry the water and sewer pipes between the west and east sides of the Village. No other masonry bridge int he State is as large or attractive as this bridge which is hardly noticed by the thousands of people passing over it each day. This stone bridge was the only means of crossing the Wappingers Creek from the Hudson River, which was two miles south to a small bridge to the north at Red Oaks Mill. About 1808, a draw-bridge was erected across the lower Wappingers Creek to afford a crossing be- tween the Hughsonville Road and New Hamburg. This bridge was destroyed by a flood in 1819 and was replaced by a new bridge in 1842. The present bridge is a steel structure mounted on a masonry pier in the middle ofthe lower Wappingers Creek. The bridge is turned in the direction of the Creek to allow the passage of large boats. It is opened and closed by hand by an attendant who lives in the small house adjacent to the bridge on the east shore. THE EARLY FACTORIES 'During the eighteenth and nineteenth centu- ries, several manufacturing plan ts and mills were constructed around the Falls on both sides of the Creek that contributed to the development of the Village ofWappingers Falls. Over the years, these factories drew employees and their families to me Village which in turn established small stores and 8 View of the double arch stone bridge spanning the Wappingers Creek on East Main Street showing part of the Falls, the rear of the Roy Drug Store building established in 1848 and the old hardware store building erected in the 1860's which was remodeled in 1952 by Popper Electric Co. In the front foreground are the remains of the Franklindale Manufacturing Co. main building which was destroyed by fire in 1885. Lower right shows small dam and falls where water power was diverted to the Franklindale Manufacturing Company Cotton Mill. 9 businesses and the construction of homes for living quarters. This, in turn, lead to the development of two banks, five churches, two free schools, two fire companies, a library, several fraternal lodges and the future development of new streets with water, sewer, gas and electric utilities. Perhaps the first mill constructed in the Village was the Yellow Mill by Nicholas Brewer in 1747. About 1820, Mr. John Givens built a cotton fac- tory on the west side of the Creek but most of it was destroyed by a freshet on January 3, 1841. The Independent Comb Co. was organized in 1828 and was succeeded by several other names over the later years. In 1830, Mr. James Ingham established a calico dye and printing company, later known as the Dutchess Print Works which became the largest and longest operated factory in the Village. In the 1830's, Mr. Benjamin Clapp purchased the Old Yellow Mill which he dismantled and in its place constructed a large masonry four-story building which was named the Clintondale Co. This building was destroyed by fire in 1855 and was never rebuilt. In the 1840's a four-story stone masonry factory building was constructed on the West bank of the Falls under the direction of Mr. Benjamin Clapp, known as the Hyper Mill and was used as a flour mill, comb factory and later a dye wood mill. After several years, the businesses were discontinued and the property was taken over by the Dutchess Print Works. In 1844 Benjamin Clapp erected several stone masonry buildings on the East side oftheFalls for a cotton factory known as the Franklindale Manufac- turingCo. This factory was later sold to the Dutchess Prin t Works in the 1870' s and was later destroyed by fire in 1885. The Disbrow Foundry located on the north side of East Main Street in 1852 was for the man ufacture of iron castings and was also destroyed by fire in 1873. A factory known as the Sweet Orr Co. was estab- lished on the second floor of the building at the corner of East and West Main Street, in 1871, for the manufacture of men's overalls. A year later, it moved to larger quarters to a building on Mill Street. This factory became one of the largest employers of female help in the Village. It gave steady employ- ment to the Village residents for over 87 years, when it ceased operations in 1958. During the early part of the 20th Century, the sale of the Dutchess Print Works in 19Q8 to the Deering-Milliken Company, owners of the Garner Print Works and Bleachery brought many changes to the Village. Several of the old Dutchess Print Works' buildings were destroyed and manufactur- ing was discontinued. A new modern bleachery operation in a complete new brick building replaced the old buildings on the north side of the Creek during 1910 and continued operations and employ- ment for many Village people until it was sold in 1955 to the RN. & A. Co., headed by Mr. Norman Kanor. Since then, the buildings have been occupied by several small factories and used for storage rent- als. The old South or Print side of the old Dutchess Print Works will be covered under another chapter of the Dutchess Print Works. Oldest Known Photograph of Village Taken in Early 1860's 10 THE OLD ''YELLOW MILL" One of the earliest grist mills erected at the Falls was called the "Yellow Mill" and was erected around 1787 by the Brewers on the East bank ofthe Creek just north of the present stone bridge. This Mill was two stories high with a pitched roof and was constructed with a frame of heavy oak timbers with stone exterior walls. Water power was obtained by three overshot water wheels mounted outside the foundation of the west wall. Water for operating the wheels was fed from the upper Creek by a wooden flume located over the water wheels. Power was transmitted to the inside of the Mill by a series of wooden gearwheels and shafting. These gearwheels were made of oak with hickory teeth and were made by men called millwrights. It was said that this Mill had a capacity of 100 barrels offlour per twenty-four hour day as it worked day and night. In 1789, this Mill as transferred with 102 acres of land to Cornelius Van Sickelyn and was then known as the Van Sickelyn Mill. InJune 1795, Van Sickelyn sold the Mill to Peter Mesier, the father of Abram, Peter Jr., and Matthew Mesier. Peter Mesier died in 1805 and left the Mill to the three sons. On a deed of Partition, Matthew Mesier became sole proprietor ofthe Mill. He died in 1838 and left the Mill property to his wife Johanna. In 1846 the property and Mill was purchased from the Mesier family by Benjamin Clapp. It was leased to the Clinton Co. for twenty-one years and the Old Yellow Mill was destroyed and gave way to me new Mill of the Clinton Co. After nine years of operation as a mill, the building took fire and burned out the interior and roof in June 19, 1955, and was never rebuilt In 1867 the property and ruined building was purchased by the Gamer Print Works to add to their land and water rights holdings. Most of the stone masonry walls of this building could be seen just a few feet north ofthe present stone bridge until 1909 when most ofthe walls were removed for the installation of the nine-foot steel penstock by the new Dutchess Bleachery for their future hydro- electric power plant. The west side foundation walls can still be seen along the Creek. THE DUTCHESS OR GARNER PRINT WORKS In 1830 a new factory for the manufacture of printed and dyed cotton goods was organized by Mr. James Ingham and a Mr. Leslie, both of whom came from Stockport, New York. This company, later known as the Dutchess Print Works and later the Gamer PrintWorks, continued its operation for a period of seventy-eight years and was the first calico print works in America. This new manufacturing company was very successful in its operation and was destined to bringnew business and employment to the adjoining Village with the result that many new homes, stores and businesses were created for the fast growth of the future Village of Wappingers Falls. This new plant was originally located on the North bank of the lower Wappingers Creek about one-thousand feet below the Falls. It later occupied filled-in land on the South side of the Creek. This location was, no doubt, selected on account of the water power available from the Falls for operating the machinery and for water for processing the cloth. Also, the lower Wappingers Creek being navigable, raw and manufactured products could be shipped by boat about two miles to and from the Hudson River docks at New Hamburg for further shipment to the New York City markets. In 1835, Mr. Thomas Garner, who had been a selling agent in New York City for the Ingham Company, purchased and took over ownership ofthe Print Works under the name of the Dutchess Print Works which was later changed to the Garner Print Works.. Associated with Mr. Gamer were Messrs. R. Mangan and L.M. Thorn. In the winter of 1856, the entire Print Works buildings were destroyed by fire and immediate plans were taken for the reconstruction of the fac- tory. During the reconstruction period in 1856, Mr. William Bogle joined the company as a color mixer. He contributed many suggestions for improving the working and production conditions in the rebuilt plants. Previous to this time, all the calico printing was done by hand, which was a slow process. In 1866 Mr. Samuel W. Johnson became a part- ner in the business in place of Messrs. Mangam and Thorn. In 1868 Mr. Thomas Garner died and left the business to his son, William T. Gamer. Nine years later, in 1877, Mr. William T. Garner died and the business was operated by Mr. Samuel Johnson and the trustees of the Garner Estate. During these past few years, in 1867, a Mr. J. Faulkner was the superintendent. He lived in and occupied the large brick mansion and estate owned by the Print Works on lower Market Street near Hunters Creek. Mr. Faulkner was succeeded by Mr. William Bogle and Mr. John Hunter became Assistant Su- perintendent. Upon his promotion to Superinten- dent, Mr. William Bogle, in cooperation with the owners, made vast improvements and changes in modernizing the plant: a new boiler house was constructed for new boilers to generate steam to 11 ..--3 H operate the new stearn-driven printing machines and large stearn driven engines to power the new machinery for dyeing and finishing the cloth. In fact, the entire plant was driven by stearn engines as this was the age of stearn and before the advent of electric power. Under Mr. William Bogle's supervision, the Dutchess or Gamer Print Works was at the heigh t of its operation and activity in the late 1890's. Also, at the turn of the century when they employed approxi- mately twelve-hundred employees, many of the employees were considered in high pay jobs such as the printing roll engravers, the machine calico print- ers, the finishers, mechanics and department super- visors. Some of the names of the department super- visors were as follows: Mr. Edward Buckley, bleach- ing; Mr. James Hun ter, machine printing; Mr. George Booth, engraving of printing machine rollers; Mr. Harry Lambert, dry-can room'; Mr. Johnson, dyeing and washing; Mr. Thomas Crane, finishing; Mr. Albert Hibbard, receiving and shipping; and Mr. William Halli well was Master Mechanic in charge of all building construction and machinery mainte- nance. During the late 1800's, much of the manufactur- ing which was originally started in buildings on the north side of the Creek was transferred to the newer and more modern buildings on the south side of the Creek. Several of the older buildings on the north side were then used for the manufacture of acids and chemicals used for the processing of the cloth. 1'his operation was under the direction of Mr. Daniel Ashworth and his son Irving. Mr. Ashworth owned several hundred acres of land and a large home along the upper east bank of the Wappingers Lake. Some acreage is now incorporated as residential and shopping center developments in the Village of Wappingers Falls. The new Route 9 by-pass of the Village also passes over this property and many acres are now occupied by the Scenic Gardens Apart- ment complex. In 1893 Mr. William Bogle resigned as superin- tendent and his son, Mr. John Bogle, who had been well trained in the operation of the business, as- sumed the job as superintendent of the entire plant. He held this position until 1908 when the entire manufacturing plant with its huge acreage and residential property under the name of the Gamer Print Works was sold to me Deering-Milliken Co. under the new name of the Dutchess Bleachery, Inc. This new operation will be covered in a separate chapter. The Dutchess or Garner Print Works was estab- lished for the printing, dyeing and finishing of rough cotton cloth from the Mills in New England and the South. This rough cotton cloth was received in large rough bales from the looms in a rough grey color. After the bales were opened, the rough cloth passed through the singeing machines over red hot rollers to remove the seeds, lint, and fuzz and then through a washing process. The cloth then entered a large steel tank called a kier where the cloth was boiled under stearn pressure with chemicals, including lime, to whiten it. After emerging from the kier, the cloth was washed in clear water and passed through large wringer rolls to extract the water. The cloth then went through the dry-can room where it was dried and ironed over hot stearn rollers ready to be printed or dyed. After it was printed or dyed, the cloth passed througp stearn tanks for making the colors permanent and the tenter machines to stan- dardize the width ofthe cloth. Again, it went to the finishing room where it was run through a series of dry-cans and a callendar machine to put on the finishing or ironing touch. It was then sent to the packing room where it would be cut to length, folded into a package, labeled and packed for shipping. However, if the cloth had to be printed, it involves a much more complicated process. In the early days, all the cloth was hand printed by stencil or silk screens on long flat tables the entire length of the room. In the latter years, printing machines using up to twelve different colors for one pattern were installed, each driven and controlled by a steam engine which could produce several hundred yards of printed cloth per hour. The Dutchess or Gamer Print Works had about twenty-four of these ma- chines for which copper engraved rollers for the different patterns, color boxes and colors had to be furnished. The copper rollers were engraved in the erigrav- ing shop where a design was etched in each roller by an acid for each color used. When the rollers were installed in the printing machine, each roller, when rotated, had to by synchronized with each other roller to form the required pattern or print. Each copper roller had its own color box and a steel blade to allow just enough color to cover the copper sur- face. The printed cloth would emerge from the printing machines which were located on the ground floors and passed to the second floor where the cloth would pass over a series of three dry-cans heated by stearn for drying the color. The cloth would then pass through a stearn box machine with other chemi- cals for setting the color and making it permanent. Each man in charge of a printing machine had to be highly skilled in the setting up of the different colors and rollers, as also did the men who engraved the copper rollers and produced the colors in the large color shop. There were several buildings set up for dyeingthe cloth with solid colors such as blues, blacks, reds, 12 , greens and yellows -- either by vat or gig dyeing. The Dutchess or Garner Print Works became a self-supporting organization owning several hun- dred acres of land on both sides of the Wappingers Creek and entire Wappingers Lake with land as far as Red Oaks Mill. Over the years, they purchased the old Clintondale and Hyper Mill properties. About 1865 they purchased the Franklindale Cotton Mill and other buildings from Benjamin Clapp. Most all the houses which were built by the Clintondale and Franklindale factories for housing their employees situated on Mill Street and Spring Street were acquired by this Company. They also purchased many acres ofland from Benjamin Clapp on what is now Clapp Avenue, Henry Street, Franklindale Avenue, Lower Henry Street and Fulton Street; and constructed many two-family houses to further house their employees. Later, several houses were con- structed on McKinley Street, Dutchess Avenue, Dutchess Terrace and Market Street for the same purpose. In the 1900's the rent charged by the Company to its employees was very low and was deducted each \veek from the employees' pay. The monthly rental for the best ofthe two-family houses was ten dollars ($10) per month and consisted of a basement, a first floor with an entrance hall, large living room, dining room and large eat-in kitchen and a second floor' with three bedrooms and two rooms in the attic. Every house owned by the Company was painted white and had a yard which was enclosed by a white wooden-picket fence. There was no running water or sewer systems in any of the houses with the excep- tion of a few of the larger houses occupied by the officials ofthe Company. Wash water was available in the kitchen at a sink by a hand-operated water pump which pumped rain water from an under- ground cistern fed by the rain water collected on the house roof. Some of the older houses which were built on solid rock did not have cisterns, so collected the rain water from the roof in a series of large wooden barrels located on the outside of the house. When the water was required for washing, it had to be carried by pails from the outside barrels to within the house, which was very inconvenient in the freez- ing weather. All houses were heated and cooking done with stoves burning anthracite coal, coke or wood which created ashes that had to be carried out ofthe house each day. Sanitary facilities were provided in small wooden outhouses located at the rear of each yard and, sometimes, serving several families. Water for drinking and cooking had to be carried by pails from the several public water pumps located on the Village streets. Electricity was not available for lighting so kero- sene oil lamps were used for this purpose. The above conditions also prevailed in the other privately owned homes in the Village. Around 1900 the Dutchess or Garner Print Works owned and rented to its employees about forty-three single houses, about fifty-five double houses and twenty four-family houses which totalled approxi- mately two-hundred twenty-five families. In order to keep these houses in good condition, the Company employed several carpenters, masons and other men of trades in steady positions. (In addition, there were several large one-family houses with both running water, central heat and gas for cooking that were available for the supervisors of the Company.) In order to build the factory buildings along both the north and south sides of the lower Wappingers Creek, the Company constructed heavy masonry stone retaining walls about ten feet high along both shores of the Creek; forming a channel or canal for controlling the tide waters of the lower Creek and the flood waters from the upper Creek. Behind these walls, the land was filled in for the construction of the plant buildings. Access to the property was down lower Market Street to level land and the property. Over the years, much of this land was filled in from the coal ashes froin burning coal in the steam boilers over several decades. For receiving raw materials and shipping fin- ished products to the railroad and boats at New Hamburg, this Company built and maintained sev- eral flat-top barges, or scows, that were towed by a small steam-operated tug boat, named the "Dutchess", up and down the lower Creek when it was not frozen over in the winter. In severe winter weather, the products were carted either by horse- drawn trucks or sleighs down the Creek Road, which was a distance of about two miles. This Creek Road was a continuation oflower Market Street and was constructed about 1870 along the east bank of the lower W ~ppingers Creek. Prior. to this time, all transportation to New Hamburg was either via Hughsonville or around through Channingville Vil- lage. In order to acquire water for both power and processing the cloth, a wooden dam was built across the lower Creek just below the Falls to form a large reservoir of water. At first, awooden sluice-way was constructed from this dam along the Creek bank for power and water for the factory buildings on the South shore. This was later replaced by a steel pipe, four feet in diameter, moun ted on two masonry piers across the lower Creek where the tide water ends. In the spring flood of 1902 this pipe and piers were destroyed and washed away -- the result of which closed down the plant for several weeks until tempo- rary repairs were made. After several months, the 13 . .J'" steel pipe and piers were replaced. During this flood, the entire plant was covered with water to a depth of about five feet. In order to provide steam power for the engines, bleaching and processing the cloth and heating the buildings, four boiler houses containing about forty steam boilers were installed. These boilers, operat- ing at about 60 pounds pressure, were vented to six brick square chimneys that were from one-hundred to one-hundred, seventy-five feet high and which were destroyed by the new owners when the Print Works was sold. These boilers consumed a huge amount of coal which created a great amount of ashes each day. Coal was hand-shoveled into four wheel-swivel mounted horse drawn trucks from a huge coal shed located on he lower Creek and hauled to the boilers each day. The resulting ashes had to be shoveled into two-wheel horse-drawn dump trucks and carted out to dispose as fill around the plant yard or for fill in the Village streets. The south end of Clapp Avenue was made from this fill across the Valley from Franklindale Avenue. These coal ashes con- tained a lot of unburned coal and each day, children of the poor people could be seen sorting and picking over the ashes to retrieve the unburned coal for use in their own houses. In order to have a constant supply of coal on hand throughout each year, two huge coal sheds were built on the bank of the lower Wappingers C,reek where thousands of tons of coal would be stored. The coal was brought from the mines in Pennsylvania by coal barges down the Hudson River from the Dela- ware and Hudson Canal and up the lower Creek to the plant. The Dutchess or Garner Print Works maintained its own machine and carpenter shops, boiler making and pipe shops, masonry and construction men for maintenance and construction of its buildings and property. Many horses had to be kept for their trucks, coal and dump carts in a series of barns located in lower Market Street and McKinley Street. The Company made and repaired all the wagons, trucks and carts and shod, fed and bedded all the horses on the property. In order to supply and store all the feed and bedding for the approximately thirty horses, they planted and harvested wheat, oats and hay each spring on the acres off arm land which they owned in the surrounding country. In order to ship the manufactured textile goods to markets, wooden boxes or cases had to be made as no cardboard or paper cases were made at that time. These cases, measuring about four-feet high, three- feet long and two-feet wide, were manufactured by the Company in a brick building along the Creek in lower Market Street. Rough sawed lumber from the mills was transported to the lumber storage shed on lower Market Street by boat each summer and stored until needed. The rough lumber would then be planed smooth and sawed into proper lengths for different sized boxes, nailed together and trans- ported to the packing room of the Print Works. This shop employed about twelve men through the year. The building was sold about 1958 to me Village of Wappingers Falls for use as a garage for the High- way Department. In order to protect their factory buildings from being again destroyed by fire, the Company, in about 1902, installed a complete new automatic water sprinkler system throughout their buildings. They erected a steel water tank. on top of the ground on Roy's Hill just at the rear of the plant for the storage of water for the systems which was pumped from the lower Creek by a huge 1000 gallon per minute steam, reciprocating pump, located in a small brick building just West of the steel bridge crossing the Creek. All during the operations of the Dutchess or Garner Print Works, electricity for lighting and power was unknown and no electric service was available in the village until 1901. In order to supply some illumination for their factory buildings and operation of some machinery, the company build a small illuminating coal gas plant at the end of McKinley Street just south of the factory complex. This gas was manufactured from coal in the gas plant and was stored in two large, steel tanks, typical of all large city operations, so that sufficient gas pressure would force the gas through steel pipes throughout the plant. They also supplied gm; to the business section of the Village, including the four churches, Grinnell Library, Sweet-Orr Factory, sev- eral lodge rooms and stores. This was another service rendered to the Village by the Dutchess Print Works. This gas plant and its pipes, due to obsolete and worn out conditions, was discontinued in 1913, leaving the Village without any gas service. How- ever, natural gas service was supplied to the Village about 1930 when the Central Hudson Gas and Elec- tric Company extended their gas pipes from Poughkeepsie along Route 9 to Wappingers Falls and then to Beacon. The Dutchess or Garner Print works had a very large and powerful steam whistle that could be heard for miles around, mounted on one ofthe boiler houses that was used each working day to summon their employees to and from work. The hours were 6:20 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. with one hour for lunch each day, except Saturday, when work stopped at 12:00 noon. Perhaps halfofthe employees had their lunch delivered to them in dinner pails or baskets at their place of employment in the mill by their children and 14 thus earned a half-ho.ur extra pay each day. This whistle was also. used as a fire signal far a fire within the plant and its use was co.ntinued under the new o.wners far several years. In the fall o.f 1908, when Mr. Jo.hn Bo.gle was general manager, news was received in the Village that the Garner Print Wo.rks has been saId to the Deering-Milliken Co.. and that all manufacturing wo.rk wo.uld be suspended until further no.tice. This was very bad news far all their emplo.yees and the residents and businesses in the Village since it meant the lay-o.ff o.f abo.ut 1,200 emplo.yees in the winter who. had to. seek emplo.yment elsewhere. This was almo.st impassible since the emplo.yees had no. auto.mo.biles o.r transpo.rtatio.n to. lo.o.k far and ac- quire wo.rk at ather lo.catio.ns. Many o.fthe families o.f the emplo.yees with trades and higher paid po.si- tio.ns had to. mo.ve to. ather lo.calities far wo.rk. Others co.mmuted by train each day o.r week to. new emplo.y- ment. Far co.mmo.n labar, the emplo.yee receivedabo.ut ten do.llars ($10) per week far a sixty-ho.ur week with no. vacatio.n pay o.r unemplo.yment insurance or paid ho.lidays. Skilled labo.r such as machine printer,s engravers and mechanics received as high as twenty- eight do.llars ($28) per week, which was co.nsidered high pay. The peo.ple survived the winter until new jabs co.uld be o.btained fro.m the new Print Wo.rk o.wners an their reco.nstructio.n pro.gram which is co.vered in ano.ther chapter. In relating the activities o.f the aId Dutchess o.r Garner Print Wo.rks at the turn o.fthe century, it is well to. no.te that Mr. William Bo.gle, who. was super- intendent o.f the entire o.peratio.n, was assisted by Mr. J o.hn Hunter, who. had his o.ffice at the fo.o.t o.fthe hill just beyo.nd the factory gates and was in charge o.f all internal o.peratio.ns in the plant. Mr. Hunter lived with his family in a large ho.me an lo.wer Market Street, o.ppo.site Dutchess Terrace. Mr. Hunter, far his recreatio.n, maintained a table o.f fine fast ho.rses and carriages and co.uld be seen evening and Sundays driving aro.und the vicin- ity and making a fine appearance. When the Wm. T. Garner Steam Fire Engine Co.. was fo.unded in 1869, Mr. Hunter was the first charter member, the first president o.fthe co.mpany and the first fo.reman. Mr. Hunter had three grandso.ns o.f which the o.ldest, R. Malco.me Hunter, was, far several years, o.ffice manager o.fthe New Garner Print Wo.rks and Bleachery. He also. served far years as treasurer o.f the new Wappingers Central Schaal District and was Past Master during the Eisenho.wer Adminis- tratio.n o.f the lo.cal Past Office. He also. served as vestry man in Zio.n Episco.pal Church and as a Bo.ard Member o.f the Grinnell Library. Mr. Jo.hn Bo.gle, who. was superintendent o.fthe Garner Print Wo.rks far its last fifteen years, lived with his family in the farmer Faulkner Estate, awned 'by the Garner Co.. an lo.wer Market Street. The Bo.gles had a san, Ro.nald F. Bo.gle, who. lived with his wife, Julia, in the farmer Sweet Estate an Pro.spect Street and who. was a pro.minent lawyer wi th o.ffices in Wappingers Falls and Po.ughkeepsie. Also., a daughter, Alice, who. married A. Seaman Hunt, Jr. who. resided in a new ho.me an Spo.o.k Hill Ro.ad. Mr. Hunt o.perated the Hunt Tire and Hard- ware Supp ly business in the Village fo.r several years when it was saId to. the Hacker Hardware Co.. After Mr. Bo.gle's retirement in 1910, due to. health, Mr. and Mrs. Bo.gle mo.ved fro.m the Faulkner Estate an lo.wer Market Street and purchased and remade led the large ho.use an the carner o.fPro.spect Street and So.uth Avenue where they lived far several years. The ho.use was purchased later by Dr. and Mrs. Jo.hn Kerrigan as their ho.me and o.ffice. 15 Looking north up through the' gorge toward the Falls and Market Street buildings. A wooden dam constructed across the gorge in the fore- ground impounds water feed- ing the four feet diameter steel pipe at the left for operating parts of the Garner Print Works in the early 1900's. The pen- stock and dam were removed in the 1910's by the new own- ers, the Garner Print Works and Bleachery when they con- structed the hydroelectric power plant. The Smith Building and Meyers Building located on Market Street with Zion Episcopal Church in the right background taken in the early 1900's. . ., The Dutchess Print Works - taken about 1906. In its heyday it was located on both sides of the Creek. Seueral additional large buildings and two tall smoke chimneys to the left rear are not shown. In the foreground, is the four-foot diameter steel penstock supported on two masonry piers crossing the Creek to feed water and power to the buildings on the left side of the Creek. 16 THE HYPER MILL ~e Franklindale Cotton Mill on the east bank of the Creek of which Mr. Benjamin Clapp was a stockholder and owner had no rights to the water which flowed through the west arch of the stone bridge. In order to get control of the water, they bought the lease of Mr. Henry Hughson thus pre- serving the right of the control of the water in times of drought. Mr. James Ingham, then also a stock- holder of the Franklindale Co., was appointed to arrange this agreement with Mr. Hughson at a yearly rental of $400 per year. He also agreed to erect a four-story masonry building on the west side of the Creek, just south of the bridge, for Mr. Hughson's milling business and also for the comb industry of Nicholas and Shields who were the successor of Cook and Low. Mr. Hughson was to have the first and second stories and basement and the comb factory was to have the third floor and attic and also the lean-to brick building on the east side which contained the water wheel for power. . This main building was constructed of stone masonry of stone from the quarry of Mr. Cornelius Remsen, now located at the west end ofFranklindale Avenue. This wheel was later replaced by a water turbine. A dam about four feet high was constructed along the top of the Falls from the small rock island which supported the middle arches of the bridge to the brick building, to divert the Creek water coming through the west arch of the bridge by a masonry open flume to the water wheel. The water from the wheel was returned to the lower part of the Falls through an opening in the bottom part of the build- ing. Mr. Hughson carried on the milling business for a number of years and was succeeded by a Mr. Brinkerhoff. After several more years, the flour milling ceased operations due to competition from other local mills, and it was converted to a log-wood dye mill with Mi. Hughson in charge. The comb factory of Nicholas and Shields, later became Sweet, Nicholas, Shields and McKinley and they continued a business in the Hyper Mill building for several years, which was later discontinued. About 1864 Mr. Benjamin Clapp sold the mill and his interest in same, together with his interest in the Franklindale Co. and other Village property to Gar- ner Print Works Co. for $45,000. This stone factory building stood idle for many years and due to the deterioration of the roof, win- dows and cracked walls, the second and third stories and roof were removed about 1905 by the Garner Co., leaving only the first story remaining without a roof. "~h----l When the new owners, the Garner Print Works and Bleachery, installed the nine-foot steel water flume for their new power plant in 1909, they re- moved the remaining first story of the building to form an operations platform for the derricks, for assembly of the flume sections and construction of the steel bridge across the Creek which still remains unused in 1977. The roof and about ten feet of the rear brick building, housing the water wheel, was removed and the entire inside of the building was filled with concrete and stone to form the west abutment of the steel bridge which was to support the new steel flume. The east abutment which is about 40 feet high was constructed of reinforced concrete with two arches on a rock ledge adjacent to the foot of the Falls. The foundation and basement of the old Hyper Mill located on the east side of Givens Avenue to the rear of Lemar Pharmacy was filled in with earth after the completion of the flume work and is now occupied by several wooden garages for personal use. THE INDEPENDENT AND BROWNCOMBCOMP~ES ~e Independent Comb Co. was formed in 1828 by Levi Cook and Emory Low for the manufacture of combs. This factory, which occupied factory space in the Hyper Mill building, was later acquired by Ni- cholas and Shields. It later became known as Sweet, Nicholas, Shields and McKinley. Seven years later, the business was moved to a new wooden building near the site of the Clintondale Mill. Again, in 1848, the business was moved to the upper floors of the Clintondale Mill. In 1854, this business was discontinued and was sold to Elias Brown, Abel Gray, Thomas Stevenson and John Barlow, who moved the business to a wooden building owned by the Franklindale Cotton Mill. This building was located on a small island of rock located below the lake dam with the raceway on the east side and the Wappingers Creek on the west side. This building and one other small building used as a machine shop were later occupied as a carpen ter shop by the Dutchess Print Works as a headquarters for the repairs required on their tenement and employee houses. These two buildings were probably built in this location on this small rock island to take advantage 17 of the water power from the raceway about ten feet away to operate a water turbine for operation of the machinery. These buildings were vacated when the Garner Print Works was sold in 1908. The buildings were totally destroyed by a fire believed set around 9:00 p.m. in the 1915's. After a year's operation, Mr. Brown purchased the interest ofthe other three owners and was sole owner. Mr. Brown again moved the Comb Company to a new building on the corner of Prospect and Fulton Streets. This building was destroyed by fire on January 26, 1868, but was rebuilt within three weeks. In 1879 the building was enlarged to 150 feet by 30 feet with a 40 foot wing on each end. Mr. Brown was succeeded in the business by his two sons, Joseph and Samuel Brown, who, after a few years, discontinued the business due to the competition of cheaper combs made in Germany and imported to this country. The north end of the factory building, which is three stories high and still standing, was remodeled for several apartments. The south end of the factory containing the steam boiler and engine was dismantled about 1910. Elias Brown built a large, beautiful three-story brick home on the east side of Broadway, now known as South Avenue, directly across the street from the Clinton Clapp Mansion. Around 1915 this home was sold to Clarence W. Knight for his residence and three apartments. He later constructed a large garage for car sales and repairs to the rear of the home and apartments. Mr. Knight, with his two sons, established the Studebaker Car Agency for several years, together with a Gulf gasoline service station. The business was continued by the two sons after Mr. Knight's death until 1971 when the busi- ness was discontinued. The business property and large apartment building in the former Elias Brown home was sold to the Datsun Car Agency, who dismantled the large home for a car sales lot and retained the car repair shop in the rear. THE CLINTONDALE MILL In 1846 Mr. Benjamin Clapp, who had pur- chased the Yellow Mill from the Mesier family, tore this Mill down and in its place erected a new ma- sonry four-story building with a pitched roof, which was known as the Clintondale Manufacturing Co., and was leased for twenty years to this company. The first floor was occupied as a wood veneer lumber mill. The second floor was rented to the Cook and Low Comb Manufacturing Company, who later took over the third and fourth floors. The veneer and comb factories expanded so rapidly that an addi- Old photo taken in 1860 of the. Clinton dale Factory fire ruins. 18 tional masonry building was constructed nearby to accommodate them. The Mill was activated by a series of three over- shot-type wooden water wheels mounted along the lower west side of the building. Water for operating the wheels was fed from the east branch of the Wappingers Creek just north of the mill by an open wooden flume terminating over the three wheels. Power was transmitted to the Mill machinery by a series of wooden gears, pulleys and belts. This Mill continued operations until June 19, 1855, when it was destroyed by fire and never rebuilt. Some of the masonry walls may still be seen within eight feet of the northeast corner of the present stone bridge. This property and water rights were purchased later by the Dutchess Print Works which, at that time, was acquiring adjoining land and water rights of the Wappingers Creek to add to their holdings. This same property was acquired in 1908 by the New Garner Print Works and Bleachery over which theyconstructed the nine-foot steel penstock for the new hydroelectric plant. _ A large oil painting of the Clintondale Mill, done by Mr. Clinton W. Clapp, a son of Benjamin Clapp, is displayed in the office room on the first floor of the Grinnell Library. THE FRANKLINDALE MANUFACTURING CO. In 1844 Mr. Benjamin Clapp, at the age of fifty- five years, sold his New York City interest and business, probably to acquire more capital, and purchased two-hundred additional acres of land south of the present stone bridge and began con- struction and operation of the Franklindale Cotton Mill. He also built many of the existing stores and houses on Market, Spring and Mill Streets for hous- ing of the mill workers. According to the Gazetteer of N ew York State, published in 1860, the FranklindaleManufacturing Co., owners of the cotton factory complex, was incor- porated with a capital of $150,000. They employed 200 men and women and turned out $150,000 worth of cotton cloth each year. This new mill, five-stories high with a peaked roof, was constructed on the east side of the gorge along the shore line adjacent to the Falls of the Wappingers Creek. This allowed them to take ad- vantage of the water power available for driving the machinery. It was of stone masonry construction about 300 feet long and was bounded on the east by Market Street. A wooden belfry was constructed on the roof of the main building to house a large bronze bell used for the purpose of calling their employees to and from work. Around the perimeter of the building on each of the five floors were wood-framed windows with small panes of glass to afford light and ventilation. For night lighting, oil lamps and gas jets supplied by coal gas from the Dutchess Print Works' systems was used. Evidently, it was heated in the winter by stearn coils with stearn supplied by a boiler located in a brick building just west of Market Street. The main building was constructed for use as a cotton textile manufacturing plant and was solidly built to withstand the weight and operation of the heavy looms. Several smaller masonry buildings were connected to the main building. The machinery was operated by a water turbine supplied by water impounded by a horseshoe shaped darn about four-feet high constructed on the rock formation just south of the present stone bridge. It has been partially destroyed due to the penstock installation. The company erected a two-story wooden office building about twenty-feet square just north of the factory buildings and close to the present stone bridge. This building is still standing and was purchased and occupied by Kelly's Meat Market during the last generation. In the later years, an auxiliary stearn engine was installed to supplement the water turbine during low water supply. In these early days, the employees worked long hours and the pay was small. The bell in the belfry was rung by the watchman, Mr. William Sheeren, at 5:00 a.m., calling all hands to work and at 8:00 p.m., to discharge them. They started work at 5:30 a.m. to 12:00 noon and again at 12:30 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. with time out for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Much of the work was done by women and child labor, who earned $6.00 and $1.50 per week, respectively. The men earned $6 to $8 per week for a 65-hour week. When the Civil War broke out between the States, it became impossible to get the raw cotton from the South and the factory was forced to cease operations and lay off many of the employees. Had Mr. Clapp been a younger man, he might have ridden out the end of the War, but he was over seventy years old and in 1866 he decided to sell out his interest in the Franklindale Cotton Manufacturing Co. to the Gar- ner Print Works for $45,000. Mr. Peter McKinley was the new superintendent and after his death was succeeded by Mr. Matthew Cottam. The factory continued operations at a very busy rate under the new ownership after the close of the Civil War -- employing as many as 400 employees. In the month of October 1885, the main building 19 I .... t.:> o -'" ~.-. '" ,.,; " .. - Rare photo taken in the late 1870's. In foreground are ruins of the Clintondale Manufacturing Company destroyed by fire in June 1855 and the original stone bridge constructed in 1852 and later widened in 1884 to sixty feet. The Franklindale Cotton Mill with its belfry is seen at right center beyond the bridge. In upper center is the original Brewer Building, which later housed the original Grinnell Library. The original Manning Building, now the remodeled home of Marine-Midland National Bank, is located in the center. (Photo courtesy ofCarolvn Wixson) of the Franklindale Cotton Manufacturing Co. was destroyed by one of the most spectacular fires to occur in the Village,throwing all of the 200 employ- ees out of work. The factory and machinery were a total loss to the Company and the factory was never rebuilt. This fire was such a big loss to the Village that I am reproducing a newspaper eyewitness re- port by the Old Wappingers Chronicle Newspaper on that date. This old issue of the Chronicle was obtained by Carolyn Wixson, the Village Historian, from the Mary Hicks family. FRANKLIN COTrON FACTORY FIRE OCTOBER 1885 ,,~ -.J. he worse fire in the Wappingers Falls history was last night. About 5:30 p.m., the fire bell rang (Garner Engine Co.). The bell in the tower joined in. Puffs of smoke and fZames came from the Franklindale Mill. S. W. Johnson Co. got to plug in square and in five minutes laid their hose and had two streams played on the fire -- eight minutes from the time they left the fire house. The engine capacity is three streams but for lack of suction, the hose was able to use only two. The Garner Hose Company took ten minutes to get to the fire. They set the engine at the Dawson plug, but the hydrant was not able to supply the needs, and they had to plug into the fZume above the old cotton mill. The distance was so great that they could lay only one line of hose. InfZammable material in the factory saturated with oil, oil-soaked fZoors and woodwork caused the fire to spread with rapidity. Fifteen minutes from the time the alarm sounded, fZames were bursting through the roof and eating into the very heart of the building. The fire was caught in the mule room in the fifth story; and at the first alarm, the building was quickly emptied of employees with no accidents or loss of life. Some of them were said to have escaped through the windows. Employees stood around watching with sad faces and tearful eyes. A large crowd gathered to watch the fire. Firemen could not save the building and devoted all their efforts to save the adjoining building and buildings across the street which were more than A rare photograph ofpart of the Franklindale Cotton Mill located on the west side of Market Street just south of the stone bridge. It is of stone masonry construction, built by Benjamin Clapp in the late 1840's. It was later sold to the Garner Print Works in 1866, and was destroyed by fire in October 1885. Note the large number of boys and young female employees. (Photo courtesy of Carolyn Wixson, Village Historian) 21 - ~t! r It ,ii, ~;' !ll "1 Itt li~ Ii i( ij{ f once in imminent peril. Frequently the flames leaped to other buildings but with steady work of the firemen and citizens, they were put out. Ravages were con- fined to the cotton factory. The bell tower fell down about 7:00 p.m. and at 8:30 p.m., the elevator made its las trip down. At 8:30 p.m., the wall in the street part began to crumble and fell piece by piece into the street, increasing the flames and sending sparks up in shadows. The second floor on the south side fell- ., in about 9:00 and one-by-one the floors fell in and parts-by-parts of the building gave way until a little past 9:15 one lone rafter remained on the south gable. Between 12:00 and 1:00 a.m. the ruin was com- pleted. The major portion of the crowd leaving the fire companies and their volunteers to watch the fire during the rest of the night. Between 1:00 and 2:00 a.m. flames broke out and an alarm was sounded Hoses were played on the blazing ruins and the flames were subdued. Only those running the Gar- ner steamer remained. Joseph Jones, engineer; James Gilmore, assistant engineer; and Samuel Temple were on duty from the time the fire broke out until 9:00 a.m. the next morning, when just enough hose was left to reach the fire. At 3:00 a.m. the weather changed to bitter cold, which greatly facilitated its work. The mill will not be rebuilt before spring, if then. There were 10,000 spindles and 240 looms with 130 hands on the payroll. The loss is estimated at $150,000. The amount of the insurance is now. known as the business is done in New York City. The greatest number of hands were girls and women who may find employment in the print works and overall factory, all of which need more help. The history of the building extends far back into the memory of the oldest inhabitants. As a mill, it was one of the oldest in the county. The first mill built on the site of the one just burned was erected in the later part of the last century and burned some years after its erection. A part of the mill was rebuilt in 1828 and was burned in 1832. The same year, the south end ofthe mill, directly in back of Simmon's Jewelry Shop was built by Benjamin Clapp and was about 75 feet long, 45 feet wide and five-stories high. In 1824 the eastern part of the building next to the bridge was built 100 feet long and in 1845 the two were connected by intermediate building, 60 feet long -- making the whole structure about 235 feet long and six stories high. Prior to 1844, it was occupied by the Ingham Print Works, the comb factory run by Nicholas and Shields and a saw mill run by Benjamin Clapp. In 1844, a stock company with a capital of$l00, 000 was formed for the purpose offorming a cotton mill to be known as the Franklindale Company, and the building was devoted to that business exclusively -- being rented from Mr. Clapp for $45,000 including a number of buildings on Market Street which prop- erty is still in possession of the Company. The Harcourt Store was well emptied of its goods which were removed to a place of safety. Hot coffee was served to firemen in the S. W. Johnson Engine House and in Scofield's Store. Showcases and most valuables of the goods in A Peacocks' Drug Store were removed to Smith Brothers Store at the corner of Main and Market Streets. James Ambery, mer- chant-tailor, fearing the sparks might ignite the building, moved his entire stock across into the Manning Block. Messrs. B.S. Wilbur a'nd SA. Simmons, the jew- elers, put their stock in their safes. Henry Cunliff, proprietor of the gent's furnishing store, moved his entire stock across the street. The building was in close proximity to the Mill. . It will be a big job to dig the old iron out of the ruins. Several workers have already left town to seek employment. The steam engine is still playing on embers of the fire as we go to press on Thursday. Chief of Police Dalton and Chief McCaun did yeoman duty at the fire. A number of girls who worked at the cotton factory have already made application for employment at the overall factories. " The phrasing and spelling of this newspaper account ofthe fire was not written by the compiler of this history but was taken from a typewritten copy by others from the old "Chronicle" newspaper pub- lished the following day after the fire. Many of the observers of the fire have reported that during the fire, the belfry on the roof of the main building was destroyed and the large bronze bell mounted therein toppled into the deep hole of the Falls below. This deep hole was, apparently, caused by the constant pounding of water in one spot drop- ping from the Falls over the past centuries. It is so deep that in the summer boys can be seen from the stone bridge diving off a rock cliff, ten-feet high, into this hole without any fear of striking the bottom. There has been no record of anybody finding or retrieving the bell. The old masonry walls remaining of the factory building can be seen on the left side of the Falls from the south side of the stone bridge. When the nine- foot penstock was installed in 1909, much of the ruins of the factory were further destroyed by the new penstock passing through them. After the fire, the small office building which was not burned and is still standing at the southeast corner of the bridge on Market Street as a landmark has been used for several different activities. From 1885 until 1910 it was used as an office by the Garner Print Works for the collection of rents and the reporting of repair work in the many employee ~ t r r 22 houses and property which they owned locally. For the next few years, it served as a meeting and . club room for the supervisors and overseers of the new Garner Print Works and Bleachery. About 1918 the building was rented by the Vil- lage for a Police Station with Mr. Daniel Laffin, the Chief of Police and Mr. Edward Eagan as his assis- tant. Several iron bar cells were installed in the basement for temporary holding of prisoners until they could be transferred to the County Jail in Poughkeepsie. About 1924 the building was occupied by the AC. Smith Plumbing and Heating Co. managed by Mr. Francis Travis, who also had branch shops in Bea- con and Newburgh. In 1927 this company ceased business in the Village and Mr. Travis established the local shop of Shaker, Travis and Quinn in the old Rush Hotel building on East Main Street, which they purchased. The building was later purchased by the Thomas Kelly family who remodeled the building by install- ing a commercial new glass window and entrance on e first floor front for their meat market business ~ which they planned to relocate from their West Main Street location. An outside open stairway was built on the south side as an entrance to a new second floor apartment. The market was continued and owned for a number of years by the Kellys, but in the last' decade has been operated by several other tenants. This old original office building constructed of wood has stood as a landmark at the comer of East Main and Market Streets for over a century and a quarter. THE EAGLE FOUNDRY In the year 1852 a new industry moved to Wappingers Creek Village from Poughkeepsie and was named the Eagle Foundry. It was owned by Nicholas Disbrow and Edward M. Goring. This foundry was located on the north side of the High- land Turnpike, now lj':ast Main Street, just above Mill Street at a point where the Shaker, Travis and Quinn building and the adjacent Main Street build- ings are now located. This firm made iron and brass castings for agri- cultural equi pment and their famous Disbrow water pumps. Their other specialty was the iron castings of the legs or supports for the desks for school furniture. In 1869 the firm's name was changed to Disbrow and Halliwell. Mr. Halliwell had a financial and advisory interest only in the business as he had a full-time position as Master Mechanic in the Dutchess Print Works. In 1873 the Foundry building took fire and burned down. The fire started about 10:30 p.m. in the engine room and spread very rapidly throughout the wooden structure. The fire occurred very close to other wooden buildings where stores were located along Mill Street and especially the new Sweet Orr and Company factory which had recently opened. In a newspaper report it recounts where the new Gar- ner Steam Fire Engine acquired its water from the water reservoir at the rear of the Zion Church and the Johnson Engine Company, with its hand pumper was connected to a large cistern at the rear of the Sweet Orr building. At times it looked as though the entire block of buildings would be consumed by the fire but due to hard work of the firemen and civil- ians, the fire was brought under control. All the buildings, patterns and other equipment of the Foundry were a total loss. A curious sequel to the conflagration was that the newly organized Sweet Orr factory lost its power which had been furnished from the Foundry engine room and had to close down for several days until new facilities were provided. The Foundry owners moved their foundry loca- tion about two miles from the Village to the New Hamburg Road, adjacent to the lower Wappingers Creek on tide water. The new location, a short distance from the Hudson River boats and the Hudson River Railroad, afforded better transportation fa- cilities for their raw manufactured products. This Foundry business was sold later to the R.J. and T.H. Stuart Company of New Hamburg who continued the Foundry and a new machine shop business until about the 1920's when it was closed down due to the death and poor health of the Stuart brothers. The land and buildings were acquired by Mr. W. Willis Reese whose large and beautiful estate adjoined the Stuart estate. The Stuarts had built several large homes wherein they lived on the New Hamburg-Hughsonville Road, which was called Stuartville, which Mr. Willis Reese later acquired. THE SWEET-ORRAND COMPANY FACTORY In the year 1871 a factory known as the Sweet Orr and Company began operations in a small way on the second floor of the brick building located on the west bank ofthe Creek about ten feet north ofthe Stone Bridge wall in what was later the Popper Electric Company building. Mr. James Orr and his two nephews, Clinton and Clayton Sweet, established the factory for the pro- duction of men's denim overalls which were very popular for carpenters, mechanics and especially for 23 .1 'i rl l d railroad men. At first, six young women operating foot-operated sewing machines under the supervi- sion of James Orr produced the first output. So popular did these overalls become, due to their superior quality and workmanship, that the de- mand exceeded the supply, and it was found neces- sary to move to a larger location and increase pro- duction. Ayear later, in 1872, the expanding business was moved to the second floor of a brick building on Mill Street, which they later purchased and is still known as part of the Sweet Orr Co. complex. The first floor of this building was then a blacksmith shop. The sewing machines were then operated by a steam engine with steam, at first, obtained from the Eagle Foundry. Several years later, as the business expanded, the Company erected a three-story brick factory building on the east, adjacent to the original location on Mill Street. The first floor of this build- ing, which was about 150 feet long and 60 feet wide, was used for shipping and receiving and the storage of raw and manufactured goods. The second floor was occupied by the cutting department and the third floor was the operating room which contained all the sewing machines. On the extreme northeast corner of this building was erected the steam engine and boiler room build- ing with a brick chimney about six feet square and fifty feet high. A storage building for coal was adjacent to me engine room on the north. This company expanded by the manufacture of men's work and dress trousers and blue denim overall jackets. About 1890 the company erected a three-story brick building adjacent to the north side of the existing and original factory. The top floor was devoted to the additional sewing machine opera- tions and the second floor to the finishing and press- ing department. A large, new office and shipping room occupied the first floor. Up to this time, the entire factory was operated by a large steam engine with a hand-fired anthracite coal burning boiler which also heated the factory in the winter. This steam engine delivered its power throughout the entire plant by long lines of steel shafting, belts and pulleys. Coal for the boiler was received from the coal mines by coal barges on the lower Creek and transported by horse-drawn wag ons to the coal storage bins each fall to cover the winter season. A steam whistle summoned the employees to and from work each working day from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. with one hour out for lunch. Mr. John O'Connell was the engineer and fireman for many years, working a full twelve hour day When twenty-four hour electric service b(;came available in the Village in 1911, the Sweet-Orr Co. changed from steam power to electric powe~ and installed one 20-horsepower and one-7 1/2 horse- power electric motor belted to the existing line shafts and using the boiler for winter steam heating. A few years later the Company discarded the long lines of drive shafts, pulleys, belts and the old belt- drive sewing machines and in its place installed new tables, each equipped with twelve sewing machines and each table with its own motor drive, thereby saving power. When natural gas became available int he Village around 1927, the Sweet-Orr Co. installed automatic gas unit heaters throughout the factory thereby eliminating the old steam heating coils and steam boiler. The boiler, chimney and steam engine were no longer needed and were destroyed. About this time, an automatic water sprinkler system was installed throughout the factory for fire protection. Later again about the 1930's, all the above tables and sewing machines were removed and replaced by individual tables equipped with a sewing or other type machine with its own motor drive arranged on he operating room floor for a streamline operation in order to reduce labor and meet stronger competition from other firms. The Sweet-Orr and Co. had the reputation of manufacturing the strongest and finest men's gar- ments. They established and advertised a trade- mark by having six strong men in a tug-of-war, trying to pull apart at the crotch, a pair of men's overalls. In the early part of the century, the demand for their products was so great that they established other factories in Newburgh, New York; Joli.et, Illi- nois; and New Orleans, Louisiana. Tne machine operators were mostly women. The cloth cutting was performed by skilled men by laying out the cloth on tables about two-hundred feet long and forming about twenty layers of cloth. Patterns were laid on the cloth and outlined by crayon and the several layers of cloth were cut by an electric knife machine. The Sweet family or owners lived in a large home on Prospect Street. It was later occupied by Mr. Thompson E. Goring who was General Manager of all the plants. Mr. Daniel Walker was the superin- tendent of the local plant in the late 1890's to about the 1930's, when he was succeeded by Mr. Charles Hallis, and later by Mr. Harold Hicks, when the plant ceased operations in 1958. The Sweet-Orr plant was one ofthe two main and oldest indu.stries in the Village operating over a period of78 years and giving steady employment to about 300 people, mostly women, over these years. Most all of the employees lived within walking dish"~e of the plant, which was very necessary before the automobile became so popular. 24 After the closing, a Grand Union Food Store occupied the first floor of the new wing for about three years before moving to the Dutchess and later Imperial Plaza. For about three years a coin-oper- ated laundry occupied the first floor of the older building. The entire factory buildings were sold to new owners, who rented space to others for storage and small retail operations. In the early 1900's, in order to improve the out- side appearance oftheir building, the Sweet-Orr Co. placed large tubs of palms and flowers along the roof edge of their buildings along Mill Street. The small plaza, at the front entrance to the factory, was also planted with palms and flowers -- all of which im- proved the general outside appearance of their fac- tory. The Sweet-Orr Factory was first establis'hed in 1871 on the second floor of the building above which, in 1952, was purchased by the Popper Electric Co. and remodeled for their Electrical Appliance business. - '1'-~' It .1 <'" Photo of last Sweet-Orr building taken about 1970, now under new ownership since 1958, most of which is now unoccupied. 25 . ._:;?S:,....'.- CLAYTON E. SWEET FOUNDER OF THE SWEET-ORR FACTORY ~e history of the Village would not be complete without outlining the life and history of one of its most prominent and active citizens, Mr. Clayton E. Sweet. Mr. Sweet was born in Wappingers Falls on June 16, 1834, when the Village was young and had just taken roots. His early education was obtained at the public school and at the Dutchess County Academy in Poughkeepsie. In his early years he was employed in the establishment of Levi Cook and Co. merchants on Broadway, New York City. Returning to Wappingers Falls, he entered his father's store and soon was made a partner. For years he was one of the leading businessmen ofthe Village, being in partnership at various times with J. D. Harcourt, J.R. Barlow and R.W. Nelson in the grocery and dry goods business so long identified with the Manning building, which at that time was the leading general store in the Village. Mr. Sweet was one of the first trustees of the Wappinger Savings Bank and was later a Vice Presi- dent. He was a Post Master for seven years under President Grant's administration. For many years he was a Director of the Fallkill National Bank in Poughkeepsie and a Vestryman of Zion Episcopal Church. Mr. Sweet was prominentamongthose who advo- catedand forced the construction of the new stOne bridge across the Creek in the Village and was greatly interested in the establishment and im- provement of the Wappingers Rural Cemetery. Mr. Sweet was married in 1860 to Miss Chattie Louise Manning and of their three children, two daughters survived. In 1871, in conjunction with his brother Clinton and his Uncle James Orr, he established and was senior partner in the new firm of Sweet Orr and Co., a new men's overall factory which was located on the second floor of the brick building on the corner of East and West Main Street, the history of which is related in a chapter of same. The business soon outgrew the limitations ofthe Village and Mr. Sweet moved with his family from his Prospect Street home to Newburgh, New York, where he could personally direct the new factory which he established there. So successful was their operation that branch factories were established in New Orleans; Port Jervis, New York and Joliet, Illinois. While residing in Newburgh, Mr. Sweet was a trustee of the N ewburgh Savings Bank, a Vestryman of St. George's Episcopal Church and a member of several local clubs. Mr. Sweet's wife died on May 16, 1909 and was followed by Mr. Sweet's death in his Newburgh home on June 8, 1909. His burial was in the family plot in the Wappingers Rural Cemetery THE NEW GARNER PRINT WORKS AND BLEACHERY AND FORMER PRINT SIDE cA' fter the purchase ofthe Garner Print Works in 1908, by the Deering-Milliken Co., and the comple- tion of the new Dutchess Bleachery building and hydroelectric power station on the north side of the lower Wappingers Creek, several major changes were taking place on the south side of the Creek, which had been the busy complex. Several changes had been made to the 'original brick office building on lower Market Street. Two of the large vat dye house buildings and the large twin-cylinder steam engine with its building had been torn down. This steam engine of about 2,000 horsepower occupied its own brick building and powered the machinery in several buildings by long-drive shafts, pulleys and belts. The flywheel located on the engine between the two pistons and cylinders was about fourteen feet in diameter and four-feet wide, driving a thick leather belt about three-feet wide. Large steam engines of this type were used for driving heavy machinery at the turn of the century before the age of electric drive. The new Company started to modernize the old Garner Print Works on the south side by cha.nging the locations of some ofthe calico printing machines, the color-mixing shop and finishing machines. After a few years of operations, they ceased the calico printing business due to the start of World War I in Europe in August, 1914. They leased the property and buildings to an aniline dye manufacturing com- pany. This company was the Standard Aniline Dye Company with New York City officers. This com- pany was set up to produce aniline dye products formally made in Germany which, due to the war, were not available. This new Company grew very rapidly, taking over several of the other unoccupied buildings in the complex. They employed many additional men from in and outside the Village who were attracted by the high rate of wages the Com- pany was paying for this type of work, which also brought prosperity and much business to the Vil- lage. As this chemical plant worked around the clock, the Village was very active and lots of money changed hands due to the high rate of pay. However, it had 26 several drawbacks -- one of which was the fumes and odor given offfrom the chemicals operations. In the winter, the fumes would turn the white snow a yellow color. Some of the operations could not be handled by white men as their skin would be broken out with soars and rashes, and they would have to receive treatment in the local hospital set up on the premises. For this reason, many black people were hired for these particular jobs, as they were not affected by the chemicals. Many black people were brought up from the Southern states by agents attracted by the high wages paid. The tenement houses on McKinley Street were turned into board- ing houses to accommodate these men -- all of whom returned to the south at the end of the war. Mr. Herbert Linge, a former resident of the Vil- lage and a former employee of the Gamer Print Works, who was employed in the Company's New York office, was general manager of the new Wappingers Falls Company, headed by a Dr. Wallock from the New York office. Dr. and Mrs. Wallock made their local home in the former Dr. Phinney residence on East Main Street, which was later torn ~down for the construction of the Imperial Plaza. Several Swiss and German chemists were em- ployed in a laboratory set up in the old engraving shop building ofthe old Gamer Print Works. After about two years' operation, the Standard' Aniline Company was transferred to the National Aniline and Chemical Company with the same man- agement. Several more of the old buildings and land ofthe old Garner Print Works were acquired and the business expanded. About this time, in April 1917 , the United States entered the war and chemicals for ammunition were made for this country and our allies. An incident happened one evening about 9:00 p.m. at this plant when a terrific explosion occurred blowing the roof and sides from one of the main buildings. The roof was blown high into the air and fell in a pile of wreckage over the existing equipment causing a fire and breaking steam and water pipes and electric power lines. Two men were killed due to the explosion which wa~ caused by a build-up of high pressure in one of the autoclaves. The building was rebuilt and put in operation. Prosperity and employment continued in the Vil- lage until November, 1918 when the war ended. As there were no further use for chemicals and ammu, nition, the Company gradually closed operations and dismantled the plant. Several of the original buildings had to be torn down due to the chemical operations in them. The remaining unoccupied buildings were then leased or put up for sale by the Deering-Milliken Co. A. Realty Company, headed by Mr. Russell Aldrich, purchased the brick office building on Lower Market Street and made it into a three-apartment building. They also purchased the large two-story brick building that was formally used for many years by the Gamer Print Works as the finishing and packing room. This building was leased to the Hand Prints, Inc. in 1921 for the printing of table- cloths, napkins and other linen products. This company was owned by Mr. O.K Sherwin, who lived on a large estate on Wheeler Hill Road just south of Hughsonville. This estate, named Deerfield Acres, was formally the home of Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Platt. Mr. Platt was a partner of the industrial firm of Adrianco-Platt Co. in Poughkeepsie. when Mr. Sherwin died the Hand Print Co. was discontinued after operating for several years. In the late 1930's the P.V.M. Corp. from New Jersey took over the two large brick store house buildings and the first floor of the former Packing Room building and established a new cloth-dyeing business. The initials P.V.M. represents Payet, Volta & Miller -- the three officials ofthe Company. Mr. Payet was the manager for dyeing the cloth. Mr. Volta was the manager for finishing, and Mr. Miller was superintendent. This company did a large textile vat and gig dyeing business -- employing about 75 people. It continued operations until after World War II when it ceased operations and moved the machinery to New Jersey. These three buildings and several other vacant buildings were taken over by a company from Bea- con, New York, named the Three Star AnodizingCo., Inc. Mr. Samuel Ianone, who resides in Beacon, is the owner and General Manager. The business specializes in the weatherproof fin- ish of aluminum products such as ornamental utility lights and flagpoles. It also produces and has the patents for copper-plating stainless steel tubing in order that it could be used and soldered to copper tubing fittings for use in the plumbing industry. In the early 1960's a separate branch department was set up in one of the Three Star Anodizing buildings for the plating and finishing of parts for the IBM Corp. This operation continued for about five years when it was discontinued. The Three Star Anodizing Co. eventually pur- chased and took over all the buildings and land previously owned by the Garner Print Works and Bleachery on the south side ofthe lower Wappingers Creek and which was the former site of the original and industrious Garner Print Works. About 1963 the Three Star Anodizing Co. con- structed a new one-story concrete brick building where once stood the large coal shed of the Gamer Prin t Works, along the south side of the lower Creek. It was first occupied by Axton-Cross Company, a 27 manufacturer and distributor of chemical products. It was later divided into two sections after the above company leased the western end of the build- ingto Float Co. Corp., a manufacturer of gymnasium mattresses. Later, the western end of the building was remod- eled for the Marine Midland National Bank of South- eastern N ew York a~ a warehouse and supply depot for printed matter and bank forms, to supply their system of banks throughout the area. During this period several small factories were located in the former old boiler house building, each of short duration. One was Cal-Cod Co. of McCoy Laboratories, who manufactured cod liver oil pills. After a few years, they were replaced by the John L. Rie Co., a plastic manufacturer in 1921. This com- pany was succeeded by a felt hat manufacturer. . In 1938 the Davis Box Toe Co. started the manu- facture of leather products for shoes under the su- pervision of its president, Mr. Michael Karet. In 1955 this Company moved their factory to property they had purchased in Beacon, New York. In the 1960's Mr. John Woodside purchased the building east of the steel bridge and bordering the Creek, which was originally a vat-dye house and later manufactured a varnish cambric-electrical tape. He established a printing business under the name of Page Print Inc., for the printing of construction sheets and manuals, mostly for the IBM Corp. and is still in operation. From the year 1908 to the present time of 1978, a period of seventy years, the once prosperous south or Print Side of the old Garner Print Works has had many changes. In seventy years this property has witnessed the establishment of about 17 different manufacturing companies -- each employing, at the most, about twenty-five to fifty people with the exception ofthe national Aniline and Chemical Co., which employed perhaps 400 people, compared to the old Garner Print Works, employing over 1,200 people in its 78 years of existence. The average life ofthese small plants was about ten years each. Picture was taken in 1909 showing the demolition of many of the old brick buildings that had been removed from the north side of the old Garner Print Works for the erection of the new four-story brick building for the new Garner Print Works and Bleachery. 28 ,. Dutchess Bleachery complex THE NEW DUTCHESS BLEACHERY During the following winter after the purchase in 1908 ofthe old Garner Print Works complex, the new owner planned to demolish several of the old brick buildings on the north side of the Creek for the erection of a new building to be known as the Dutchess Bleachery. On the south side of the Creek, where the once active printing and dyeing complex was brought to a halt the previous fall, the new company started dismantling and destroying the large steam en- gines, boilers and other machinery and several of the large brick factory buildings. The new Garner Manager was Mr. Charles Fish and the Superintendent of Construction was Mr. John W. MacDonald, both of whom were from the New England states. . Mr. MacDonald moved to Wappingers Falls with his family and held the position with the Bleachery for many years until his retirement. He was active in the affairs of the Village and was elected Village Mayor for several terms. These men brought with them many skilled mechanics such as machinists, carpenters, masons, pipe fitters and painters, several of which made their homes in the Village. A drafting and engineering office was set up in the old engraving ship buildings where plans were I drawn up for the new construction. The new owners planned to change the power supply from the old stearn age with its huge batteries of steam boilers and engines with their long line of pulleys, belts and shafting to me new electric age of motors and direct drive machines. As no electric power was available with the excep- tion of the small municipal plant located on the Creek Road, the new company planned to build a new hydroelectric plant in one ofthe old buildings on the north side of the Creek at tidewater to take advantage of the water power available from the Wappingers Lake. The supervising of this new power plant was under the direction of Mr. Lester McKenna, an electrical engineer, also from the New England area. Mr. McKenna was also in charge of the electrification for the new bleachery buildings. . This old building formally used as a vat dye house for the dyeing of cloth was remodeled for the power plant in which a 2000 horsepower water turbine with a 1200 K V.A General Electric generator and a 500 horsepower water turbine with a 300 K V.A General Electric generator were located together with a General Electric switchboard. The plant was attended by three operators, each working an eight- hour shift, each day, on a twenty-four hour basis. The water power for driving the two turbines was furnished from the Wappingers Lake by a nine-foot steel flume or pipe extending from the set of water gates at the Lake on the east side of the gorge, through the stone East Main Street bridge, crossing the gorge on a steel bridge above the Falls and 29 --" continuing down the west bank of the gorge into the power plant. This waster produced a pressure of27 pounds per square inch at the turbines. The construction ofthe electric generating plant and the nine-foot steel flume leading to it from the lake was, no doubt, the largest engineering and constructionjob ever carried on in the Village. It was also the introduction of the use of concrete for foun- dations and piers as all previous work of this type was done with native stone or brick masonry con- struction. All the concrete required for supporting the flume, bridge piers, dam and gate construction was mixed on the job sites by a portable steam- driven concrete mixer. All sand crushed stone and cement was hauled by horses and dump carts to the mixer site from barges in the lower Creek. For assembly of the steel sections of the steel bridge, which was to carry the steel flume over the Creek just below the Falls and for the assembly of the 1/2 inch thick steel, 180 degree sections of the flume into the completed sections, the contractor removed the old remaining first floor of the old Hyper Mill on Givens Avenue. A large wooden platform was assembled on the remaining founda- tion on which the above steel was assembled. A large rotating derrick operated by a stearn-driven hoist- ing engine was used to assemble the sections of the bridge and flume and lower them to positions for further assembly along the banks of the Creek. A fatal accident occurred on July 29,1909 when, in the lowering of a complete side section of the steel bridge to its final location on the concrete pier, one of the steel guy cables on the mast of the derrick broke loose from its attachment allowing the com- plete derrick and part ofthe steel bridge to fall into the Creek gorge. This allowed the derrick mast to ..J .' ~'i. This photo taken about 1911 of some of the members of the Dutchess Textile Association who had a part in the construction and operation of the new Gamer Print Works and Bleachery from 1909 to 1911 are left front row, Jacob Hasbrouck, paymaster; Arthur Dunwoodie, bookkeeper; Harvey Pollock, bookkeeper; Albert Hibbert, shipping clerk; Patrick McGinnis, pipe installation; Lester McKenney, electrical engineer; James Handley, foreman of grey-room; Thomas Kirkman, foreman of Bleachery; Parker Blythe, timekeeper; Top row left: Patrick Macklin, yardmaster; Alfred Brown, foreman of masons; Heber Mills, foreman of painting; John W. MacDonald, Chief Engineer of construction; Thomas McTaggert, foreman of construction; Fred Sadler, foreman of Carpenter Shop; Edward O'Brien, draftsman; William Sanders, foreman of machine shop; Roland Blythe, housing supervisor; Clarence Ray, Boss Machinist. The new bleachery building is in the background. 30 , ~ I; t, ~: ;!) ~~ ~ -~ 1 J ~- tr J ~. ~, ~- swing around suddenly, pinning the operator of the hoist engine against this machine and crushing him to death. Mr. Fish, the general manager, who was observ- ing the operations near the hoist engine of lowering the bridge section, was also pinned against the engine but not killed. His face and body were badly scalded with escaping steam from the damaged hoist engine and boiler, and he was hospitalized for several months. The operator who was killed was Mr. William Henderson, who resided on Park Av- enue and was the father of Miss Florence Henderson and another daughter, who operated the Henderson Women's Apparel Shop in the Grinnell Library build- ing for many years. The steel bridge was supported on the west bank by a concrete pier formed by removing the roof of the adjacent brick building at the rear ofthe old Hyper Mill ruins which was used as the housing for the large water wheel. The interior was entirely filled with concrete and may be viewed today. The east pier was constructed on a ledge of rock at the base of the Falls by constructing concrete forms with two arches and filling the forms with concrete. The flume crossed East Main Street underground through the east support ofthe stone bridge and was encased in concrete. A new set of hand operated water gates was installed at the Lake end of the old waterracewayfor control ofthe Lake water entering the raceway and flume. A new concrete bulkhead was installed at the south end of the raceway replacing the old wooden water gates used by the former Garner Print Works to which the flume terminated. A few months after this new hydroelectric plant was in operation, the Dutchess Bleachery Company, in 1910, purchased the small municipal steam oper- ated power plant located on the Creek Road from the Village and transferred all operations of supplying twenty-four hour electric service and street lighting to the new hydroelectric plant. This decision was of great value to the Village residents and businesses for the new twenty-four hour and plentiful electric service. The stores coul.d now have electric meat choppers, coffee grinders, water pumps, electric heat- ers and fans, and families could use their electric irons and toasters. The several churches were able to change over from the old gas lighting systems to the new electric lighting systems and were able to install an electric operation ofthe organ blowers in place of the old hand-operated bellows. After the change over, the small power plant in the Creek Road was closed down and later dis- mantled. The newest of the two steam generators which was 100 K V.A. capacity was moved to a building adjoining the new power station and was to ~ ~ .'. ~}i' ~ ~- be used in emergencies for short periods for making minor repairs to the hydro system. Steam power was supplied from the Bleachery boiler plants. This flume and hydroelectric power station were used continuously from 1910 until 1955 to supply electricity for the Dutchess Bleachery. From 1955, when it was purchased by the new owners until about 1970, it continued generating electric power of about 1500 K.V.A. which was sold under contract to the Central Hudson Gas and Electric Co. of Poughkeepsie, New York. Due to a malfunction in the plant, this contract was discontinued and as there were no immediate uses for the electric power, the power plant was closed down. A few weeks later, the entire contents of the power plant including generators, turbines, control equipment and switch- boards were destroyed and sold for junk. About 1913 it was found that during the summer months or a drought .that sufficient water power from the Lake was not available to meet the electri- cal demand and other means would have to be provided to meet this condition. A new General Electric steam turbine generator of 600 K V.A. ca- pacity was purchased and installed in the large remaining boiler house on the south side of the Creek. It was connected by heavy overhead copper cables crossing the Creek to the hydroelectric plant . and was used only when there was a shortage of water. At this time Mr. Orville M. Whitehouse, an elec- trical engineer from Waterville, Maine, was the superintendent in charge of all electrical operations in the New Dutchess Bleachery succeeding Mr. Lester McKenna, who had left the Company for another position. More information on this hydroelectric power plant is covered in the chapter on "Utilities". As construction progressed on the new hydroelec- tric power station and flume, construction was also progressing rapidly on the new Bleachery building on the north bank of the Creek just south of the power plant. As construction of this huge brick building was to be built on filled-in ground, the concrete foundation was built on a series of wood piles driven into the earth to meet solid rock. On this foundation was erected the four-story solid brick walls and flat roof of the new Bleachery complex. Access to the four floors was by way of two fireproof iron and brick stairways. Materials were handled by two large freight elevators. The three upper floors were supported by 16-inch North Caro- lin a yellow pine timbers supported on steel columns. The rough flooring was of four-inch tongue and groove North Carolina yellow pine timbers covered with a one-inch hard maple finished floor. Construc- tion was ofthe best as it had to carry the heavy loads 31 and movement of machinery and finished products. An automatic sprinkler system was installed throughout for fire protection. All of the brick walls contained the best hard brick and cement and were erected under the super- vision of Mr. Alfred Brown. The carpenter work was under the supervision of Mr. Fred Sadler, both of whom were natives of the Village and former super- visors of similar work in the old Garner Print Works. After 68 years of hard service, this building is in excellent condition. Mr. John W. MacDonald was the general superintendent of all construction. The building was completely wired for electric lights and power, connected to the new hydroelectric power station by overhead power cables, under the super- vision of Mr. William L. Shrader, with Mr. Lester McKenna as engineering supervisor. The power supplied was three-phase, 60 cycle, 600 volt AC. direct from the generators through the large switch- board at the power station. A few years later, a large three-story brick store- house building was erected near the south side of the center Bleachery building and the lower Creek. A new coal-fired boiler house with automatic stokers and a new round, brick chimney about 200 feet high was erectedjust west ofthe new Bleachery buildings to supply steam for heating and manufacturing purposes. During the 1940's fuel oil replaced the bitumi- nous coal for firing the boilers. Several large oil storage tanks were erected near the lower Creek to store the oil which was brought by oil barges by way of the Hudson River and lower Wappingers Creek from the refineries. To operate and maintain a manufacturing com- plex ofthissize also required a machine, blacksmith, carpenter, pipe and electrical shops with skilled help in several of the older and original buildings. After completion ofthe new Bleachery complex in 1910, production started with Mr. Charles Meeker as General Superintendent. Mr. and Mrs. Meeker, who also came from the New England states, made their residence in the large remodeled house for- mally owned by Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Clapp on upper Henry Street, which was purchased by the former Garner Print Works after Mr. Clapp's death. Rough grey cloth was received from the mills in bales to be bleached, processed and finished for further disposition. The ends ofthe cloth would be sewn together forming a long strip, perhaps several hundred yards in length. It first went through the singe department to remove all fuzz and thread ends. It would then pass through pot eyes to the bleach department where it was washed through rollers and then entered the large steel kiers where it was boiled and treated with lime and other chemi- cals to whiten the cloth. It was again washed through huge wooden wringer rolls and sent to the finishing department where it was starched, collandered, tauted and finished on dry cans to a pure white finish. The finished cloth of different lengths was sent to the packing department where it was cut to proper length, examined and packed for shipping. On the two upper floors of the west end of the building, the Company established a separate de- partment called Dept. 10 for the manufacture of sheets and pillowcases. They employed perhaps 200 employees, mostly women, as operators of sewing machines for sewing and hemming the sheets and pillowcases, the ironing and finishing work on the mangle machine, packing and shipping. This department, originally set-up and super- vised by a Mr. Moore, was later taken over and supervised for many years until the Bleachery was sold by Mr. Anthony (Hap) HoolIhan, a native of the Village. This Department No. 10 was a thriving and busy addition to the Bleachery Company for over forty- five years and consumed thousands of yards of bleached cloth produced by the company each year in the manufacture of sheets and pillowcases. Several years later, the Dutchess Bleachery es- tablished a gig dye department in the basement of No.1 building for the dyeing of cloth. They also built a waterfiItration plant in one ofthe old boiler houses for the filtration of bleaching of cloth. This plant was to remove the sand and grit from the raw lake water especially during the spring floods. In the early years of production, about 1912, the wages were low for a sixty-hour work week, averag- ing about ten to twelve dollars per week for common labor. Mechanics and electricians received about $2.50 per day. Workers started at 6:20 a.m. taking one hour for lunch and quitting time was 6:00 p.m. There was no overtime pay except for Sunday work. Mr. Meeker was succeeded, after a few years, by Mr. Henry McCusker, also from the New England states who, with his large family of grown sons and a daughter, moved to the Village and was the new General Manager. Three of his eldest sons who were experienced in e textile business assumed positions as supervisors of the bleaching and finishing depart- ments. Mr. and Mrs. McCusker and other members of the family occupied the brick residence on lower Market Street which had been formally occupied by the two Bogle families, previous to 1910 during the Garner Print Works ownership. A few years later Mr. McCusker was succeeded by Mr. Herbert C. Hess as Manager who came to Wappingers Falls with his new bride. They occupied the Bleachery Manager's residence which had been 32 the Benjamin Clapp home on upper Henry Street. With the start of the First World War in 1914, the business and profits increased rapidly due to the war trade. The Bleachery Company established a partnership plan with all their employees which was to be administered by an elected bo8;rd of trustees composed of both management and employees. The profits were divided with the employees for several years and notable working conditions improved. Increased wages and shorter working hours per day were granted at which time was the beginning and pattern of the escalation of wages through the coun- try today. The Bleachery Company also improved the many employee-occupied houses which they owned throughout the Village. They installed new bath- rooms with pure running water and sewer connec- tions to the new sewer and water system that was recently completed throughout the Village. The houses were also wired for electric lights and service throughout, replacing the kerosene oil lamps used for so many years. A few years later these houses were put in the market for sale to the employee- 1 tenant and eventually all their houses were sold at very reasonable prices. A few years after the conclusion of World War I, the profits of the Bleachery Company became less, due largely to increased competition, and the part- nership plan was discontinued. When the Dutchess Bleachery was established in the Village in 1909, Mr. Winfield S. Beasley carne to the Village from Millville, Massachusetts to accept a position as Office Manager for the new Company. He held this position until the early 1920's when he was appointed General Manager of the Company, replacing the former Manager, Mr. Herbert C. Hess, who left the Company. In 1920 he married Miss Elizabeth Baxter, the daughter of William Baxter, a prominent physician who had his office and home on Andrew Place and where Mr. and Mrs. Beasley also resided. Mr. Beasley was General Manager of the plant only a few years when, in 1927, he resigned his position and with his brother, Dorald, opened a real estate and insurance business in the Grinnell Li- brary building for a period of fifteen years. ~~ __~ """,,.._~_4"'i!:;:;;""_" ~f!!.:~ i ~...- ~ o .~~~.."" I I .. "q On September 22, 1938, due to a local hurricane, waters of the Wappingers Creek over-ran its banks. ", At the left is the hydroelectric power plant of the Dutchess Bleachery which was not damaged; and on the right, the building now occupied by the Page Print Co., which was part of the Garner Print Works 33 GRINNELL LIBRARY 26 EI.\ST !\i STR' E-ET , \ '-- i I \, ,~ , I WAPPli,'cr-ns ", ~j V .i\J,.]t.n" ,'1' P.I. ... "~::JO Mr. Beasley was succeeded as General Manager in 1927 by Mr. Henry M. Burke who carne to the Village from North Dighton, Massachusetts, with his wife and family of several children, and pur- chased the former Benjamin Clapp historical house on upper Henry Street from the Dutchess Bleachery. The Burkes made many improvements to this house by the addition of a two-story colonial square pillared porch across the front of the house. Many alter- ations were made to the interior. A large green hedge enclosed the entire property, consisting of several acres of landscaped grounds. This home is one of the oldest and most historical places in the Village, being built in 1824 for the Goelet family and later purchased by Benjamin Clapp, who occupied it for several years until his death. Mr. Burke was General Manger of the plant during the Second World War when, again, it was a very busy plant due to the War operation. Mr. Burke retired from this position in 1953 and moved to an old colonial house at Twin Hills on the Spackenkill Road near Poughkeepsie. During Mr. Burke's man- agership, th e Dutchess Bleachery was renamed and known as the Lockwood Dutchess Company. On Mr. Burke's retirement after more than 25 years of service, he was succeeded by Mr. A. Durfee Damon who was an assistant manager in the plant and a resident of the Village. In 1955 the stockholders ofthe Lockwood Dutchess Company authorized the directors to liquidate a, Waterville, Maine plant and the Wappingers Falls Bleachery as a going concern. After this and several other plans failed, it was decided to close down operations of the Dutchess Bleachery and sell the buildings and real estate. They were purchased by the B.N. & A. Co. by Mr. Norman Kanor. This suspension of operations of the plant re- sulted in the lay-oft's of about 700 employees who had to obtain work elsewhere. From the completion of the New Bleachery complex in 1910 until its closing in 1955, for a period of 45 years, it was always busy and gave steady employment to about 800 employees living in the Village within walking dis- tance from the plant. B.N. & A REALTY CO. ~e B.N. & A. Realty Co. purchase of the Lockwood Dutchess Company Bleachery complex included the four main brick buildings, the machine shop building, the hydroelectric power plant with its nine-foot flume, and Wappingers Lake with its wa- ter rights. It also included the property on the north side of the lower Wappingers Creek. This company continued the operation of the hydroelectric power plant, selling the full capacity of electric energy of about 2,000 horsepower to the Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp. utility under contract. A malfunction occurred between the two inter-connecting systems and the contract was can- celled, with the result that there was no other outlet for the electric power that could be generated. The entire power plant was inactivated and, in 1975, was destroyed and its copper and steel sold for junk, with the exception of the steel penstock assembly which is unused and rusting away. All of the machinery used by the Dutchess Bleachery had been sold and removed from the buildings, and the vacant space was rented and occupied by several small companies. The Texicrafters, Inc., who originally had a similar plant named Hand Prints, Inc., in one of the buildings of the old Garner Print Works on the south side;took over the entire top or fourth floor and a section ofthe rear second floor for their operation under the man- agement of Mr. Michael Ryan, who resided in Poughkeepsie. Their main operation was the print- ing of tablecloths, napkins and other textiles by hand using silk screens on long tables, the length of the room, which was about 500 feet. Each screen represented a design and color to be imprinted on the textiles which had to be then washed, textured, finished and prepared for shipment. This plant ceased operations in the late 1960's. The Kemp and Beatley Co., Inc., who had their offices and textile factory in New YorkCity for sev- eral years, decided to relocate their factory from the City to Wappingers Falls in 1960. They contracted to take over the entire third floor of the complex for the manufacture of finished tablecloths, linen nap- kins, towel sets and other finished textile goods. About one-half of the employees were women who operated sewing and finishing machines and did the packing. Mr. Seymour Gardstein ofthe New York office is the General Manager, and Mr. Harold Hicks, a local man, and at one time manager of the local Sweet Orr plant, is local manager. This plant, which has been very successful, has since taken over two additional floors of an adjoining former storehouse building as was still operating in 1978. In the early 1960's a textile plant named the Stampa-Seta Co., Inc. moved from New Jersey and' occupied most of the second floor of the complex. They were also in the textile printing and finishing business, operating for about a year, but due to financial trouble, the business was discontinued. The machinery was removed and the space was taken over as a storage and supply depot by the IBM Corporation. About this time a firm named the United Repro- 34 1 -' ductions, who were located at Red Oaks Mill in Dutchess County, New York, occupied a small sec- tion of the second floor of the east end building. It was engaged in blue print work, mostly for IBM. After a few years, they moved to another out-of-town location, due to lack of space. Directly under United Reproductions, on the basement floor, a small com- pany which manufactured decorative portable elec- tric lamps was located. This business had a short life of a couple years and eventually closed. In the late 1970's the old two-story brick building, which was used for years by the Dutchess Bleachery as a carpenter and machine shop, was leased to a metal finishing shop operated by Mr. Frank Wojcik. The business was set-up to manufacture and finish parts for computers which were produced by a new computer company located in the new building on All Angels Road, just north of Myers Corners Road. After a few years of operation, the computer com- pany closed down which, in turn, affected the Wojcik operation, which has since ceased operations. This building is now used for the construction of small boats. . On March 1, 1967 the B.N. & A. Realty Co. sold the Wappingers Lake with water rights and the dam and penstock to the Village ofWappingers Falls with the understanding that the Village would have full control of the lake water and penstock after a ten- year period which would be March 1, 1977. The B.N. & A Realty Co. still owns and controls all of the buildings and land on he north side of the Creek with the exception ofthe Wappingers Lake, as noted above. THE WAPPINGERS LAKE men the first settlers came to the Falls, they found immense possibilities from the upper Wappingers Creek and the Falls to operate their saw and grist mills. The lower Wappingers Creek, with its tide water ending just below the Falls, afforded a means of transportation by boat to the Hudson River, a distance of aboul two miles. As there was a drop of about 60 feet at the Falls between the upper and the lower Wappingers Creek, this fact created great possibilities of water power to operate water wheels for the production of power. Several saw mills for the production of lumber, which was in great demand for the construction of new homes, was erected around the east bank of the Falls. Several flour mills and two factory buildings were also constructed on the two Creek banks adja- cent to the Falls. Feeding the waterfalls was the upper Wappingers Creek, originating above Pleasan t Valley in Dutchess County. Flowing in a southern direction in a chan- nel about thirty miles to the Falls, it emptied into the lower Wappingers Creek and the Hudson River. After Mr. Benjamin Clapp erected the Clinton Mill on the east bank of the Creek, he found that during the summer or dry months of the year, there was an insufficient amount of water flowing down the upper Creek to operate the water wheels at the Mill. Just above the Mill location, there were hundreds of acres of low lying land on both sides of the creek channel that were only flooded during the raining or winter seasons. Mr. Clapp saw great possibilities of constructing a dam across the Creek at a point just west oflower High Street to impound and store the Creek water and flooding the low lying lands. In 1840 Mr. Clapp constructed the first dam and cre- ated the Wappingers :Falls Lake. From a map of 1867, this dam was not con- structed straight across the Creek. It was built with a 90 degree angle about two-thirds distance from the east shore. The dam impounded enough water to operate the mills during working hours and storing water during idle hours. Around the last quarter ofthe 19th century, the Garner Print Works was buying up acreage on both . sides ofthe Creek and Lake for the water rights and water supply. This company erected a new stone masonry dam about twelve feet high in a straight line across the Creek in the front of the old dam location which would impound a greater supply of water and cover more land, forming the Lake as we see it today. At the east bank of the dam was constructed a bulkhead of stone masonry with a set of water gates for controlling the flow of water to the Falls. In front of the dam in the southerly direction was the large west tributary which carried down stream the water which spilled over the dam. In front or south of the bulkhead was the small east tributary which formed a small rock island just north of the stone bridge. Two heavy parallel stone masonry walls with earth filled in between were built along the west side of the small east tributary for about 800 feet. At the end ofthis was constructed another bulkhead with a set of water gates for controlling the water to the Falls, and later in 1909 to the nine-foot penstock. This stretch ofimpounded water was known as the Raceway. In 1909, when the present nine-foot steel pen- stock was installed for the new Dutchess Bleachery Power Plant, it terminated in an enlarged concrete bulkhead with a water gate replacing the old water gates at the south end of the Raceway. The water in the raceway was about twelve feet deep. 35 The masonry dam constructed across the Wappingers Creek creating the Wappingers Lake, which was owned and controlled by the Dutchess or Garner Print Works and its successors from 1840 until 1957, when it was purchased by the Village. The first dam was erected by Benjamin Clapp in 1840 for his mills near the Falls. Around 1867, on the island formed by the race- way and west tributary of the Creek, was con- structed two large wooden factory buildings -- one used as a machine shop and the other for the manu- facture of combs. Water power was obtained from the raceway. These two buildings were later used by the Garner Print Works as a carpentry shop for the repairs on their several hundred employees' homes. Their use was discontinued in 1910 and one night a few years later, the buildings were destroyed by fire of unknown origin. About 1914 the Dutchess Bleachery raised the height ofthe dam about two feet by the construction of a wooden addition across the top of the dam to impound more lake water for more production of electric power in their new hydroelectric station. A water height gauge marked off in inches was in- stalled close to the dam. Readings were taken off the gauge and recorded each morning to determine the height oflake water going to waste over the dam or whether too much water was being used. The dam with its bulkhead and water gates and the raceway have been in constant use since its construction in the last quarter of the 19th century, or over 100 years. However, the water in the race- way has been closed off since 1973 due to the closing of the hydroelectric plant. Since then, a section of the west wall of the raceway has been deteriorated and washed out and is not usable until it can be replaced. The inspiration of Mr. Clapp as an early settler in 1840 for the creation of the man-made Wappingers Lake has served the Village ofWappingers Falls and vicinity for the past 137 years as a source of water power, recreation and commercial purposes. During the later part of the 19th century a two- story wood frame building was constructed on the east side of the lake between the termination of Mill Street and Spring Street on the first floor of which was located a creamery operation. The second floor was occupied as an apartment. Adjacent to the creamery building was a large ice house in which were stored cakes of ice harvested from the Wappingers Lake in winter, and used for cooling the milk products in the summer. The creamery pro- cessed the milk that was produced by the farmers in the surrounding farms into butter, cream and other milk products, for customer use. A large barn to house the creamery truck and horses was located just south of the creamery on Spring Street and was destroyed by fire about 1905. The creamery was closed and discontinued about 1910, and the ice house was taken over by Mr. Achilles Napoleon for ice service. About 1915 the first floor of the creamery was taken over by the Schuer Pearl Button Co. for the 36 manufacture of pearl buttons from large fish shells imported from Mrica. After a few years of operation, employing perhaps twenty employees, the factory was closed. From the early years to about 1920, the Lake supplied large quantities ofice each winter for stor- age in the several ice houses for use in the homes, dairies and butcher shops during the summer months. Large ice storage houses were located at O'Farrell's Point in the cove and at the foot of Mill Street. The two largest houses owned by John O'Farrell were at the foot of Spring Street, where each winter the ice cakes would be raised from the lake to the sliding ramps for entry into the ice houses by a steam driven tractor, hired each winter from a local farmer. At the other ice houses, the ice cakes were hoisted into them by an outside elevator oper- ated by horsepower. The ice harvest each winter provided work for many men who were temporarily out of work from their regular jobs, due to the weather. When electric service became available in 1914, the electric motor power replaced the steam tractor arid horses for the .hoisting operation. The O'Farrell ice houses and business were sold about 1914 to Mr. George M. Currie, a new resident of the Village who established delivery service of ice throughout the Village. As the winter climate was becoming warmer, it became harder to harvest the natural lake ice. Mr. Currie was the first person to install a manufactured ice plant on Spring Street in the Village. This business was later sold to Mr. Thomas Judson from Beacon, New York. Mr. Currie then established, with a Mr. Bahret, a manufac- tured ice and fuel oil business in Poughkeepsie under the name ofthe Bacu Co. The annual harvest- ing of ice on the lake became a thing of the past when electric refrigeration was introduced in he 1920's for commercial and household use. During the existence of Wappingers Lake, it afforded the inhabitants of the Village much plea- sure before the popularity of the automobile. Row- boats could be rented for twenty cents per hour at the foot of Mill Streets for fisping, pleasure, or going to the several swimming and diving spots along the shores of the Lake, which extended about two miles to the upper Little Falls. In winter when the Lake froze over sufficiently thick, hundreds of young and old people alike could be seen skating and playing games on the lake ice. Many of the adults who worked all day could be seen on dark and moonlit nights skating the length of the lake. Around 1908 Mr. Albert Brower, who operated a large farm near the Village on the New Hamburg Road and also a grocery store on Market Street, established an outdoor recreation center just above the upper Little Falls. Bath houses were available for bathing in Little Falls and refreshment stands and tables for refreshments were provided. Base- ball and other sportswere provided for the men. A large motor boat to carry passengers between the dock at Lower Mill Street and the Little Falls Park was operated on weekends and holidays at a charge. The Wappingers Lake was under the ownership of the Gamer Print Works for about 60 years until 1908, when it was sold to the Deering-Milliken Co. under the name of the Gamer Print Works and Bleachery. When this company ceased operations in 1955, the lake and water rights were purchased by the B.N. & A Realty Co., which continued the use of the water power until 1974. During the early 1960's, the Wappingers Lake was offered for sale to the Village of Wappingers Falls by the B.N. & A Realty Co. The people ofthe Village and the Village Board of Trustees became very interested in the purchase of the Lake for recreational purposes and also because it was as- sumed that the Village water supply wells were dependent on the lake water. It was decided that the voters ofthe Village should decide on the purchase. After a vote of almost two to one, or 452 votes for the purchase and 258 votes against the purchase, nego- tiations were set in motion to purchase the Lake and . water rights at a price of $100,000 from the B.N. & A Realty Co., with the clause that the seller would have the free use of the lake water for the generation of electric power for a ten-year period from date of purchase by the Village. Negotiations were made with N ew York State for state aid toward the purchase on account of recre- ational purposes. On March 1, 1967 the Lake was purchased by the Village and the State of New York for the sum of $100,000, with the Village paying $25,000 and the state paying $75,000. The water rights agreement has since expired. The dam, lake, raceway and the nine-foot penstock with overhead steel bridge are now owned and con- trolled by the Village ofW appingers Falls. Mr. Peter C. Furnari, who was Village Mayor during the nego- tiations, had an active part in the purchase. Since the Lake was purchased, nothing has been done to improve the dam and lake. Over the many years, the Lake has been gradually filling up with silt and mud washed downstream during the high water flooding each year. Vegetation growth, such as eel-grass, covers most of the shallow water and acts as an impediment to fishing and boating. It is hoped that the Village will find the ways and financ- ingto correct this condition and bring the Lake back to its former state. 37 The new and present Wappingers Falls Post Offzce built in 1940 on the corner of South Avenue and East Main Street. THE WAPPINGERS FALLS POST OFFICES ~ere was little or no postal service ~or the citizens ofthe Village until 1824, when a Post Office was set up and maintained by a Mr. Francher in Middlebush, a small settlement just southeast of the Village. This location was very inconvenient to the Village people. With the change of administration in Washing- ton, D.C., a new Post Master would be appointed and the location of the Post Office changed from one location to another. During the early days, the name of the local Post Office was the Wappingers Creek Post Office. During President Zachary Taylor's administra- tion, the Senate gave official approval to change the name to the Wappingers Falls Post Office. This change was made in 1847 when Mr. Clayton E. Sweet was the first Post Master for seven years. The first Post Office was located in the Dawson General and Grocery Store located on the west side of Market Street opposite Franklin Street. During the year 1867 Mr. John W. Dakin was appointed the local Post Master. The Post Office was located in his newspaper and tobacco store located on lower West Main Street in what is now known as the Menconeri Building. Several years later near the turn of the 19th century, a much larger Post Office was established across West Main Street to the right side of the Roy Drug Store building at the southwest corner of the stone bridge. The Post Master was Mr. John Heald. Again in 1910, under a new change ofadministra- tion, a new Post Master was appointed by.the name of Myatt E. Goring, who also had owned and oper- ated Goring's Pharmacy in the Goring Building on East Main Street. The Post Office was moved from the Roy Building on West Main Street to a new location to a store to the right of the Goring Phar- macy, which had been occupied for many years by the George H. Angel Womens Apparel Shop. Under the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration, Mr. Joseph P. Eagan was appointed the PostMaster. Again, the Post Office was moved from the Goring Building on East Main Street to the Morettoni Build- ing on West Main Street. Mr. Eagan was a promi- nent Democratic leader in the Village, and was a partner in the general contracting firm of McCafferty and Eagan. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had a great interest in the cities and villages of Dutchess County, as he was born in his family's mansion in Hyde Park, New York. As President of the United States he decided to build new permanent post office buildings of colonial stone construction in the Villages of Rhinebeck, Hyde Park, Wappingers Falls, and the 38 I I ~ cities of Beacon and Poughkeepsie. In 1940 the present colonial stone post office building was erected at the corner of East Main Street and South Avenue, replacing the two-story brick building erected by Dr. Thomas K Cruse several years before on the land formerly owned by the Mesier family. With its high pitched slate roof, two large brick chimneys, small glass paned win- dows and colonial front entrance, this building is an outstanding example of colonial architecture and adds a lot of prestige to the already colonial section of the Village. In the main lobby of the Post Office in the two upper end gables, there are two large murals painted by Mr. Henry Billings, the details of which were copied from paintings made by Mr. Clinton W. Clapp. One mural shows the Falls and gorge as they ap- peared in the 1780's. The other mural depicts the mill which was built near the Falls. Standing on a large flat rock near the mill are Peter Mesier and the Marquis of Chastellux, a French traveller who was taken by the beauty of the Falls. Mr. Joseph Eagan continued as the Post Master ofthis new Post Office building. The Post Office was transferred to here from its former location on the west side of the bridge. There was no outside delivery service and all mails and other transactions had to be made in the Post Office lobby. However, for many years previous, a rural free delivery service was established throughout the United States for the pick-up and delivery of mail to all rural areas outside the cities and villages by appointed carriers who furnished their own transportation. In July 1954 the Wappingers Falls Post Office was made a first class Post Office, and mail was delivered for the first time each working day to homes and businesses throughout the Village by three letter carriers. The rural routes were covered by three rural carriers in small special delivery cars. Mr. Eagan was succeeded after the Roosevelt administration by Mr. R. Malcom Hunter, who had been an office manager for many years at the Lockwood- Dutchess Bleachery complex until its clos- ing. Mr. Hunter was succeeded by Mr. Edwin Hinzmann who is Post Master at the present time. Since the turn of the last century the Wappingers Falls Post Office has grown from five employees to around forty employees, due to increased use of the mails and an increase in the population and building construction of homes and apartment complexes around the outside of the Village. In 1976 the U.S. Postal Service leased a large building formerly occupied by the Grand Way Co. in the Imperial Plaza on the outskirts of the Village, which was remodeled for a mail transfer station to replace one formerly in the Poughkeepsie Township. A great bulk of the business which was handled by the local Wappingers Falls Post Office was trans- ferred to this new office building. All the rural and local carriers and most of the employees were also transferred to the new control office. The once very busy and attractive Post Office building in the cen- tral part of the Village is now being operated by a few employees as a local office for the Village residences and businesses. In the early days, the mail was delivered to the villages and cities by horseback or horse-drawn stage coaches. When the railroads began expanding over the country, they took over the mail transpor- tation service. The Village was about two miles from the railroad station in New Hamburg so the bags of mail had to be transported several times a day to and from these two points. This transportation was contracted out by the Postal Service to local stable operators. Mr. Frank P. Doxey and a Mr. Jasinski, who operated horse-drawn stages every day for transporting passengers both ways between the Village and New Hamburg to meet the passenger trains and boats, rendered this service for many years, through all kinds of weather. In later years, the bulk mail bags were delivered by large mail trucks operating between all the Post Offices. PUBLIC UTILITIES THE FIRST GAS MANUFACTURING PLANT dt the end of the nineteenth century, the Village had few public utilities. There was no sewer or pure water systems, and all toilet facilities were provided by outdoor toilet houses located in the rear yards. The kitchen sink water was disposed of in a cess pool in the yard. Water for drinking and cooking was carried in pails from the public water pumps located on several' streets or from private wells located in other residents' yards. The early settlers in the 1800's had to carry their water from water springs located on the large estates of Dr. Remsen, Benjamin Clapp, Peter Mesier, Lower Market Street and the Dutchess Print Works property. One of the first utilities in the Village was a coal gas manufacturing plant conducted by the Dutchess Print Works around 1875 to manufacture illuminat- ing gas for their factory buildings. The company also extended the gas pipes underground to the center of the Village and sold gas to me stores, churches, Grinnell Library, lodge rooms and a few of the larger homes owned by the company for its supervisory 39 employees. The gas manufacturing plant was located on the east bank of the lower Wappingers Creek at the end of McKinley Street so that gas coal could be received by barges from the mines, via waterways and the lower creek. The manufactured gas was stored in two large gas tanks mounted in a water moat for main taining a constant gas pressure in the gas pipes as was customary with gas manufacturing plants in other cities at that time. This gas system was continued until 1913, when the gas manufacturing plant was discontinued due to obsoletion and lack of use by the new owner, the Gamer Print Works and Bleachery who had just completed building their new hydroelectric plant. The Village was without piped gas service for lighting and heating from 1913 to 1929 in which time Propane or LP gas in steel tanks was delivered to customer homes for heating and cooking. In 1929 the Central Hudson Gas & Electric Co., the utility supplying gas and electric service to the surrounding areas, planned on installing a high pressure gas main for natural gas service between Poughkeepsie and Beacon with a tap off in Wappingers Falls to supply the Village. This new system proved most satisfactory for gas heating of homes, factories and businesses and home cooking. The first street lights that the Village had before the 20th century were from a few short wooden poles about eight feet high on top of which was a square glass lantern containing a gas jet fed by gas from a pipe to the central gas system. They had to be lighted and extinguished each day by an attendant. These gas lights were only located along East Main Street, the intersection of Mill Street and Market Street. Four gas fixtures were installed on the new stone bridge on stone pedestals erected for that purpose. A few stores, the hotels, Egans Opera House, and the Sweet Orr Factory also used this gas service. THE FIRST VILLAGE WATER SYSTEM ~out the time the Village was incorporated in 1871, the Village officials decided that a water system other than the Lake and cisterns was very necessary for fire protection, as several large fires had occurred with disastrous results. Plans were made to install a six-inch cast iron water main underground throughout the then populated streets of the Village. About 20 fire hydrants were located in the most important portions of the Village streets where the fire engine pumps could obtain water and, through long hoses, could reach the homes on the outskirts. These pipes and hydrants were connected to a circular masonry reservoir constructed on the ground level in the rear ofthe Zion Episcopal Church. This circular reservoir was covered by a high pitched wooden shingled roof. At that time, this reservoir's location was considered as a high spot in the system as most ofthe homes, businesses and factories were located below, along the Creek. Unfiltered water was supplied to this reservoir and pipe system by the Gamer Dutchess Print Works with a 1000 gallon per minute reciprocating steam pump located on their property from the lower Creek. They furnished the steam power and main- tenance for operation of the pump. It was to the advantage of the Gamer Co. to provide the water for this new system as they owned and controlled much factory property and many homes and stores along Market and Mill Streets and the Creek. About 1902 the Gamer Print Works built a new steel water reservoir on the high elevation of ground on the north and west bank of the Creek which was known as Roys Hill. This new reservoir was of greater water capacity and higher elevation than the old reservoir at the rear of the Zion Episcopal Church and would give greater water pressure for fire protection. After the change over to the new systems, the masonry reservoir was discontinued in use and dismantled. Water was obtained from this system by a horse- drawn street sprinkler used to sprinkle water on the dirt streets of the Village to settle the dust during the dry and hot summer months. This street sprin- kler had a wooden tank of about 1000 gallon capacity mounted horizontally on four large wooden wheels and pulled by a team of horses. The water was sprinkled on the street by two sprinklers at the rear and operated from the driver's seat on the top of the tank. The tank was filled with water obtained from the fire hydrants along the streets. This Village water system continued in operation until 1915 when a new and enlarged filtered water system was installed. In order to provide pure water for cooking and drinking in the homes, the people obtained this water from private wells or springs or from the several public pumps located on several streets. A large pure water spring in the rear of the Grinnell Library furnished pure water to the Sweet Orr and Co. factory and the three hotel buildings on the north side of East Main Street. In the largest hotel owned by Mr. George Rush, this water flowed by gravity to a reservoir in the basement and then was pumped into a water tank in the hotel attic by a small hot air engine. 40 This spring also fed water by an underground pipe to the junction of East Main Street and Mill Street where a pentagon shaped, granite drinking fountain for horses located. In these days, there were many horse-drawn delivery wagons operating from the local businesses and farmers with their produce who appreciated the available cold water for their horses. This fountain, about five-feet in diameter, was located in the middle of Mill Street and the north side of East Main Street for many years. When East Main Street was paved, the fountain was relocated to the east side of Mill Street where it remained until the automobile replaced the horse and it was re- moved. THE FffiST FILTERED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 'During 1911 and the ten years that followed, when new homes were being built throughout the Vill.age and bathrooms were being installed in the older homes, it became apparent that a new system of filtered water should be installed together with a sanitary sewer and disposal plant. A taxpayers' vote approved the joint installations and in 1914 the Village was bonded for over $300,000 and contracts were awarded for a new water and sewer system. Plans were drawn up for the joint system and engineering and inspection service pro- vided by a firm from Newburgh, New York. The water system was designed so that if a break in a water main occurred, by closing certain valves at an intersection, water could be by-passed around the break and most homes would not be affected. New cast iron water mains of sufficient capacity were installed underground throughout the Village streets with new hydrants at every street intersec- tion and in-between on long streets. Some ofthe old hydrants on the old system were replaced. A new water supply was planned from several artesian wells to be drilled on a piece of land pur- chased from the Edwards estate and farm located at the rear of DeLaVergne Avenue. An earthen dam was to be built to form an open reservoir for the storage of the water produced by the wells. The location ofthis dam was selected because ofthe high elevation above the Village streets to afford the water pressure required. A new water main was installed from the Village to the new dam sight. Several tests revealed that the wells could not produce the amount of water re- quired, and this plan had to be abandoned. A new source of water had to be found. Again, the Garner Print Works and Bleachery solved the water supply problem by offering to sell filtered water to the Village, which was accepted. In one of their old unused buildings adjacent to their hydroelectric plant, they constructed a new water filtration plant. A water tap was taken from nine- foot penstock and raw unfiltered water from the Wappingers Lake was chlorinated and processed through sand filters as pure water. A new pure water steel storage tank mounted on four steel leg supports about 60 feet high on the Roys Hill property was erected for water storage and pressure. It was located close to the old system water reservoir erected in 1902. Two 50-horsepower electric centrifugal pumps at the filter plant pumped the pure water to the new elevated water tower for distribution through the Village. The Village established a permanent water de- partment headed by an appointed committee to administer the duties and operations of this depart- ment. For many years, Mr. Herbert Temple was the active and daily superintendent ofthis department. Water meters were installed in all buildings and homes to measure the consumption of water. The meters were read and billed every three months for payment at the water department office which was open five days a week in an office occupying the east room in the Mesier Homestead. This new water supply system gave very good service for the next two decades when, during Mayor James McCafferty's term of office, the Village thought that a better tasting andcheaper water supply could be had from artesian wells drilled near the Wappingers Lake. Mayor McCafferty and William Montfort, who was chairman of the water department, arranged to have several test wells drilled near the lake on both sides of the Village to determine if enough pure water could be obtained from this new source. After several months testing, it became apparent that the best location for the wells was on the west side of the cove of the lake, at the rear of Thornton's Service Station. Several acres ofland and a right-of-way to West Main Street were acquired from the John Jones estate. Contracts for two new wells with submersible pumps and motors and controls were made. A one-story brick pump house was erected between the two wells for the electrical equipment and con troIs. Each well pump was driven by a direct connected 20 horsepower electric submersible motor automatically controlled, twenty-four hours each day, unattended except for inspection each day. After a few years' operation, the above original submersible pumps and motors were replaced by new submersible pumps but having the motors lo- cated on top ofthe wells and the two connected by a 41 ~;;;;;;;....;..;;..;;-,;...,.;."'-..:.;.-------_..._.,---, -" long-drive shaft which is still in use in 1978. Within a few years, due to increased water con- sumption, a similar well with pump was installed about 200 feet west of the pump house and again after a few more years, another well and pump was installed about 200feetnortheast of the pump house. This addition made a total offour pumps all inter- connected or run separately. The reserve storage water capacity had to. be increased at the same time from the original el- evated water tank on Roys Hill by the addition and construction of a new on-the-ground steel tank and acquisition of the old Dutchess Print Works steel tank adjacent to the elevated tank. Also, within a few years, land was given by the Mt. Alvernaia Society located on upper DeLa Vergne Avenue where two more steel on-the-ground water storage tanks were erected. This made a total offive storage water reservoirs, all located on the west side of the stone bridge where the water main crossed the Creek to supply the more populated east side. If a break occurred in this main, no water would be available for fire protection or customer use on the east side of the Village. Due to this possibility and the fact that the water pressure was low along Route 9 and upper East Main Street, due to the increased building of busi- nesses, the water board erected a huge on-the- ground water storage tank about fifty feet in diam- eter and about sixty feet high on a plot ofland :,just west of Route 9. Water is pumped automatically from the existing water main into this tank which stores several million gallons of water and increases the water pressure on that section. An additional 12-inch water main was also installed across the stone bridge to relieve the old water mains. Around 1963, the water department constructed a water-softening treatment plant near the pump house building for softening the water, which was considered "hard" for washing purposes. This new well water system had proved very satisfactory both in the quality and quantity of water produced since its construction in the 1940's to the present time or about 38 years. As these four wells are located in sand and gravel soil close to the cove section of the Wappingers Lake, it is believed that the wells are supplied with a constant supply of lake water filtering through the sand and producing the cold pure water for use throughout the Village. The Swenson housing development which was constructed in the 1940' sjust north of the Wappingers Cemetery was supplied with water from the Wappingers Falls system until about the 1970's, when the Town of Poughkeepsie constructed their new water system throughout the Town and began supplying these homes in this development. THE FIRST MODERN SEWER SYSTEM cA't the same time the contract was approved for the new filtered water system, a contract was also approved for the installation of a modern sani- tary sewer system throughout theVillage and in- cluding a sewage disposal plant. Vitrified tile sewer pipes were installed under- ground throughout the entire Village with the ex- ception of Givens Avenue, McKinley Street and lower Market Street, l?orderingthe lower Wappingers Creek. These few short streets were below the main sewer trunk lines and could not empty by gravity into them. However, at the present time, sewer lines have been installed in these streets due to the development of sewage pumping plants which are installed underground on the street and are auto- matically electric operated. This same condition applies to several new streets along North Mesier Avenue, which were added to the Village in the last two decades. At each bend in the road or street intersection, large brick manholes with cast iron street covers were installed to give access to any clogged sewer lines. As Brown and Roy Avenues were below gravity flow to West Main Street, a flexible joint, six-inch cast iron sewer pipe was installed across the bottom of the Wappingers Lake at the foot of Brown Avenue to lower Mill Street to accommodate the flow of sewage by gravity to the Mill Street main sewage line. The new sewage disposal plant was built on the lower or western end of Franklindale Avenue near Hunters Creek and did not require constant atten- tion. In the late 1950's, the sewer plant was updated by the construction of a brick building to house test and treatment equipment. Large sludge beds and other surge facilities were also added. This sewage system has served the Village well over the 63 years of operation, especially since sev- eral apartment complexes have been added in the last two decades. THE FIRST MUNICIPAL ELECTRIC LIGHTING PLANT Just before the turn of the 19th century, elec- triCIty for lighting had just been perfected by Tho- mas A Edison, the inventor of the electric incandes- cent lamp, the dynamo and electric wiring systems. 42 Mr. Edison and other scientists who had organized the General Electric and the Westinghouse Compa- nies were beginning to manufacture electrical equip- ment for lighting the Village and cities by electricity instead of illuminating coal gas. In 1900 the Village Board of Trustees thought that the Village should have a new electrical system for improved street lighting and lighting of the businesses and homes. The Village Board consisted of several businessmen of the Village, namely Jo- seph Jones, Duncan Moore, Edward Odell, George Harris and George Rush. Mr. Arthur S. Peacock, a Market Street druggist, was President of the Board. Several attempts were made in 1900 to bond the Village for the sum of $15,000 to construct a new electric generating plant on the Creek Road and install the required electric lines to the Village for distribution of electric service and a new street lighting system. At last the bond issue was approved by the taxpayers' vote, and plans were made to proceed with the project. A bid for $14,478 from the William Sheehan Co. ofN ew York City was accepted and the job commenced for a steam-operated electric power generating plant and the required accesso- ries. A piece of land was acquired on the Creek Road adjacent to the Creek and about one mile from the Village on which the power plant was constructed. It was necessary to build on the Creek in order to get a supply of water to generate and evaporate steam and to receive soft coal by barge from the mines as fuel. Mr. William A O'Rourke, a local building con- tractor, was awarded the contract to construct a one- story brick building for the power plant and a large coal shed nearby for the storage of a fuel supply. In this building, the Sheehan Co. installed a 75 K.V.A, 2200 volt, two-phase, AC. generator direct con- nected to a reciprocating steam engine receiving its steam from a hand-fired coal boiler. This company also installed the pole line and wires from the Power Plant to and around the Village for electrical distribution. To light the Vil- lage at night, a total of 52 automatic carbon arc lights were installed principally at the street inter- sections. Each week the carbon sticks would have to be replaced in these arc lamps. It was a great improvement for the Village residents to have the streets lighted at night. However, in order to save energy, the street lamps were not lighted on moonlit nights. This initial power plant, of small capacity compared to present day standards, was not oper- ated during daylight hours as it was feIt unneces- sary. Electric irons, motors and appliances were unknown in this period. The plant was operated each night by one man or engineer who was required to walk to and from the plant each day in all kinds of weather. The names of the men who operated the plant were David Moore, Edward J. Mullen, John Laffin and Charles Aurswald. Mr. Edwin P. Howarth who was the first telegraph operator in the Village and the son of the librarian ofthe Grinnell Library, was the Clerk in Charge of reading the electric meters, rendering the bills for service, and collecting the accounts for the Village during the plant's opera- tion. The Village of Wappingers Falls had the reputation of being the only Village in the Middle Atlantic States where a municipal direct-connected electric power plant was available for street light- ing. The electric plant was first put in service on the night of November 28, 1900, and as per a news item in the Wappingers Chronicle of that date, a gala celebration was had by all to commemorate the historic event. A large elevated bandstand was erected on what is now known as the Zion Park grounds for the band, music and speakers platform. Professor Samuel Mansfield of the Union Free School was chairman and Mr. Arthur S. Peacock was vice-chairman ofthe celebration. The invocation was given by the Rev. David Phillips and speeches were made by District Attorney George Wood, the Rev. George H. Wallace, James Marlor, the editor ofthe Chronicle, and the Rev. Prescot Evarts of Zion Episcopal Church. Mrs. Arthur Peacock, the wife of the Village President, pressed an electric button on the band- stand which activated the new street lighting sys- tem for the first time in history by electricity. Mrs. Peacock was accompanied by Mrs. John Bogle, wife of the Manager of the Dutchess Print Works. This small electric power plant continued opera- tions until about 1907 when it became evident that the plant should be enlarged due to the increased load being added each year and for stand-by service in case of emergency and repairs. The Village Board of Trustees with Mr. John W. Mullen as President voted to purchase and install a larger generator with the necessary boiler and equip- ment in available quarters in the existing building from the Stehling-Miller Co. ofN ew York City. This new genera tor was on ly 25% larger than the original one. The plant continued to operate on nightly service only. A few years later in 1910, the new hydroelectric power plant was completed and put in operation by the Garner Print Works and Bleachery on a twenty- four hour basis for their own use in the just com- pleted Bleachery. This new company offered to purchase and take over the small municipal power plant of the Village and give twenty-four hours electric service to the Village residents. This offer 43 ;..~-;,:..."-~._.,.~-,- was accepted by the Village trustees in 1910, reliev- ing them of the responsibilities of operations. After the change-over to the new company, opera- tions at the old municipal plant on Creek Road ceased. Some of the machinery and equipment was transferred to the new company operations for emer- gency service and the old building on the Creek Road was removed. completed in the Bleachery complex. It also pro- vided service for the existing arc lamp street lighting service. This new department was named the Elec- trical Department of the Garner Print Works and Bleachery. In order to develop this new department, they expanded and improved their electric lines through- out the village streets and on country roads outside the Village limits. This transfer was under the supervision of Mr. Lester McKenna, an electrical engineer formerly from the New England states. A short time later, he left. the company for a new position elsewhere and was replaced by another electrical engineer named Mr. Orville M. Whitehouse, who became very popular and accommodating with the Village people. In order to promote additional sales and business and use the excess electric energy, an electrical construction and contracting department was set up so customers could improve old existing electric THE ELECTRIC UTILITY 1910 TO 1960 men the Gamer Print Works and Bleachery purchased the small and original electric power plant located on the Creek Road from the Village of Wappingers Falls in 1910, it began to provide twenty- four hour electric service to all the old customers in the Village, from its new hydroelectric plant just Employees of the new Garner Print Works & Bleachery Electrical Department and new Hydroelectric Power Plant in 1914. Front row: William Tenney, electrician; David Moore, Giles Browning and Francis Bain, the station operators; Arthur Handley and Edgar A. Popper, electricians. Standing left to right: William Tinney, chief lineman; Orville M. Whitehouse, electrical engineer and supervisor and Calvin Niver, night watchman. Sitting, left to right: Charles Dahlhouse, estimator, Joseph Morrow, William Bahret, Patrick J. Burnett, Charles Shook, Lee Hoyt and Charles J. Leach, electricians. 44 systems in stores and homes and install complete new lighting systems in the many unwired homes throughout the Village. At this time, the Zion Episcopal Church, the First Baptist Church, First Presbyterian Church, Odd Fellows Hall and the Grinnell Library were wired for the new twenty-four hour electric service and conversion from gas service. The Sweet Orr & Co. factory converted to the new service for lighting and power. Previously, they generated their own elec- tricity by a dynamo belted to the steain engine drive during work hours for lighting only. Many of the Dutchess Bleachery-owned houses were wired for electric service replacing the kerosene oil lamps. Most all of the privately owned homes on both the east and west side of the Village were wired for electric service during 1912 to 1916. However, this Electric Division was limited to supplying electric service in the Town ofWappingers only, under the New York State franchise. They could not enter another township without a special permission from the electric company servicing that area. They were able to serve the west side of the bridge area as this was in the Village ofWappingers Falls but in the Town of Poughkeepsie. This new company replaced all the carbon arc street lamps which became troublesome with the new tungsten filament lamps and with the addition of several others of higher candle power to better light the streets. In 1913 the residents of the hamlet ofHughsonville just south of the Village on Route 9-D desired electric service for their homes and street lighting and ap- proval was granted by the Town of Wappingers Board of Trustees. The Electric Division of the Garner Print Works & Bleachery installed an elec- tric pole line from the Village ofWappingers Falls down through Hughsonville to the Conover farm curve. A tap line was constructed west on the New Hamburg Road to the New Hamburg drawbridge. Another tap and pole line was constructed down the Wheeler Hill Road to the large Reeves or Unermeyer estate, now the Good Council Novitiate. Street lights were installed at intervals along the entire pole line and for the first time, Hughsonville had street lighting and electric lighting and power ser- vice for their homes,church and several shops. It afforded the homes to have electric water pumps that they might have running water from their wells for bathrooms. These lines also provided electric service to several large, well-to-do estates along Wheeler Hill Road and the large W.W. Reese estate, the houses in Stuartville and the Stuart Foundry. The following year, the people in the hamlet of Chelsea in the Town of Wappingers, a few miles south of Hughsonville, desired electric and street lighting service. The electric pole line was extended from Hughsonville to Chelsea and rendered electric service to all the homes, the general store and Post Office, the railroad station and the Chelsea Yacht Club buildings. Street lighting was installed throughout the Village and controlled by a time clock. After World War I, the U.S. Government con- structed the U.S. Veterans Castle Point Hospital on several acres oflandjust south and east of Chelsea, which required electric service. The Electrical Divi- sion of the Garner Print Works and Bleachery in- stalled an electric pole line from Chelsea to the new hospital complex for construction work and later the new buildings. Three-phase electric service was provided by the addition of extra and larger wires installed from the Wappingers Falls hydroelectric plant. In 1920 the new owners ofthe Emmadine Farms property, homeowners, and the Central New En- gland Railroad Company all desired electric service for their operations in Hopewell Junction, New York. Hopewell Junction was about ten miles to the east of the Village and was located in the Town of Fishkill. A new franchise to operate in this town was re- quired. It was also required that the power company operating up to this time under the Electrical Divi- sian of the Garner Print Works and Bleachery be changed. The Company adopted the new name of the Wappingers Electric Corporation. The line crew which had been operating from a horse-drawn truck and also a converted auto truck changed their opera- tions to a heavy duty White auto truck, all equipped for power line service. The linemen and line truck were operated under the supervision of Mr. Fred Seitz, an experienced line supervisor and native of Poughkeepsie. Mr. Seitz supervised the construc- tion of all the following line work. Negotiations were completed and in the late winter of 1921, a new three-phase, 3800 volt power line was installed from the power plant south on Route 9 to the Hopewell Junction Road, and from there east to the railroad round house, where con- nections were made to the railroads's old power station for their private distribution. Branch power lines were installed on the Hopewell Junction streets and to Old Hopewell terminating at the Dutch Re- formed Church. A line was also installed south on Route 376 to the Emmadine Farms property and to the small hamlet of Gayhead. A short time later, the power lines were extended east on Route 52 to Stormville and north on Route 376 to Fishkill Plains to Stringhams Mill, with taps ofron the branch roads enroute. As these power lines were being installed, the contracting division of the company was busy making the wiring installations 45 r j; t J F. ~, I I I of the homes, farms and businesses. This expansion of electric service in the sur- rounding hamlets and towns gives some idea ofthe pioneer work done in giving electric service by this small electric utility to the people for the first time. During these same years, the Central Hudson Gas & Electric Co. with main offices in the City of Poughkeepsie, N ew York, was expanding its opera- tions on the west and east sides of the Hudson River by acquiring the small villages power plants and was almost encircling the small Wappingers Falls Company. They had acquired the Southern Dutchess Gas & Electric Company in Beacon and the Cold Spring Electric Company about 1920 which was only a few miles south from the Wappingers Falls opera- tion. The Southern Dutchess Gas and Electric Co. supplied electric service to the City of Beacon and the Villages of Glenhamand Fishkill. They also operated the electric trolley car service between Beacon and Fishkill for many years which was discontinued at about the time of the transfer. In the early 1920's, the Central Hudson Gas and Electric Co. installed a high-voltage power line for their system to the Dutchess Bleachery hydroelec- tric power plant, where a transformer sub-station was located for the transfer of electric power. With this sub-station, the Dutchess Bleachery could sell their excess electric power generated by water power to the large utility. In the summer period, or when water power was short, the Central Hudson Com- pany could sell and furnish electric power to the Bleachery Company. This arrangement continued for several years until the Dutchess Bleachery com- plex and power plant was sold in 1955 to the B.N. & A Realty Co. The B.N. & A Realty Co. continued to sell all the electric power generated by water power to the Central Hudson Co. until a malfunction on the power line occurred and the contract was discontin- ued between the two companies. The hydroelectric power plant was closed down and never reactivated. The two generators and switchboard were later dismantled and sold for junk. After supplying electric service from the hydro- electric plant to the Village ofWappingers Falls and the smaller communities enumerated in the above paragraphs, from 1910-1925 or a period of 15 years, the Wappingers Electric Corp. was purchased by the Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. This purchase did not include the hydroelectric power plant, which was retained by the Lockwood-Dutchess Bleachery Company to supply electric power for their opera- tions. Nor did it include the electrical contracting business which was discontinued and later taken over by Edgar A Popper, a former employee who later established the Popper Electric Co., with shop and office on East Main Street, and absorbed several of the former employees. The new operating-utility company acquired all the electric pole lines and street lighting system and customer electric meters together with the line repair truck and several of the linemen. Mr. Orville M. Whitehouse, who was man- ager of the Wappingers Electric Corp. over the years, was transferred to a new position with the new operating utility. In the late 1920's, the Central Hudson Gas & Electric Co. established branch business offices in the small villages where they were supplying electric services. In the Village of Wappingers Falls, they purchased a piece of land on the north side of East Main Street which had been occupied earlier by the old Clintondale Co. near the northeast corner ofthe stone bridge. This land was recently occupied by a long wooden one-story building erected by George M. Currie in the 1920's for a garage and car sales agency. On the southeast corner of the property, a Mr. "Bob" Gardiner from Beacon, New York, set up an old- fashioned diner on wheels which became a very popular eating place for the young people at night and the working people for lunch. This diner was moved to a new location across East Main Street to Market Street just south and adjacent to the old Franklindale Cotton Factory office building land- mark. The diner remained here for several years as a popular eating place until about 1935 when the land was purchased by Mr. Herbert Linge who erected the present two-story brick office building which was occupied on the first floor by Tibbs newspaper and magazine store. The Utility Company removed the front or street end of the garage building where they erected-a Colonial-style, two-story brick building. The old rear wooden building was occupied as a garage for their local line repair trucks. The first floor east side of the new building contained their new local offices and the west side was occupied by the contracting and appli- ance business of the Popper Electric Co. The entire second floor was occupied by the N ew York Tele- phone Co. for their new telephone exchange central office. This new building had a four-sided sloping roof with a cupola with a weather-vane on the center top. The roof and weather vane was floodlighted at night. The new utility office was managed by Mr. George Verry. In 1952 the Popper Electric Co. moved their busi- ness to a building on the west side adjacent to the bridge which was purchased and completely remod- eled. This business was discontinued on March 1973 after doing business in the Village for a period of 47 years. The telephone exchange office was moved from the second floor to their new building just completed on South Avenue. 46 i New office building on East Main Street built by Central Hudson Gas and Electric Co. in the 1930's. Later, in the 1960's, it was acquired by the Knights of Columbus Lodge for their future headquarters. In the 1960's the Central Hudson Gas & Electric Co. discontinued their local business office and com- bined it with their Beacon office. The land and brick building was sold to theKnights of Columbus Lodge as their headquarters. They replaced the rear wooden building with a new concrete block building com- plete with heating and air conditioning for an as- sembly hall. THE FIRST TELEGRAPH OFFICE ~e first and only Western Union Telegraph Office in the Village was located in the southeast corner of the second floor of the main library room of Grinnell Library. The office was a small partitioned space located behind the main entrance door and contained the telegraph instruments and space for the operator. The first and only telegrapher was Edwin P. Howarth, who lived in the library apart- ment with his mother, Mrs. E.A Howarth, who was the librarian. A pair of steel conductor wires were installed on wooden poles from the library down East Main Street to Market Street and continued down the New Hamburg Creek Road to connect to the West- ern Union wires along the Hudson River railroad tracks. The telegraph office was installed in the last quarter of the 19th century before the advent of the telephone and continued operation until about 1910, when the system was removed. This small telegraph office was the only direct means of communication to the outside world at that time. When a telegraph message was received at the office, it was recorded on the Western Union station- ary and delivered by Mr. Edwin Howarth on his bicycle to the recipient. THE VILLAGE TELEPHONE SERVICE 'I:.e first telephone service in the Village was established by the N ew York Telephone Company in the early 1890's with about 50 subscribers. The first telephone exchange office was set up in the right front display window of Roys Drug Store located at the southwest corner of the stone bridge. As the first system had only a few telephone users, this exchange was attended by the propri- etors who were the three Roy brothers. As a result, the exchange was operated rather erratically, espe- cially when the store had many customers and the exchange was ringing for service. The customer phones were of the wall-type, and the central exchange was signaled by turning a crank operating a magneto, which in turn rang the bell signal. The mouthpiece was mounted on the front of the telephone and the receiver on a flexible cord mounted on an up-and-down hook when not in use. Several customers were connected in the same line, especially in the rural sections. About 1908, the telephone exchange was moved to a small second floor, front room of the Thomas J. Cashin funeral headquarters on the south side of East Main Street. This exchange was operated on a round-the-clock basis by three female telephone operators, with their supervisor, Miss Grace Cashin, in charge. In the early 1900's a second telephone company named the Dutchess Telephone Company with headquarters in Poughkeepsie, established telephone service in the Village in competition with the origi- nal company. Their telephone exchange was a small exchange board located on the second floor of the large Smith building on Market Street. This addi- tional phone service created additional trouble and expense, as the stores and offices had to have two sets oftelephone service. A few years later, this new company ceased service and was absorbed by the New York Telephone Company. In the early 1920's the telephone exchange was transferred from the Cashin location to the second floor rooms of the home of Mr. 1. Hasbrouk on South Avenue. In the early 1930's, when the Central Hudson Gas & Electric Co. erected their new office building on East Main Street, the New York Telephone Com- pany leased the second floor for a new telephone exchange. New exchange equipment was installed, 47 operated by several girl operators on a twenty-four hour basis under the supervision of Mrs. Helen Jones. In the early 1950's the New York Telephone Co. removed the old exchange equipment and replaced it with the new automatic direct dial system, which was a great improvement. About 1965 the New York Telephone Co. erected a brick one-story building on South Avenue, oppo- site Andrews Place, for the new location of a com- pletely automated telephone exchange which would replace the older one located on the second floor of the Central Hudson building on East Main Street. As the population and new construction increased rapidly in and around the Village, the telephone company had to further increase their facilities. In 1977 they started construction of a new brick two- story building over and around the original brick building containing the dial system equipment which was kept in constant service during the construc- tion. New telephone cables were installed in new un- derground conduits under the sidewalks of the Vil- lage from Route 9, down Route 9-D, and West and East Main Streets to the new telephone building. THE VILLAGE NEWSPAPERS ~e Village of Wappingers Falls and vicinity has had the pleasure of reviewing its own newspaper since 1867 except for a break in late 1941 to 1953. About 1867 C.G. and S. Coutant published the first newspaper under the name of the Wappingers Falls Daily Times. The printing ofthis paper was done in Matteawan Village, now part of Beacon, N ew York. This paper had a short life as it was published for only five months. The next paper to be published was the Wappingers Chronicle on October 26, 1869, by its owner and publisher, George W. Winchell and Daniel Dougherty. In 1872 Mr. Dougherty became the sole proprietor and publisher until September 25, 1880. The Wappingers Chronicle was a weekly paper pub- lished every Saturday at the subscription price of two dollars a year. The presses were operated by a steam engine with boiler and was advertised as steam printing. The Chronicle printing plant was located in a brick building on the east side of Mill Street next to the Sweet Orr & Co. building. During the next seven years, several weekly papers were published by different owners from December 1874, all of short duration. The first, a Democratic Weekly, The Bulletin, published by George Winchell and S. Roe, Jr. was printed for about a year. Another Democratic Weekly called the Wappingers Era was owned and published by George Winchell between 1876 and 1878. This paper was discontinued in the summer of 1878 but was reacti- vated 15 months later by Mr. Winchell and a partner, Mr. S.H. Homan. The paper was again discontinued in 1881. The "Wappingers Chronicle" had a long life under several different owners and publishers from Octo- ber 26, 1869 to 1941, when it ceased operation after 72 years. In 1875 the paper was changed to a semi- weekly paper under the name of the "Semi-Weekly Chronicle". In September 1880 the "Wappingers Chronicle" was purchased by Mr. A.E. Benedict who changed the name to the "Weekly Chronicle" and it was considered a Republican paper. In 1890 the Chronicle was taken over by Frank Bacon and James Marlor as owners and publishers. It was again sold in 1900 to James Brower and Vincent O'Farrell. The printing plant was located in the new Grinnell Library building. The first floor, west front room, was occupied by the business office and the rear room by the composing room. The entire basement was occupied by the presses and typesetting. The presses were driven through a series of shafts, pulleys and belts by a large gas engine using the illuminating gas as the fuel. This firm also did job printing such as envelopes, in- voices, and hand bills. The Wappingers Chronicle was printed every Friday on a long, automatic press. It was delivered by news boys at four cents per copy. In 1910 the Wappingers Chronicle and printing plant was purchased by A.C. Crandall who, with his family, had moved from Long Island to a home on South Avenue and East Academy Street. Twenty- four hour electric service was then available, and Mr. Crandall replaced the noisy gas engine with an electric motor drive and replaced the gas jet lights with electric lighting. In the early 1930's Mr. Crandall sold the "Wappingers Chronicle" and printing plant to Mr. Louis Minard who changed the name ofthe paper to the "Wappingers Herald". He also reduced the size of the paper to tabloid size. Mr. Minard also in- stalled a new Line-a-Type typesettingmachine which replaced much of the hand set type. The office and composing rooms which had occupied the first floor, west end of the library for about 40 years were moved to the basement location. The old office location was taken over by the Beasley Agency for the sale of Real Estate and Insurance. In 1937 the printing plant was sold to William Sedore who published the paper until 1940. It was purchased then by a Mr. Webb who discontinued operations the following year and ended the era of , r t 48 the "Wappingers Chronicle". These last publishers of the ''Wappingers Chronicle" found the competi- tion too great from the two daily newspapers deliv- ered to me Village from Poughkeepsie and, as a result, discontinued the local weekly paper. After a few years, the printing plant was pur- chased by Mr. Kenneth Campbell who did not pub- lish any weekly newspaper but continued the job printing or commercial work. This printing plant continued for several decades until about 1967, when it was discontinued due to Mr. Campbell's death. The rented space was taken over by the Library . Throughout the publishing of the "Wappingers Chronicle", during and after the turn of the 19th century, Mr. Clinton W. Clapp, the son of Benjamin Clapp, who was one of the first progressive early settlers of the Village, wrote articles and history, from old records and from memory, on the early Village each week in the Chronicle. Much of this historical information is recorded in an old scrap- book containing the newspaper clippings of that time written by Mr. Clinton Clapp. (Much of this history has been taken from these clippings and incorPorated in the writing of this history by its compiler, Edgar A. Popper.) With the discontinuance of the "Wappingers Chronicle" and its successors in 1941, the Village offices, stores and businesses had no means of daily advertising. The matter was taken up by the local Chamber of Commerce in 1953 when it was decided that the local Chamber publish a bi-monthly tabloid paper to be named the "Wappingers Falls Shopper". Mr. Herman Osten, an active Chamber member, assumed the task of editing and publishing the paper which was to be mailed to the Village resi- dents on a no-charge basis. In the following year of 1954, Mr. and Mrs. Herman Osten purchased the rights of publication of the Wappingers Falls Shopper from the local Chamber of Commerce and established an office on East Main Street in the Wixson building to publish and distribute the Wappingers Falls Shopper in tabloid form by mail throughout the surrounding vicinity. This paper, with a circulation of about 5,000 copies bi-monthly, was supported entirely by the advertisers and delivered at no charge to all businesses and homes in the vicinity. In 1956 the paper was increased in size from a tabloid to a regular size newspaper with additional pages. The name was changed from the "Wappingers Falls Shopper" to the "Wappingers and Southern Dutchess News" and was distributed weekly on a no- charge basis by carriers and by mail. The business expanded rapidly and the office was moved to larger quarters across the street where the former Dr. F.S. O'Brien building on East Main Street was purchased and remodeled. A new auto- matic news printing press was installed in a build- ing on the southwest corner of Market and Fulton Street for the local printing ofthe paper, which had formerly been printed out of town. The business, still operating under the name of "The Wappingers Falls Shopper, Inc." by Mr. and Mrs. Osten, also began the publishing of two addi- tional weekly papers under the names of the "Bea- con Free Press" and the "Spackenkill Sentinel". These two papers, in addition to the "Wappingers and Southern Dutchess News, are now distributed weekly, free of charge, to all homes and businesses in the towns ofFishkill, East Fishkill, Poughkeepsie and Wappingers Falls, except for the City of Poughkeepsie. Due to the fast growth of the business, the "Wappingers Shopper, Inc." combined their edito- rial and business offices in the O'Brien building on East Main Street and their printing plan t on Fulton Street into one location. In 1971 they purchased about four acres ofland from the Wixson property on the north side of upper East Main Street, on which was constructed a modern, one-story printing plant in which all operations ofthe business were located. At this time, they gave employment to about 30 people. The operation ofthis newspaper plant over a period of 23 consecutive years has been a great asset to the Village and a great tribute to the owners and publishers. In 1974 a small tabloid newspaper named the "Hornet" was published monthly by Mr. Charles McCloskey, who resided on South Avenue in the Village. The paper was printed by the Page Print Co. whose shop was located in one of the former Gamer Print Works buildings on lower Market Street. The paper consisted of several pages of news items and editorials wri tten by the publisher and several pages of advertisements. The paper was distributed free of charge and could be picked up at several of the advertiser's stores. The paper was later published as a bi-monthly and at the present time is published weekly under the new name of the "Hudson Valley Hornet". The Village has also been served by several daily and Sunday newspapers published in the City of Poughkeepsie since the turn ofthe century on which there has been a charge for delivery to the customer. The daily papers would include the "Poughkeepsie Enterprise" and the "Poughkeepsie Evening Star", which was later changed to the "Poughkeepsie Jour- nal". The "Sunday Courier" was' a very popular paper for the rural areas and the Village since before the 1900's and was taken over and published by the "Poughkeepsie Journal" under their name during 49 the last decade. The "Beacon News" published in Beacon, New York, served the Village with a daily paper during the last several decades and in recent years has added a Sunday edition. THE MESlER PARK AND HOMESTEAD Under ownership and control of the Village Board ofthe Village ofWappingers Falls for the past 87 years, the Mesier Park and the Homestead have been a great asset to the Village. Located at about the center ofthe Village and at the intersection ofthe Albany Post Road or Route 9 and the Old Stony-Kill Road or now Route 9D, the Park is visible to tran- sients and visitors passing through the Village as well as the local residents going to churches, busi- ness and those residing nearby. Directly south, across East Main Street, are lo- cated some ofthe Village's other notable structures such as the First Methodist Church, the new colo- nial-design U.S. Post Office, Lafayette Lodge Odd Fellows building, Zion Episcopal Church and the beautiful Zion Park. On the west the park is bounded by Spring Street with the chalet-type Grinnell Li- brary building. The north side is bounded by Park Street which includes several attractive homes. Mesier Avenue, with several attractive homes, bounds the Park on its east side. The main entrance to the Park, which contains about five acres ofland, and the Homestead, is by a road leading from the southwest corner of the Park at the junction of East Main and Spring Streets to the front entrance of the Homestead, and exiting at the southeast corner at Mesier and East Main Street. Several foot paths radiate in other directions through- out the Park. Almost in the center of the Park is located the Mesier Homestead building. In the year 1741 Nicho- las Brewer built a small stone and frame house for his residence in the above location. It contained a large fireplace and built-in oven. A few years later, he added a large frame addition on the south end which has not been altered to the present time. This addition became the main part of the homestead and the original building became the kitchen and utility rooms. This addition was constructed over an exca- vated cellar approximately 60 feet long and 30 feet wide and was 11/2 stories high with a pitched wood shingle roof. The main floor contained a large central hall, flanked on each side by a large living room, each containing a large fireplace with tile decorated man- tels. A large dining room was located on the front east end. A long hall on the north side connected all these rooms to the kitchen and the original building. A rear stairway led to the second floor bedrooms which had slanted ceilings and dormer windows. All of the floor boards are very wide of white pine lumber, some of which are 16 inches wide and 11/4 inch thick. Along the entire south or front side ofthe building was constructed a long, open porch with a wood flooring. A large horse and carriage barn, which had been South Avenue Entrance to Mesier Park 50 erected by the Mesier family several hundred feet to the east of the Homestead for their transportation, was dismantled about 1907. In the early 1900's, west 'of the Homestead and directly across from the Grinnell Library, stood what we call a summer house, with open sides and a four-sided shingled roof, and provided with wooden benches around the inside perimeter of the building, which afforded much relaxation for people to visit in warm weather. Band concerts were provided at different times dur- ing the evening and summer months. It was even- tually dismantled due to deteriorating conditions. In 1776 Nicholas Brewer sold the Homestead and about 400 acres of land to Mr. Peter Mesier, who occupied it as his home with his descendants until 1891, when the Park land of about five acres and the Homestead were transferred to the Village of Wappingers Falls for the sum of $2,500, with the understanding that it should remain forever known as the Mesier Park and Homestead. The late W.H. Reese, a direct descendant of the Mesier family and a prominent resident of Hughsonville, New York, took an active interest in this property and was desirous of having this prop- erty turned over to the Village as a Village Park. It was mainly through the efforts of the late James S. Roy, ex-president of the Village, and William D. Roy and Mr. W.H. Reese that this action was accom- plished by a vote of the taxpayers. In the early 1960's a beautiful bronze tablet was placed on the front of the Mesier Homestead. It was made by Tiffany's of New York City and was pre- sented to the Village by Mr. W. Willis Reese, who owned a beautiful estate in Hughsonville and was the son ofW.H.Reese. The bronze tablet was placed First constructed by Nicholas Brewer in 1741 and sold to Peter Mesier in 1776, whose heirs sold it to the Village ofWappingers Falls in 1891 for a Village Park. to the east of the main front entrance to the main hall of the homestead and bears the following in- scription: On May 1,1777, this dwelling with a farm of about four hundred and twenty acres of land on which it stood was conveyed by Nicholas Brewer, who had owned the property since October 9, 1741. It became the residence of the Mesier family and was known as the Mesier Homestead until August 27, 1891, when it was conveyed with a plot offive acres to the Village ofWappingers Falls under an agree- ment that the property should be forever known as Mesier Park. This tablet, made of solid brass, is 24 inches high and 30 inches long and weighs over 70 pounds. W. Willis Reese, who was greatly interested in the property, requested permission from the Village Trustees to have the tablet placed on the building. Among those present at the presentation of the tablet were Mr. and Mrs. W. Willis Reese, Miss Elizabeth Reese, President of the Village John W. Mullen and Trustee Elsworth Traver. A spring water well located about 100 feet west of the Homestead, no doubt furnished the drinking and household water for the Mesier family. In 1894 the Women's Christian Temperance Union had installed a large iron hand pump over this spring. A heavy iron cup, with a long chain attached to the pump, provided cold spring water to anybody wishing a drink by pumping the water. This pump also fur- nished drinking water to all the surrounding area residents who could be seen daily carrying pails of water from the pump to their horses. This was a very difficult job in the winter with snow on the ground and sometimes a frozen pump. The pump was 51 . ;;o"o.,;<~~,=:,:::::",,",-,-~~c;..-;:,,,;,.-;;.-_.'..... ,.,;,.,:-~,,;.,,;oc,,;.>~ removed about 1915 when running water was ob- tained from the new Village water system. Several wooden benches were set up around the Park where people could rest and enjoy the beautiful lawns and huge old shade trees. Since its acquisition, the Village Board of Trust- ees over the early years has used one ofthe rooms of the Homestead for a meeting room and other mat- ters of business, for collection of taxes and for voting. Since the inception of the water department in 1914, the large east room has been used as a business office for the water department. During Mayor James McCafferty's term of office in the early 1940's, the Village Police Department was moved from the Begg Building on Market Street to the west room of the Homestead as an economy move and as a protec- tion against vandalism on the Homestead and Park. A radio communication system was installed be- tween the Police Office and the police cars about 1952. The operation of the local fire alarm system was also moved from the local telephone office to the Police Department office. Each day, except Sunday, a test is made on the siren operation at 12:00 noon. Soon after the transfer ofthe Park to the Village under th e James Roy presidency, a tall steel flag pole about 100 feet high, with a weather vane and eagle on top, was erected near the south end entrance to the Park. A huge American flag was flown on holidays and special occasions. Due to deteriora- tion, this pole was replaced about 1960 with a smaller American flag, displayed twenty-four hours a day and illuminated at night with a flood light. On each side of the flag pole, during the late 1890's, two large cannons which fired lO-inch round shells and were replicas of the Civil War were mounted. Surrounding these cannons is a beautiful flower garden with red flowers in season. During World War I a large wooden memorial plaque was erected on the East Main Street side of the Park on which was printed the names of all men of the village who were serving their county in the armed forces. Due to decay, this plaque was re- placed by a new memorial dedicated on May 30, 1952, consisting of a large rock boulder on which is mounted a bronze inscribed tablet as to its purpose. It was dedicated to honor the men and women ofthe community who gave their service to their coun try in World War II from 1941-1945. This boulder is flanked on each side and rear by a large cluster of evergreen trees and illuminated at night, making a beautiful addition to the Park. Each Memorial Day military services are held at this Memorial. Further east on East Main Street facing South Avenue is a memorial in honor of the men who gave their service to the Volunteer Fire DepartII}ents of the Village. This memorial consists of a large engraved gran- ite stone flanked by evergreen trees and may be lighted at night. On the knoll opposite South Avenue is a tall spruce tree which has been used for the past 50 years as the lighted community Christmas tree. This tree has been wired for the colored bulbs and the electri- cal energy supplied every year by the Wappingers Falls Lions Club. At the lighting of the tree each year, Christmas services with music and carol sing- ing are attended by the children and their parents. About 1968, the Wappingers Falls Lions Club thought that the Mesier Park should have some kind of a bandstand where outdoor concerts and summer programs could be held. Plans were made by the Club through arrangements with the Park Commis- sioners to erect the band-shell now located to the south of the Homestead and in front of a lawn Main entrance to Mesier Park with a view of Mesier Homestead in the background. The honor roll plaque of the World War II Veterans is at the front right. 52 "'" covered hill to afford good viewing. The floor of the band-shell is concrete laid level with the surrounding ground. ltisabout40feetlong and has a wooden back-drop with an overhang. It is lighted by overhead fluorescent lights and portable flood lights from the front. A complete portable loud speaker system is arranged for the programs. Sev- eral 1000 watt flood lamp fixtures are installed in the surrounding trees for lighting the lawn area. The Lions Club has used the band-shell for many occasions during the Christmas season tree-lighting activity and during the summer months in the evening for concerts and musicals. Mesier Park was the center of attraction for the one-week Centennial Celebration ofthe Incorpora- tion of the Village ofWappingers Falls in 1971. It proved so popular that each summer since then a picked committee has arranged a "Picnic-in-the- Park Program" with music, dancing and refresh- ments provided. It affords a meeting place once a year where friends and relatives and families are reunited and meet each other to at least say, "hello". When the Park and Homestead was first ac- quired by the Village, living quarters were estab- lished in the rear original rooms of the Homestead for a caretaker and overseer of the property for protection against fire and vandalism. Mr. Thomas Fitzpatrick, who was Chief of Police, and his family were the first to assume this position. They were succeeded by other families. In the early 1940's, when the Police Department office was located in the Homestead, they assumed the protection of the property under the leadership of a Board of Park Commissioners appointed by the Village Board of Trustees. Over the years, many improvements have been made to the Homestead such as central heat, toilet facilities, and a modem wiring and lighting system. The main road through the Park was macadamized. About 1970, the Wappingers Falls Historical So- ciety was given permission to use the entire second floor of the Homestead to display historical records, pictures and furniture in their possession. The members ofthe Society gave much oftheir time and labor painting and restoring the second floor bed- rooms which are open to. the public. THE GRINNELL LIBRARY On May 25, 1867 the late Irving Grinnell and the late Bishop Henry Yates Satterlee of the Zion Episcopal Church were instrumental in establish- Grinnell Library 53 ing a library inWappingers Falls. For twenty years, after its founding, it was located on the second floor of one of the original buildings in the Village owned by Abraham Mesier, on the corner of what is now Market Street and East Main Street. The first librarian was Mrs. E.A Howarth who served in that position for over forty years. When the library was first established, the subscribers who were all local residents paid one dollar ($1) per year as a subscription price to help maintain the library. In 1884 Mr. Grinnell made plans to purchase land and construct a new library by creating a building fund. A lawn party at the Grinnell Estate and a Fair in the Zion Parish Hall raised the sum of three thousand dollars ($3,000). Mr. Grinnell added to this fund by soliciting funds from his family and friends. The present site of the library was purchased in 1886 for the sum of three-hundred fifty dollars ($350) and it was a year later that construction began. Mr. Grinnell chose the Swiss chalet type of design for the new library and plans for the construc- tion were made by Henry M. Congdon of New York City. On October 21, 1887 the new library building was open for public inspection. Mr. Grinnell transferred the control and management of the new library to a Board of Trustees to be held in trust by them for the Village. The library as planned occupied the major east end of the second floor with entrance to same by a circular pair of stairs in the circular stone addition on the southeast corner of the building. A large ornamental brick fireplace and chimney was located in each end of the library room which was heated in winter by a large coal burning stove. An apartment for the librarian occupied the first and second floors of an addition on the north side accessible from the library and from Spring Street. A small apartment for rental occupied the second floor, west end of the building accessible by a stair- way to the street. On the first floor, under the library room was a large store occupied for years by the A.S. Simmonsjewelry store until about the 1920's, when the store was occupied by the Florence Henderson ladies apparel shop. Several decades later the space was taken over by the library in their remodeling program in the 1960's. On the west end under the apartment was the office of the Wappingers Chronicle, which also occupied the entire basement for their printing department. These rentals each month helped to maintain the expenses of the li- brary. There was no central heating system, running water, toilet facilities or electric lighting. Water for the tenants was obtained by hand pumps from a large spring adjacent to the rear of the library building. Illuminating gas produced by the Garner Print Works was used for lighting until 1912 when the library rooms were wired for electric lighting. This old lighting system was replaced in 1961 by a more modern system through the efforts and fund raising of the Wappingers Falls Lions Club. In the early 1920's a central hot water heating system was installed throughout the building re- placing the coal burning stoves. In 1924 the library was made available to the public as a free library. Operating funds were provided each year by both the Village and Town of Wappinger Boards by the taxpayers. At this time, MissJ essie Blythe was the librarian and her brother, Mr. Parker Blythe, was the caretaker. During the 1960's major changes were made to enlarge and improve the library due to the increased patronage and population. The second floor apart- ment and the entire first floor stores were vacated and the space added to enlarge the library. A new entrance and business office were located on the west end first floor and a new modern stairway constructed to the second floor former library rooms. The old entrance to the second floor on the southeast corner was closed and used for an emergency exit only. New book shelves, tables, desks and chairs were installed in the new first floor library room. The former store door entrance was replaced by a large glass window and the floor was carpeted. Air condi- tioning units were installed on both floors for sum- mer use. A completely new fluorescent lighting system was installed on the entire first floor. - At this time, several oil paintings relating to the old Village which were painted by Mr. Clinton W. Clapp, a former Village historian, were restored and given to the library by the Clapp Estate. These paintings are now displayed in the main business office and entrance of the library. The library has grown very rapidly since its beginning in 1887 in the new building. In the year 1917, when the library was thirty years old, the number of books loaned was 14,000 and in 1970, the total circulation was 80,433. Miss Jessie Blythe was succeeded in 1937, by Miss Dorothy M. Merselis as librarian, who was in turn succeeded in 1940 by Miss Frances E. Drace from Catskill, New York, who has held this position to the present time of 1977. Miss Drace is now aided by four part-time assistants. The Grinnell Library has served the public, both old and young, as a reading room and library for the past 110 years, ninety of which have been in the present building. Plans have been drawn and a building fund organized for the new construction of 54 a two-story addition on the north west corner of the present library building. It is to be named the Russell Aldrich rooms in his memory as a former president ofthe Board ofTrustees. Ground breaking took place for this new addition in December 1979. The present building with its outstanding exte- rior design of a Swiss chalet structure has added much prestige to its location near the Zion Episcopal Church and Mesier and Zion Parks. MR. mVlNG GRINNELL In relating a history of the Grinnell Library mention should be made of its founder, Mr. Irving W. Grinnell, who did not live in the Village although he took an active interest in its activities. Mr. Grinnell lived with his wife, Joanna Dorr Howland, on his estate named "Netherwood", lo- cated on the Hudson River about two miles from the Village. Mr. Grinnell was born August 9,1839, the son of Moses Hicks Grinnell and Julia Irving, the niece of Washington Irving. He had two sisters: Julia Irving Grinnell who married George S. Bowdoin and Fanny Grinnell who married Thomas F. Cushing of Boston. Of distinguished ancestry, he was a descendant of Mathew Grenelle, a French Huguenot of noble birth who settled in Rhode Island in 1638. Mr. Grinnell was educated in Columbia College. On April 28, 1863 he married Joanna Dorr Howland of the famous ship building company. In 1864 the young couple bought the Howland estate on the Hudson near New Hamburgh, New York, where they made their home. Mrs. Grinnell died July 1, 1905 at the age of63 years. When a youngman, Mr. Grinnell was very active in sports. While bobsled- ding down Prospect Street hill in the Village one winter.night with several young people, in order to avoid a serious collision, he put out his left leg and in doing so crushed his left ankle, which crippled him for life. Mr. Grinnell was very interested in yachting and ice boating on the Hudson and maintained his own boat house for their storage. He was a former Commodore of the New York Yacht Club. One of Mr. Grinnell's chiefinterests was in Zion Episcopal Church. He was a great friend of Bishop H.Y. Satterlee, a church rector, and he served for years as superintendent of the Sunday School, as head of the supplementary choir and funeral choir and as lay reader ofthe church. He greatly beautified the church by erecting stone arches in the choir and chancel and inlaying the space with mosaic. It is impossible to recount all of his gifts and activities for the welfare ofthe community. He was never absent from a church service, morning or evening, except when snowbound on his estate. At every church service and activity he would be seen in his coach or sleigh being driven by his coachman through all kinds of weather from his estate to the Village or Church meeting. His team of horses would be driven to the horse shed at the rear of the Zion Episcopal Church out of the weather until his return home. Mr. Grinnell served on the vestry since 1875 and was a church warden since 1881. After the loss of his wife, he decided to pay tribute to her memory in the form of a set of chimes installed in the bell tower of Zion Episcopal Church. The Grinnell Library was a joint gift in 1888 to the people of the Village by Mr. and Mrs. Irving Grinnell and was one of several conspicuous evi- dences of the donors' public spirit. Even before the handsome Swiss-like library was built, Mr. Grinnell, for about 20 years, maintained a library and reading room for' the use of the public in the old Mesier residence on Market Street and East Main Street in the Village. Finding that its limited accommoda- tions were outgrown, he built the present structure for a new library. . Mr. Grinnell died in his 82ndyear in May of 1920, as a result of the accident to his left ankle over 40 years previous. His death was a great loss to the Village, especially the Zion Episcopal Church. EARLY FIRE COMPANIES OF THE VILLAGE "During the early part of the 19th century the early settlers saw great possibilities in the construc- tion of mills and factories around the Falls to take advantage of the plentiful water power to operate them, as steam power and engines had not been developed. The Brewers, Mesiers and Benjamin Clapp were the most prominent in the early con- struction of these mills. As these mills were built and houses for their employees constructed, the element offire and conflagration became apparent. These early pioneers decided that there was a need for fire protection and fire companies. - The fire company organized in the Village was the Franklindale Fire Engine Company founded August 28, 1837. Their first fire engine was a hand- operated pumper mounted on four wheels and pulled to the fire location by the firemen. This old pumper was named the "Resurrection". In those days, there was no rubber hose available, and what hose the 55 "'~~~:."".",;;.".,,~;.~::::.~..:.:~;::::~~,-:.,--., firemen had was made of pieces of leather held together in circular form by copper rivets to form a hose which was not very flexible. Buckets made of leather were also used to help fight fires. Asthere were no fire hydrants or water system available until about the 1870's, water had to be pumped from the Wappingers Creek and Lake or from cisterns. One ofthese large cisterns is located under the plot of ground to the north of the Franklindale Baptist Church. The second Fire Company to be formed in the Village was the Wappingers Falls Fire Co. which was organized in 1850. During the first year of operation, a hand pumper was used equipped with two pumps. This pumper was named the "Rough and Ready", and was housed in a small building in lower Market Street. Both of the above fire companies served in fighting the destructive fire of the Clintondale Mill in 1855. FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS ~ealizing that fire protection was very impor- tantfo}lhe Garner or Dutchess Print Works vast factory complex, which then included the Franklindale Cotton factory and over 100 wood- frame tenement houses and store buildings spread over several blocks of streets on the lower section of the Village, it was decided, in addition to the organi- zation of the W.T. Garner Steam Fire Engine Co. No. 1 in 1869, to construct a fire tower to alert and summon the volunteer firemen to fires. The Garner Print Works constructed a fire tower about 100 feet high on a hill about 75 feet to the rear ofthe then new Garner Fire Headquarters on lower Market Street. This tower was a wood-frame en- closed structure about 30 feet square at the base and tapering up about five stories to an open platform where the large bronze bell was mounted. Above this open platform and to protect the bell was an uncovered balcony surrounded by railing as an ob- servation platform. Access to the bell and upper balcony was by a series of wooden stairs from the ground entrance. In the center ofthe upper balcony was a 30 foot wooden flag pole, on the top of which was mounted a bronze statue, about four feet high, ofa fireman dressed with his coat, boots and helmet blowing a fire trumpet. About 1895 this statue was blown off the top of the flagpole during a heavy wind storm and landed in the yard of the Popper family living next door. The statue was never replaced but was succeeded by a large weather vane in its place. On all holidays, the American flag would be flown over the tower. The large bronze bell which was about three feet in diameter at the base, and weighing about two tons, was mounted on and hung from an iron stirrup in bearings allowing the bell to swing for ringing. A bell hammer under the bell provided the bell to be tolled. Ringing or tolling of the bell was done by a person or operator from the second floor of the tower by heavy ropes passing through the several floors to the bell. Whenever a fire occurred, the person giving the alarm would either have to run or go by horse- back to the fire tower, where he would have to climb the stairs to the second floor and pull down on the heavy rope to ring the bell and sound the alarm. This fire bell could be heard all over the Village where most of the volunteer firemen lived and worked. They could be seen running to their fire headquar- ters from where they would pull the two-wheeled hose wagon or hand pumper to the fire location prior to the 1900's. This bell was also used by the Garner Print Works every day by the watchman on duty at the Market Street main office and gates for tolling the bell nine times each night at nine o'clock as a curfew and five times each morning at 5:00 a.m. to arouse their employees from sleep so they could get to work in their factory. This bell tolling was also the means of checking their spring-wound clocks and watches as to the correct time. This was long before the advent of the electric clocks of today. The night watchman who performed the task of tolling this bell each day for many years was Mr. Edgar Briggs, who could be seen each night walking from his headquar- ters in the main office building down Market Street to the tower in all kinds of weather, carrying his kerosene oil lantern to light the way. This old fire alarm bell continued to serve the Village from the 1870's until 1908 when the tower and Garner Fire Headquarters were included in the sale of all the Garner Print Works complex to the new owners, the Garner Print Works and Bleachery. Under the new ownership, it was decided that a faster method should be provided for ringing the bell and turning in a fire alarm. People in and around the Village were beginning to install and use the telephone connected to a central telephone office whereby fires could be reported to the telephone operator who, in turn, could turn in the alarm. A contract was awarded to a Fire Alarm Co. to install this new system. A battery operated electric magnetic hammer was installed under the old tower bell replacing the old bell hammer, whereby the alarm would be tolled instead of ringing. This, however, was not loud enough to be satisfactory. Control wires were installed on existing utility poles to the central office ofthe telephone company which was located on the second floor of the T.J. Cashin 56 undertaking business on Main Street. About five years later, the new owners of the Garner Print Works found that decay of the wooden tower timbers and outside wood sheathing made it necessary to discontinue the fire bell system and tear down the historic tower. To do this, some other system offire alarm service would have to be made for the Village. This tower is pictured on lower Market Street in the center of a print of the entire Village made about 1889, copies of which have been sold by the Wappingers Historical Society. As the Garner Print Works and Bleachery was operating their hydroelectric power station with attendants on a twenty-four hour basis, they set up a new system of fire alarm service to replace the original fire tower and bell. A new 3 horsepower, 3 phase electric driven fire siren was installed half way up on the steel frame work supporting the then new steel water tank that had been erected on top of Roys Hill. This location made an excellent spot for the fire siren as it was located high above the Village and was readily heard by the residents. Three- phase electric power was readily available at the electric power station located just below the hill. When a fire alarm was to be sounded, a phone call would be made to the power station attendant, who in turn would operate the siren for the district in which the fire was located. The siren was also operated each day at twelve o'clock noon for test purposes. This system served the Village for several years, when, due to a change of management in the Bleachery, the same fire siren was moved from the water tank frame on Roys Hill to the top of a 50 foot wood pole structure located to the rear ofthe Central Hudson Gas & Electric Co. building, now the Knights of Columbus building on East Main Street. As the New York Telephone Co. central office was located on the second floor of this building, arrange- ments were made to have the telephone operators operate the fire siren when calls for help were phoned in. The siren was also operated each day at twelve o'clock noon for test purposes. At the start of World War II, sirens were used to alert people living in the villages and cities for air raids and night blackouts. These sirens were fur- nished by the United States Government, and one was obtained to augment the older fire siren. A new 5 horsepower electric siren was mounted on a wood pole structure directly in the rear of the Mesier Homestead where the police station is also located. It was arranged so that the two sirens would operate together from a push button switch located in the police department instead ofthe telephone office. This system is in operation in the 1970's for fire alarm service and for test purposes each day at twelve o'clock noon. Since the 1920's, new volunteer fire companies and their siren alarm systems have been established around the perimeter of the Village. W.T. GARNER ENGINE CO. NO.1 In 1869 the William T. Garner Engine Company No. 1 was founded and was a successor to the original Franklindale Fire Co. that was organized in 1837. At the time of the change over, Mr. Frank Allen was the Fire Chief. Mr. John Hunter was the first charter member and the first foreman and president of the new company. William T. Garner, who was the owner of the large Dutchess Print Works complex, made a gift to the newly organized fire company of a new coal- Old Garner Engine House, lower Market Street, showing horse- drawn steam fire engine of 1869. 57 .'~~'L~2;::'i2:Z::;:;:;;::,;O._"'7.~' fired, steam-operated fire pump, mounted on four large wheels and pulled by a team of horses with a driver. This was in contrast to the hand-operated and hand-pulled "Resurrection" hand engine that was replaced by the new gift. Mr. Garner had erected a new two-story brick building on lower Market Street across from the Dutchess Print Works' main office to house the new engine. The first floor contained space for a new steamer pump and a two-wheeled hand drawn hose wagon which carried about 500 feet of 2 1/2" fire hose. The front end ofthe second floor was a meeting room and contained trophies and pictures of city fires. The rear room containing a pool table was for recreation. A small brick building was constructed near the north side of the building as a stable for a team of horses required to pull the new steamer to fires. It was used only a short time when the horses were moved to the Print Works stable a few blocks further down Market Street. A two-wheeled, horse-drawn dump cart also provided by the Dutchess Print Works responded to an alarm with the pumper and hose wagon to transport a supply of coal, extra fire hose, rubber coats, boots and helmets to a fire. The first fire that the new steamer was called to was the Faulkner barns on lower Market Street at 2:00 a.m. Mr. James Gilmore, who was a boiler- maker at the Dutchess Print Works, was the engi- neer in charge of the steamer at all fires for several decades. Each week for many years on his way to work, he would inspect and "turn over" the engine pistons to keep the pumper in first-class operating condition and check the boiler for correct water level and leaks. Mr. Gilmore was on thejob at all times to answer fire alarms and operate the steam pump. This steamer served the Village well from 1869 to 1918, a period of 49 years, when motorized equip- ment replaced it When the Village was incorporated in 1871, the W. T. Garner Engine Co. became a Village organiza- tion and controlled the operations of the company. In 1918 the Village Board of Trustees purchased the first motorized fire apparatus to replace the old Garner steam pumper. It was a LaVerne chemical and hose truck without a pumper. It did not prove satisfactory because the firemen had to rely strictly on the hydrant water pressure to fight fires and were unable to pump water from other sources. This chemical and hose truck was replaced by village officials in November, 1929 with an Ameri- can-LaFrance combination pumper and hose truck. The old fire house, constructed and o~ed by Garner Print Works in the 1860's on lower Market Street, was purchased by the Village for five hun- dred dollars ($500) from the new owners, the Dutchess Bleachery, in the 1920's. It was in use until 1940 when a new and larger headquarters and a new location were desired. A plot of ground on the south side of West Acad- emy Street adjoining the Clinton Clapp property, on which a barn and stable were located for years, was purchased from the Clapp estate by the Village. Plans were drawn for the erection of a two-story brick fire company headquarters with all modern equipment which replaced the oldbarn. Itcontained a basement for a kitchen, dining room and storage. The first floor with two large entrance doors to the street contained space for two pieces of fire fighting equipment and a reading room in the rear. The Fireman's Parade, Sept. 30 1905 58 The W. T. Garner Engine Co. #1 first motorized fire apparatus in the Village on parade after World War I in 1919. It was a LaVerne combination chemical and hose truck. second floor was a large meeting room. In 1969, an addition was erected on the rear of the building for more space. This new fire station has a better location in the central part ofthe Village at a higher location than the old original station located on lower Market Street in a valley. In 1967, the Gamer Engine Company obtained through the Village a new 75 foot aerial extension ladder truck which is housed in the above West Academy Street station. This new ladder truck has been very valuable to the firemen of both companies in fighting fires over the roofs of the shopping plazas and the higher buildings along the main streets. The Village in the late 1960's replaced the origi- nal American-LaFrance pumper and hose truck with it new and larger American-LaFrance truck with greater pumping capacity and better equip- ment. The Gamer Fire Company isnow very well equipped for fire protection in the Village. The W.T. Gamer Engine Co. No.1 celebrated its 100th anniversary offounding with several days of activities ending with a large fire-a-matic parade with visiting fire companies and bands on Saturday, September 17, 1937. On the preceding Friday evening, a large dark-town parade headed by the Wappingers Falls Lions Club paraded through the main streets ofthe Village followed by block dancing in Mesier Park. Judging of the visiting fire compa- nies and bands for prizes was done from the upper porch of the Hotel Terminal Square on West Main Street by the followingjudges: Supervisor Joseph V. Lyons of the Town of Poughkeepsie; Supervisor Edward R. Scofield of the Town of Wappingers; Police Justice Patrick J. Burnett; Justice of the Peace Robert L. Campbell; Justice of the Peace Ralph H. Dederer. The Gamer firemen should celebrate their 150th anniversary in 1987. W.T. Garner Engine 59 S.w. JOHNSON ENGINE COMPANY NO. 2 ~e S.W. Johnson Engine Company No.2 was organized April 2, 1872, their predecessor being the Wappingers Falls Fire Company, which was orga- nized in 1850. This new fire company was named in honor of the man who was manager of the Dutchess Print Works at the time. Its first fire pumper was the old "Rough and Ready" hand operated and hand- drawn inherited from the old organization. The Chief Engineer of the new company, with sixteen charter members, was Fred Allen. The old "Rough and Ready" hand pumper was stored in the small building, formerly a stable, next to the W.T. Garner Fire headquarters on lower Market Street. The new company used the meeting room of the Garner Co. for their headquarters. Chief Engineer Fred Allen started a subscription for a larger and more powerful hand engine. He succeeded by having all the citizens ofthe Village contribute two dollars each toward the purchase. On March 22, 1872 a hand pumper called the "Old Delaware" was pur- chased in Port Jervis and the Johnson Co. was organized. The first fire that the new pumper was called to was the D.R. Remsen barn on the east side of South Avenue in the summer of 1872. The "Old Delaware" hand engine was replaced in 1885 by a used hand- engine purchased from the Young America Hose co. of Poughkeepsie for $400. It was later sold to a Veteran Fire Co. in Marblehead, Massachusetts for $150. The Johnson Company remain ed only a few years in the small brick building on lower Market Street, moving to the old Village "Lock-Up" building on Mill Street in 1873. In 1885 they moved to the building on the corner of Mill and Main Street. Again, in1891, the Johnson Co. moved to a buildin"g formerly the Mesier family barn east of the Mesier Homestead. In 1900 the Company moved to the west side of the bridge to a three-story brick building known as the Temperance Hall located on West Main Street at the corner of West Street. The three-story brick building known as the Temperance Hall which was owned by Mr. Thomas Kelley at the corner of West Main Street and West Street. It was the headquarters of the S. W. Johnson Engine Co. No.2 on first and second floors and was destroyed by fire March 20, 1920. 60 The S. W. Johnson Steam Fire Engine Co. No.2 on parade com- ing down East Main Street and crossing the stone bridge Septem- ber 30, 1905. While in this location, in 1902, the Village Board, with Mr. Arthur S. Peacock, a local druggist, as president, purchased a new LaFrance steam-driven pumper mounted on four wheels and pulled by a teafu of horses for the sum offour thousand dollars ($4,000). This new and modem fire pumper re- placed the old and obsolete hand-operated pumper that was purchased from the Young America Hose Co. in Poughkeepsie. The fire hose was carried by a two-wheeled hose cart pulled to a fire by the firemen and was similar to the one of the Gamer Fire Company. The S. W. Johnson Steam Fire Engine Co. No.2 on parade in 1906 rounding the corner from East Main Street to South Avenue. In the rear is Mesier Park before the intersection was widened and paved. On March 15, 1920 the above steamer was destroyed in a disastrous fire that burned out their headquarters on West and West Main Street. 61 "1 'fll _ ':'='i:~~~:""'~"."~ .-.....~-_......'.- '~-_..-._..,~...-.~~-~--",-_.._----- S. W. Johnson Engine Co. School Street and West Main Street. Erected in the 1940's. In this new and more modern location, the John- son Company expanded their membership very rap- idly. They occupied the first floor as the apparatus room and the second floor was used as their meeting room. On the night of March 15, 1920 the motor-man and conductor ofthe Wappingers Falls-Poughkeepsie electric trolley car on its last run to Poughkeepsie discovered the Johnson Engine Co. Headquarters in flames and turned in the fire alarm. The fire had gotten such a head start that the entire contents of the building, including the new LaFrance steam pumper, hose wagon, furniture, parade uniforms and company records, were destroyed, which left the Village protected with only the fire apparatus of the Garner Company. The Johnson Company was provided with tempo- rary quarters in the Eagan building on Givens Av- enue for a period of about ten years. While in this location, they celebrated their 50th anniversary with a banquet with Anthony Hoolihan as chair- man. For many ofthose 50 years of its existence, the Johnson firemen used a hand engine pumper which was pulled to the fire by the firemen. In the early 1920's after the disastrous fire, the Village Board supplied the Johnson Company with a Chevrolet truck with a pumper attached to the engine front and fire hose carried in the rear truck as a temporary use until other plans could be made. In 1928 this apparatus was replaced by a large Mack pumper and hose truck. In 1953 a new Mack pumper was acquired and again replaced in 1971 by a third Mack pumper of 1,000 gallons per minute capacity. This new pumper was painted a tan color instead of the traditional red color offormer fire apparatus. After being located on Givens Avenue for a period often years, a new fire station was erected by Village officials for the Johnson Company on a plot of ground on the south side of School Street and West Main Street. Plans were drawn for the erection of a new two-story brick building on this location. This first floor accommodated two pieces of apparatus with an entrance door for each. The second floor contained a large meeting room and a large recreation room. The basement was for storage and entertainment use. This new building is very impressive in appear- ance and is one the Johnson firemen are very proud of having for their headquarters. On April 23, 1971, 50-year members of the Johnson Engine Company were honored. These men were: Joseph Delehanty, John Curran, Frank Lyons, Joseph Fries, VinnentHerring, Vincent Lahey and James Bain. MAJOR VILLAGE FIRES 'Ti;om the early days ofthe Village ofW appingers Fatls, ;~ had several disastrous fires in the newly established factories which resulted in the founding of the two original fire companies. The first was the Franklindale Fire Engine Co. with the hand pumper named "Resurrection" in 1837, and later the Wappingers Falls Fire Company with the fire pumper the "Rough and Ready" in 1850. The first major fire in the Village was the destruc- tion of the Clinton dale Mill in 1855. Some of the ruins ofthe stone building, which was never rebuilt, may still be seen at the northeast corner ofthe stone bridge. The following year, in 1856, fire destroyed the entire building of the Dutchess Print Works which was rebuilt the following year with many improve- ments. Later, in 1873, fire destroyed the dye-house building on the same property. About 1870 fire destroyed the Faulkner Estate barns on lower Mar- ket Street. This was the first fire in which the new Garner steam fire engine participated. An incident which happened on February 11, 1871, relating to fire fighting which was outside of the Village, should be mentioned as it indicates the courage of the volunteer firemen in fighting fires with their less efficient and hand-operated equip- ment. The following paragraph was taken from an old record written at the time over 100 years ago: "What was considered one of the worst rail- road accidents in history up until that time in 1871 occurred at the New Hamburg drawbridge on the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, where 62 several passenger cars left the rails and were being destroyed by fire. A call was made to the Village for assistance and help and in response, the "Old Resur- rection" hand pumper was pulled to New Hamburg over the ice at a 10 degree below zero temperature and gave what service it could until the new Garner steamer arrived with its more powerful and consis- tent stream of water swept the burning railroad coaches from end to end and allowed the saving of many lives and the removal of burned bodies. All night long Mr. Edward Long, the engineer on the Garner steamer, stuck to his post covered with ice from the spray of water from the hoses. A coal cart from the Dutchess Print Works brought down a load of coal as fuel for the engine. The firemen saved many lives of passengers in the wrecked cars." About 11:00 p.m. in 1873, fire entirely destroyed the Disbrow Foundry located on the north side of East Main Street which is now occupied by the Shaker, Travis and Quinn building. Being located in the center of the Village, it was feared at the time that the entire Village would be destroyed. Due to the effort of the Gamer Engine Co. with their newly acquired steam fire engine and the S.W. Johnson Engine Co. with their hand pumper, the surround- ing buildings were saved. From the very nature of the business, the woodwork throughout the struc- ture was dry as tinder and the flames spread with unusual rapidity. Only a few feet separated the west foundry wall from the east wall ofthe wooden build- ing on Mill Street. The new Gamer streamer obtained its water from a water reservoir at the rear of the Zion Epis- copal Church. The Johnson hand pumper obtained its supply of water from a large cistern at the rear of the Sweet Orr building. Frank Allen was fire chief at the time assisted by James Threllfalt, the Garner foreman and Robert Bennett, the Johnson foreman. The Sweet Orr & Co. who had just established their factory next door to the foundry on Mill Street obtained their power from the steam engine which operated the foundry. When this engine was de- stroyed, the Sweet Orr Co. lost its operating power and was temporarily closed until a new source of power was established. The foundry buildings were never reconstructed Fire destroys the three-story frame store and apartment building known as the Smith building, built about 1893 on the southeast corner of East Main and Market Streets on February 16, 1959. The remains of the building were torn down and never replaced, leaving a big gap in the business section of the Village. It has since been replaced by a small one-story office building. 63 and the business was moved to a new location on the New Hamburg Road next to the lower Wappingers Creek about two miles south ofthe Village. It was later known as the R.J. & T. Stuart Foundry, which operated steadily until about 1920, when it was closed and later purchased by Mr. W.W. Reese, who had an adjoining estate and dismantled it. One of the largest and most destructive fires occurred in October 1885 when the Franklindale Cotton Factory, which was then owned and operated by the Gamer Print Works, was totally destroyed and never rebuilt A story of this fire which was written in the old "Wappingers Chronicle" at the time is related elsewhere in the chapter on factories under the name of the Franklindale Manufacturing Co. On August 4, 1894, during a severe thunder- storm, lightning struck the tall brick steeple of St. Mary's Church on Clinton Street, igniting the wood- work on top of the steeple. Due to its height, this was a difficult fire to extinguish by the firemen as they were not equipped with any aerial ladders and trucks. However, it was brought under control by the firemen before any damage was done to the Church. The steeple was later rebuilt at a lower height. On December 29, 1892 one ofthe original wooden buildings built by the Brewer family on the corner of East Main Street and Market Street was destroyed by fire. This was the building where the Grinnell , Library originally started and where it remained for about twenty years. It was also occupied by many of the prominent and early settlers for short periods of time. The site was cleared and in its place John and George B. Smith erected the three-story frame build- ing known as the Smith block. The first floor originally contained the Smith Brothers bakery, ice cream and confectionery store, Stripples Meat Mar- ket and Knapps Gents Furniture Store. The two upper floors contained several apartments. The outside of the building was covered with ornamental sheet metal with cast iron columns and made a very imposing sight in the main intersection of the Vil- lage. After a period of67 years, it was destroyed and gutted by fire of undetermined origin about 3:00 a.m. on the morning of February 16, 1959. A two-story building of similar design erected on the east side and adjacent to the main building and occupied on the first floor by Tardiff's Jewelry Store was also destroyed. The loss ofthis building complex made an unsightly gap in the business district as it was never rebuilt. The fire was brought under control by the two local fire companies, assisted by the O.H. Booth Hose Company with their high aerial ladder truck and the Chelsea, Hughsonville and New Hamburg Fire Companies under the direction of Fire Chief Nicholas Fusaro. Due to the metal covering, it was very hard to get water on the covered flames and fight the fire. The land was later sold, and two one-story concrete block buildings were constructed for a shoe store and a law office. On January 3, 1904 fire destroyed a steam laun- dry building next door to the R.N. Cumming Cigar Manufacturing Shop on Market Street which was never rebuilt. This was the first major fire in which the S. W. Johnson Company's new LaFrance steamer took part and it made quite a favorable impression with the firemen and Village officials as to its perfor- mance. Another bad fire occurred on a cold Sunday morn- ing of January 4, 1904, on Park Street when the home of Mr. Ira Hall, the manager ofthe S.G. & J.T. Smith Department Store on East Main Street, took fire from an overheated furnace, completely destroy- ing the building. It also set fire to the next door homes of Dr. J. VanWagner and William Henderson, both of which were badly damaged and were later restored. The firemen were badly hampered by the extreme cold temperature and snow and the freez- ing of their hoses. A new home was later erected on the Hall site by Mr. Fred Tibbs, a local magazine and newspaper dealer in the Village. On March 14, 1916 the one-story furniture store of Goring & Flynn and the men's furnishing store of Moses Baum on the east side of West Main Street were destroyed and later replaced by the Morettoni building which was a three-story brick structure. A few years later the O'Dell's Bakery and Scianna's dry goods store next door to the above Morettoni building was damaged by fire and later restored for other purposes. A few years later, on March 15, 1920, fire de- stroyed the three-story brick building on the north- east corner of West Main Street and West Street known as the Temperance Hall building owned by Mr. Thomas Kelly, a local meat market owner. This was the building occupied by the S.W. Johnson Engine Co. No.2 on the first and second floors and by the Ancient Order of Hibernans Lodge on the third floor. As noted in another chapter, the Johnson Engine Co. fire fighting equipment, including the LaFrance pumper, was a total loss. The remains of the building were removed and after several years, the property changed ownership and a new resi- dence was erected on same. In the early 1920's fire partially destroyed an old landmark in the Village known for years as Roys Drug Store at the southwest comer of the stone bridge. This building was constructed in 1824 by George W. Brower. As this building is adjacent to the bridge, it had to be raised on its foundation three 64 times to meet the front of it. This building was a two- story wooden frame construction with two stores on the first floor and an apartment on the second floor. The building and drug store business had been purchased by a Mr. Appicella who occupied the apartment from the Roy Estate. Mr. Appicella removed the entire damaged second floor apartment replacing it with a new roof. The Academy Theatre on West Main Street was destroyed at night by fire in the late 1930's. It was later replaced by a new brick theatre building of more modern design. Also in the thirties, fire originating in Mabies livery stable at the rear of the Sweet-Orr factory destroyed the Park Theatre building on Spring Street and also a wetwash laundry building next to the theatre. These buildings were never rebuilt, but the American Legion Building on Spring Street occupies the site. During the thirties, fire destroyed an old wooden structure on East Main and Mill Street owned by A. Seaman Hunt, Jr. as a tire and auto supply store and, also, the grocery store next door operated by Amedio Silvestri. Mr. Silvestri purchased the prop- erty and erected the present brick one-story building which he occupied on the east side as a grocery store for several years. The west side was occupied by the Robert Lee Store owned by Mr. Albert I. Epstein. Mr. Epstein purchased the property from Mr. Silvestri. Fire partially destroyed the three-story Beggs building on Market Street in the 1940's. This build- ingwas another old landmark built in the latter part of the 19th century. The building was repaired and modernized with apartments on the two upper floors and three stores on the ground floor. In 1933 fire destroyed another old landmark on East Main Street just west of the Grinnell Library known as the Dr. Roe building. It was a two-story frame building with a doctor's office and an apart- ment 'on he second floor, and two stores on the first floor. The remains ofthe building were removed and the property purchased by Dr. Freeman S. O'Brien who had an office in the old building. Dr. O'Brien erected a one-story frame office building on the site which he occupied for several years. The building was later sold to and occupied for several years by the Wappingers Shopper Newspaper as an office. Another old landmark on the east side of Market Street, which was owned for many years by the old Dutchess Print Works, was partially destroyed by fire in the 1950's. This building, constructed in 1850, was a two-story brick building about 122 feet long containing several stores on the first floor and four apartments with attic bedrooms on the second floor. One of the principal stores was occupied for many '" years by the I.T.N. Harcourt General Store which sold all kinds of groceries, feed, hardware and farm implements until it closed in the late 1915's. The store also maintained a horse shed for bad weather conditions for its delivery wagon and a store house for the farm implements directly across the street. Fire, originating at night in one of the second-floor apartments, destroyed all the apartments. As the first floor stores were only water damaged, the entire damaged second floor was removed and a new flat roof installed. Most of the first floor is now occupied by the McGoo's Tavern. The preceding list of major fires shows that the Village ofWappingers Falls had its share of major factory and business fires although the fire loss of dwellings was very small. The two local fire depart- ments are to be commended over the years for their devotion of time and effort without compensation for the protection of the Village. VILLAGE POLICE DEPARTMENT When the Village was incorporated in 1871 a Police Departmentwas established which, no doubt, consisted oftwo officers, each working a twelve-hour $hift. Not much information can be found relating to their early department with the exception that in 1888 Mr. James Dalton was the Chief of Police. At the turn of the 19th century the Chief of Police was Mr. Thomas Fitzpatrick, a tall thin man who lived with his family in the rear part of the Mesier Homestead and acted as caretaker of this building and the Mesier Park. He was assisted by Mr. Daniel Laffin, both officers working alternately on a twelve- hour shift. These early officers had no telephone service, police headquarters or cars for transporta- tion and were on duty on their feet most of the working shift. They wore dark blue uniforms with a high helmeted hat. The lock-up or jail was in the basement of a small building of a cabinet maker's shop on the east side of Mill Street. Police Chief Fitzpatrick retired about 1907 and was succeeded by Officer Daniel Laffin as Chief, who in turn was replaced by a new officer, Dennis Lahey and a relief officer, Salvatore Trill. About 1918 the Village rented the old building on the southeast .comer of the bridge which formerly was the office of the Franklindale Manufacturing Co. to be used as a police headquarters. This idea proved very beneficial to the officers as they had a headquarters in e center of the business section of the Village with protection from the weather and telephone service. The lock-up or jail was set up in the basement of the building where prisoners could 65 ~ '. i be held until transferred to the Dutchess County Jail in Poughkeepsie. During these years, the Village established an eight-hour working day with three officers on the force replacing the twelve hour shift. The third officer was Mr. Edward "Ted" Eagan who remained on the force for several years and replaced Officer Laffin as Chief when he retired. The Police Depart- ment received its first police or prowl car at this time. During this decade a motorcycle patrol was established throughout the Village with officers George Foster, Jr. and officer Curran as operators. It was later discontinued. In the latter part of the 1930's the police station was moved to a new location in the Begg's building on the east side of Market Street. Mr. Joseph Costa became a new member ofthe Police Department and in later years became Police Chief. In the early 1940's the police station was moved from the Begg's building on Market Street to the west room ofMesier Homestead as an economy move in saving rent and as a protection against fire and vandalism to the Homestead and Park. This change also made it possible for the police department to operate and control the Village fire alarm systems on a 24 hour basis from the police station instead of the telephone office. In the early 1950's, a radio communication sys- tem was installed for operation between the police station and police patrol cars. , Today, in 1977, under Chief of Police Harold Brilliant, there are five steady and several part-time police officers in service with several patrol cars. THE VILLAGE SCHOOLS ~e Village ofWappingers Falls did not have any schools before 1830. Mr. Benjamin Clapp, one of the early settlers and a very ambitious man, thought some provision should be made to educate the chil- dren of the Village without going to the nearest school district which was in Oak Grove, a distance of about four miles. Mr. Clapp, at his own expense, decided to build a two-room school on the land just east of Market Street and supplied the teachers at his own expense. In 1835 a new school was constructed on the corner of Church Street and West Main Street and named the Ednam Village School. This school was located on the west side of the Creek, in what was known as Channingville, and was used for 21 years. In 1845 the Village School District was divided into two school districts with the west side of the Creek, known as Channingville, named District No. 1 in the Town of Poughkeepsie and the east side District No.2 in the Town ofWappingers. In 1866 a new school was constructed on the corner of School Street and Roy Avenue. This school was of two-story brick construction with four classrooms on each floor and an entrance on each side. The school was under the supervision of Professor Edward M. Drake who was principal for 39 years. When the Wappingers School Districts were centralized, this school was closed and the building was sold. Two years earlier, in 1864, a new two-story brick school building was constructed in District No.2, on The first large brick eight-room school building built in the Village in 1864 on East AcademyStreet and Mesier Avenue and known as Union Free School District No.2, which is now part of the Central Dutchess Nursing Home. 66 the east side of the Creek. This building contained four classrooms on each floor with an entrance on each side of the building with a belfry on the left or west side. It was constructed on the comer ofMesier Avenue and East Academy Street. Both Districts' No.1 and No.2 school buildings were similar in appearance, and each school had a belfry with a large bronze beU to summon the students to class. Neither school had indoor toilets, electric lighting, running drinking water or recreational rooms, but were heated by steam heat in later years. The District No.2 school was taught by seven female teachers under the supervision of Professor Samuel Mansfield. Most aU the students walked to and from the school to their homes, twice each day. A 15 minute recess was held both morning and afternoon for pupil recreation. Sports activities were un- known. After several decades of service as principal, Professor Mansfield, who resided for many years in a brick mansion on South Avenue, which was re- cently dismantled for the New York Telephone Co. building, was succeeded by a Professor Thomas Lockhart in 1906 until 1909. Professor Lockhart was a taU, thin man who was very strict in his profession. As no high school facilities were available in the Village, and the grade school was overcrowded, the School Board had plans drawn for a new two-story and basement brick addition to be built on the west front side of the old school building, and other improvements were made to the old school halls and entrances. A new forced, hot air heating and venti- lating system was installed to replace the old steam heating system and boiler. New indoor toilet facili- ties with running water were installed in the base- ment. The new addition contained two classrooms on the first floor for grade students and two large classrooms on the second floor for grade students and two large classrooms on the second floor for the first and second grade high school students. The school was operated under the direction of Professor Ballard from New Hamburg. After Professor Ballard's short term in office, he was succeeded in 1911 by Professor Pulling. During his term of office, a fourth grade high school was added. Due to me steady increase in student enrollment, the Board of Education found it necessary to con- struct a second addition to the District No.2 School. In the early 1920's plans were drawn for the addition ofa two-story brick building on the north end of the old school adjacent to Mesier Avenue. Also included was a new one-story gymnasium and auditorium extending from the new addition toward the west. This was the first gymnasium and auditorium con- The Wappingers Central School built in 1940. 67 structed in the school district which enabled the students to participate in physical and dramatic education. A large and imposing entrance to me new high school addition and the new auditorium was con- structed on the east, or Mesier Avenue, side of the new building. The west end of the auditorium was equipped with stage and back drop with scenery and curtain for dramatic work. In the rear, or entrance; was a moving picture booth for movies or stage lighting effects. This new auditorium was also a great benefit to the Village people and organizations for dramatic plays, dances and other activities. Professor Pulling was succeeded as supervising principal by Professor John B. Goff who came from Tupper Lake, N ew York in 1933. During his term of office, the high school grades had now doubled. . In 1927 Miss Georgianna L. Gurney from Allston, Massachusetts, came to the Wappingers High School as teacher and later Vice Principal as Assistant to Professor Goff. In April 1936 Professor Goff was succeeded by Professor Raymond L. Collins as supervising princi- pal. In 1940 the N ew York State Education Depart- ment required that all school districts be centralized with all classes from kindergarten to twelfth grade located in the one building. This resulted in the closing of the District No.1 grade school, the new Wappingers High and grade school in District No. ~, and all the small rural schools in the surrounding districts including Hughsonville and New Ham- burg. The Board of Education purchased a large tract of land adjoining the south end ofthe Village at Maple Street and extending south to the Middlebush Road. On this land was erected one ofthe largest and most attractive school buildings for miles around, which was the beginning of the huge Wappingers Central School District. A large garage and repair shop was also con- structed to the west to care for the new school busses which was also the start of the huge Wappingers Central School busing system. A large athletic and football field was also built, and it, too, was the beginning of a football team, a marching band, and other outdoor athletic activi- ties. This new school building of sturdy brick construc- tion contained many classrooms, the school office, manual training rooms and a large gymnasium. Also, to the right of the main front entrance was a large and beautiful auditorium completely equipped with seating and a stage with a curtain and scenery where shows and school activities could be pre- sented. Over the main front entrance of the school was constructed a brick tower with an open-face clock facing the main drive from Remsen Avenue. The Wappingers Central School District grew very rapidly due to the construction of new homes and apartment buildings in and around the terri- tory. Since 1940 there has been constructed a total of 14 new school buildings in the District. They com- prise the original which is now known as the Junior High School and was followed by the James S. Evans School on Route 9 just outside the Village. On Myers Corners Road was constructed the Myers Corners School and the latest, Roy C. Ketcham High School. In the Towns of Fishkill and East Fishkill are lo- cated the Van Wyck and Fishkill Plains School and south of Hopewell Junction is the Gayhead School; south on Route 52 is the John Jay High School and on Route 82, the Brinckerhoff School. On the west side of the Creek, in the Town of Poughkeepsie, was also constructed additional schools, including the Sheafe Road School, Oak Grove School, Vassar Road and Rimy Road Schools. The creation of this large territory of schools resulted in the establishment of a huge school bus system for the daily transportation of thousands of school students to and from their homes. In 1940, when centralization was first estab- lished in the new Wappingers Central School build- ing on Remsen Avenue, the old high school buildings on Mesier Avenue were closed. It remained idle for a few years and was then sold to the General Case Co. as a factory for the manufacture of jewelry and eyeglass cases. After several years of operation, this compRny discontinued business and the buildings were ac- quired by the Central Dutchess Nursing Home for the care ofsick and elderly patients which is still in operation in 1975. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, located on the west side of the Village on Clinton Street, estab- lished and built a school under the direction of the Rev. Cornelius V. Mahony in the latter part of the 19th century for the religious and scholastic educa- tion of the Catholic children of the Village. A two-story and basement brick building was constructed just south of St. Mary's Church. The first floor was made into an assembly hall or audito- rium with a stage. The second floor contained four school rooms supervised by the Sisters or Nuns of the parish, who lived in the convent nearby and taught up to the eighth grade of school. In 1921, when the Rev. John P. Hines was pastor, he enlarged the school and had modern plumbing and running water installed. When Father Hines passed away in 1925, he was succeeded by the Rev. John J.Loughlin, who made 68 many improvements to the church property. One of the outstanding jobs was the building of a new 17 room, one-story modern brick school building and auditorium which replaced the old structure on the same grounds. The old school building had been torn down, and the new school building continues to educate pupils through the eighth grade, after which they attend the local high school of the Central School District. THE WAPPINGER SAVINGS BANK ~e first Bank to serve the Village was the Wappinger Savings Bank, which was incorporated April 23, 1869. The organizational meetings were held in the circulating library rooms, and the depos- its were first accepted in the Sweet and Barlow store. The incorporators and first trustees were J. Nelson Luckey, Irving Grinnell, Samuel Brown, Thomas J. Jaycox, Elias Brown, Henry Mesier, Andrew Jack- son, William B. Millard, Benjamin Clapp, A.W. Armstrong, Rev. Dennis Sheehan, John R. Phillips, Samuel W. Johnson, Josiah Faulkner, LT. Nichols, J.D. Harcourt, Clayton E. Sweet, Edward M. Goring, Abraham D. Smith, Henry Suydam, Francis Myers, Z.V. Hasbrouck and Daniel McKinley. The first officers were Samuel W. Johnson, Presi- dent; LT. Nichols, first Vice President; Clayton E. Sweet, Secretary and Treasurer. Mr. Johnson was President ofthe Bank until his death on December 12, 1881, and was succeeded by W. Henry Reese, who was elected January 6, 1882. In 1871, two months before the Village was incor- porated, the Bank location was moved to the first floor of the south end of the three-story brick build- ing on Mill Street, which was owned by the Garner Print Works and which is now owned by the Town of Wappinger. The amount of deposits of that time was about $169,000 and the number of depositors was about 700. In 1877 when the Savings Bank, which had closed its doors for a few years, was reorganized, W. Henry Reese, the cashier of the institution, became the Treasurer of the Wappinger Savings Bank and held the position until May, when he was succeeded by William A. Brewster, who was in turn succeeded by Mr. Kenneth R. Van Voorhis as President. During Mr. Van Voorhis' term of office, the Bank acquired a plot ofland with a two-family house to the north and adjoining the building in which they were located. In 1956 the house was demolished and the Bank constructed a modern brick one-story building on the land for their new location. A large parking lot was constructed at the rear of the building. Mr. Kenneth Van Voorhis was succeeded by Mr. Carlton Relyea who retired in 1975 who, in turn, was succeeded by Mr. Anthony Silvestri. In 1976 the Bank acquired the two residences and land directly across Mill Street from the Bank for additional parking space for their depositors. The two houses were removed and the land was blacktopped and laid out for parking. In 1973 the Wappinger Savings Bank merged with the Fishkill Savings Bank bringing together two community banks with a tradition of thrift dating back to 1857 and 1869 and merging to form what is now known as the Mid-Hudson Savings The Wappinger Savings Bank oc- cupied the left first floor end from 1871 to 1956. 69 Bank. The Mid-Hudson Savings Bank expanded very rapidly and within a few years has established branch banking offices or buildings in Carmel, N.Y., Cold Spring, N.Y. and Hopewell Junction, N.Y., with Mr. Robert N. Chambers as President. Mr. Robert Montross, a native of the Village, joined the Bank as a teller in 1952. On the merging of the two Banks in 1973 Mr. Montross was named Assistant Treasurer and in 1974 was appointed Assistant Vice President. Mr. Montross was named, manager of the Hopewell Junction Office in 1975 and retired from office in 1979. THE NATIONAL BANK OF WAPPINGERS FALLS Prior to the early part of the 19th century, the Village did not have a commercial bank for the writing of checks and business loans. This business had to be transacted with the commercial banks in Poughkeepsie, which required a trip to the City. Several of the businessmen ofthe Village decided that a commercial bank was necessary in the Vil- lage. On January 25, 1909 a charter was granted to operate a bank to be known as the National Bank of Wappingers Falls. The first bank office was located in the left store of the two in the Sweet-Orr & Co. building on Mill Street. The first President was Mr. John C. DuBois, who operated a large general sup- ply and grocery store and lived on the northeast corner of East Main and North Remsen Avenue. Mr. William Tanner was the Treasurer and his son, Mr. Harold Tanner, was the bookkeeper. . The Wappinger Savings Bank Mill Street, con- structed in 1956. The bank soon outgrew the original headquar- ters and in 1915 purchased and remodeled the old Manning building across the street where the present bank now stands. This two-story brick building was one of the oldest in the Village, dating back to the 1860's. The second floor was occupied by the Fourth Ward Social Club and the first floor by a newspaper and tobacco shop on the east end and the H.C. Sterling EngineeringCo., who had charge ofthe new sewer and water installation throughout the Vil- lage, had their office on the west end of the building. Mr. Henry Baum operated a tavern in the west end basement. The bank took over the entire first flqor and remodeled it for their headquarters. The west end basement was later occupied by several milk dispensing companies, the first of which was the Crowleys, followed in a few years by the Farmers Co- Operative Milk Co. and last by Berry & Fries Milk Co. In 1928 the entire outside of the building was renovated with the exception of the north side. The old original brick building was covered on the three outside walls with perma-stone masonry blocks, and new two-story windows were installed as we see the building today. The old slanted peaked roof was replaced by an unseen flat roof. An ornamental two- door main entrance was located on the front south- east corner. The entire second floor was made into four office rooms which were rented to other tenants. The interior of the Bank was remodeled through- out with grey marble trim around the interior out- side wans and entrance. The grey marble was used for the construction of the tellers openings and partition and also the three depositors desks. A new fireproof vault was installed in the tellers'location. ~ i :.. 70 This is the old Manning building on the corner of East Main and Mill Streets as it looked in 1915 when it was purchased and remodeled by the National Bank ofWappingers Falls for their new banking headquarters. In 1928 the Bank completely remodeled the inside and exterior walls of the building as is seen today in 1977. On the right rear is the three-story brick building owned by the Garner Print Works and occupied on the first floor by the Wappinger Savings Bank. The building is now owned and occupied by the Town of Wappinger for their offices. To the left is Gardiners Diner and the stone bridge garage which was partially removed for the erection of the Central Hudson Gas & Electric Co. building and now owned and occupied by the Knights of Columbus Lodge. This new design of the bank building made an outstanding improvement to the center of the Vil- lage. In 1953 the Bank purchased the plot ofIand with the original historical house to the northofthe bank. The old house was demolished and an addition was erected on the bank. The remaining land was used for parking space and for the new drive-in window entrance. The basements were remodeled for direc- tors' meeting room, storage space and for the new drive-in window on the west end. On June 6, 1958 the First National Bank of Wappingers Falls merged with the First National Bank of Poughkeepsie. Two years later the interior of the Bank was again remodeled with the cashier and business offices located in the new addition. The tellers' windows and marble partition were moved across the west end of the bank. A new glass partition was installed in front of the vault. Over the years of operation, the cashiers of the National Bank ofWappingers Falls have been Wil- - liam Tanner, Raymond DuBois, John Gilmore, James Mitchell and Thomas Taylor, Jr. Under the new bank name, the cashiers were Leonard Hall, Ed- ward Craft and Donald Buck. In 1961 the National Bank of Poughkeepsie with its branches, including the Wappingers Falls Bank, joined the Marine Midland Corporation of Buffalo, New York. The bank is now known as the Marine Midland Bank of Southeastern N ew York. On March 28, 1965 a branch office ofthe bank was opened in a new one-story brick masonry building located on New Hackensack Road in the Imperial Plaza. Two drive-in windows were installed on he 71 Marine Midland National Bank north end ofthe Bank and rooms in the south end of the building are rented to real estate and insurance offices. The Bank is equipped with a twenty-four hour Money-Matic outdoor office machine where business can be transacted when the Bank is closed, by depositors with the proper Master Charge Card. ZION EPISCOPAL CHURCH 'Ihe first church to be built in the Village of Wappingers Falls was the Zion Episcopal Church, which was started in 1834 and completed in 1836. It was built on land given for the church's erection by Joanna and Matthew Mesier just southwest of the Mesier Homestead and on the south side of the Old Albany Post Road and to the front of the original cemetery or burial grounds. This grave yard or burial ground had been given by Nicholas Brewer from the Brewers estate in 1747. It was part of the land of over 700 acres purchased from the William Skinner estate in 1746. Entrance to the burial ground was originally by a footpath from Market Street but after the building of the Zion Church, entry was from the church grounds. Further de- scription of this burial ground is related under the Mesier family chapter. Previous to this time, the nearest church to the Village was a Methodist Episcopal Church built in Middlebush, about 1 V2 miles from th e Village in the latter part ofthe 1700's. Also, the Reformed Church was built in New Hackensack about 1767. The erection of the Zion Episcopal Church was made possible by the work of Rev. George B. Andrews and the interest of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Clapp, who had settled in the Village a few years earlier. They visited many other out-of-town and Connecti- cut churches before the final plans were drawn and contracts were completed for its erection. Mr. Ben- jamin Clapp and his wife were one of the largest contributors to the building fund, and it was Mrs. Clapp who expressed the desire to name the new church Zion and all others agreed with her. How- ever, the largest contribution to the erection of this church came from the Church ofthe Holy Trinity of New York City. The original church of Gothic design was approxi- 72 mately 40 feet wide and 60 feet long, constructed of selected field stone masonry, with the main en- trance and steeple facing the then Albany Post Road and now East Main Street, at a cost of$3,810. The stone for the building was furnished by Mr. Clapp from his quarry near Fulton Street. Mr. Clapp furnished the cornerstone, which was laid on No- vember 1834. A finished basement under the church provided space for the Sunday school. The original windows of the church were of small plain squareglass. During the early 1900's some of the windows were replaced by beautiful cathedral leaded glass windows depicting Bible scenes, which were given in memory by church members for their de- parted loved ones. Most all of the original windows have been replaced by memorial windows. In the year 1881 a new one-story parish house building of frame construction was erected on e southwest rear corner ofthe church for recreational and social activities ofthe church and to contain the Sunday school growth. The cost of this new parish building was over $10,000, most of the money con- tributed by the workers of the Dutchess and Franklindale Works. In the early 1900's it was used by several church organizations, on of which was a young men's group named the Knights of Temper- ance, who practiced drilling and athletic work in the parish house under the direction of Captain William Knichel and Robert Mitchell. Each member was dressed in a dark blue military uniform and carried a parade rifle when drilling and are shown in the photograph on the following page. Back Row from left are: William Kinescal, Captain; James Knight; _;Miller Clearwater; Jack Henderson; Frank Goring; Marlor Bacon; Robert Mitchell, As- sistant. Second Row from left: Louis Fox; Walter Herring; Peter Anthony; William Clearwater; ; Carlos Catizora. Front Row from left: Robert Weisner; ; Frank Cuneo, and Jack Suydam. They participated in several of the Memo- rial Day parades in the Village. A church basketball team was organized under the name of the Zion Co., who played basketball with out-of-town teams each week at night before large crowds in the parish ~. I 73 house, and who were considered champions at the time. The first Boy Scout Troop in the Village was organized in the parish building in 1910 under the leadership of Mr. Herbert Linge and Captain Wil- liam Knichel as scout masters. The compiler of this history was one of the first members. Several women's societies and the church choirs also used the parish house. A large addition built on the west end in the early 1900' s was used for a stage with scenery for the production of theatrical plays. One of the many activities that was remembered by the Sunday school pupils in the early 1900's was at Christmas time. A few weeks before Christmas the pupils would practice singing Christmas carols which would be sung at the lighting of the Christmas tree on stage in the parish house on Christmas Eve. At that time, each Sunday school student was pre- sented with a Christmas gift which he or she se- lected from a list a few weeks earlier. The tree was about 25 feet tall. As it was impos- sible to transport and erect a tree of this size in a building, a tree was made up by inserting live ever- green branches into holes bored into a wooden pole which was erected into a base with a mechanism that was operated by hand so that the tree was rotated for effects with the garlands of tinsel and other tree decorations. It was an occasion to be looked forward to by both old and young people of the congregation. , During the early years, the church was heated by large mott stoves and lighted by Bacon whale oil lamps. These were replaced later by coal fired hot air furnaces and lighted by hand by illuminating coal gas from the gas mains of the old Dutchess Bleachery gas plant. During the 1890's, the hot air Zion Episcopal Church furnaces were replaced by a steam boiler for circu- lating steam through steel pipes along both sides of the church and basement rooms. Again in the 1920's steam radiators replaced the steel pipe system from a new boiler using coal, which was automatically fired and has since been replaced by fuel oil, which is the present fuel. In 1910 the church buildings were wired for electric service. The three-light brass gas jet fixtures along each side of the church were replaced by new pendant-type bronze electric fixtures suspended on chains from the orna- mental roof timbers and are still in use in the 1970's. During the 1960's these fixtures were augmented by a new system offlood lighting throughout the church and especially around the altar arches and choir sections. The beautiful stone masonry steeple facing the streets contains the main front entrance to the church, accessible by a wide set of masonry 'steps. Several feet above the entrance is a large open face clock about five feet in diameter which was installed in the early 1900's during the rectorship of Rev. Prescot Evarts and has been seen and admired each day by the hundreds of people traveling through the Village. It was given in memory of Mrs. Fannie Bowdoin and Mrs. Fanny Kingsford. Just above the clock are louvered open windows on each ofthe four sides of the steeple where the chimes and church bells are located. The first church bell to be installed in the belfry was given by Mr. Reese of Philadelphia, father of Mr. W.H. Reese and a son-in-law of Matthew Mesier, in 1838. It weighed 350 lbs. and was brought from Spain. This bell was replaced in 1869 by a much larger bell weighing 1,029Ibs., which was cast in the Meneely foundry at Troy, New York and given by Meredith Howland. In 1910 the church received a memorial gift from the George Bowdoin family of a new carillon of English bells and a new large church bell, which were installed in the belfry of the steeple. There are 14 bells in this carillon which are used as the church chimes and are played at church services and can be heard throughout the Village. The bell clappers are activated by hand operation through levers from below the belfry. These bells are also connected and activated by the large outdoor steeple clock mecha- nism to play the Westminster chimes every quarter hour and the toll of the large bell each hour during the day. These chime bells and clock have been giving continuous service to the Village people for the past 65 years and have been a great asset to them as the bells or chimes can be heard at least a mile around. The clock and chime bells are activated by a weigh t driven mechanism also located in the tower. The chimes that are heard each quarter hour are the 74 .-: same as those heard at the Westminster chimes in Westminster Abbey in London, England, for several hundred years and when originally installed in 1910 were the only chimes of its kind between New York and Albany. A few people, when hearing the chimes each hour, realized that the chimes send out a little prayer, the wording of which follows: Oh, Lord my God, Be thou my Guide, That by Thy aid, No foot may slide. A large and beautiful rectory was constructed on the church grounds just to the south ofthe church in 1886 at a costof$13,000, which was very convenient for the Rectors of the Church. It is a Victorian structure with 18 rooms, four chimneys and eight fireplaces. Over the years since its construction, many other structural changes have taken place to improve the interior of the Church. When the church was first erected, there was no organ for music and choir accompaniment. The music was furnished by an orchestra consisting of violin cellos, violins, flutes and clarinets played by male church members lo- cated in the choir 10ft or gallery at the front end of the church. The first organ, which replaced the orchestra, was located in the gallery. It was a Jardine organ made in New York City. It had six stops which operated on four ranks of pipes enclosed in a ma- hogany case. When this gallery was removed, it was located on the first floor where it served the choir unti11857 when it was replaced by a larger organ. A wine glass pulpit, reached by a winding staircase, was set against the reredos and towered above the Holy Table. This remained until 1854, when an Apsidal Chancel was provided. A major architectural internal change took place in 1869 with the building of a new choir chancel complete with the high stone arches which produced an interior cruciform effect. The choir, organ pipes and organ were located within this new section. . In 1909 a beautiful black walnut Rectors's stall with appropriate inscriptions thereon was dedicated to the memory of the late Rev. Henry Yates Satterlee, a former rector of theChurch. The choir stalls and organ facing were finished in black walnut to harmo- nize with the new memorial. In 1910the old organ, which was pumped by hand operation, was replaced by a new electric-operated organ which was considered to be the largest instru- ment between New York and Albany. It has 1,885 pipes and is divided into the great organ with 19 registers; the sweet organ with 19 more; the choir organ with 18 additional; the gallery organ with 15 more and the pedal organ with 16 more, making altogether with the accessory registers, 96. The organist, Henry E. Duncan, had the specifications drawn up by the Austin Organ Co. of Hartford, CT. The organ pipes are located on both sides ofthe choir location and also in the gallery and are electrically operated as well as the organ blower. Over the years from its inception to the present time, many im- provements and memorials, including the above, have been made to the church which makes it one of the outstanding buildings in the Village. When the Mesier family gave the land for the construction of the Zion Episcopal Church, it also included a large tract ofland to the east ofthe church which bordered the then Albany Post Road. This land laid dormant for many years until a new street was laid out from the front entrance of the church, cutting through the tract ofland and bordering the land on the south and was named Andrews Square; no doubt in memory of Rev. George B. Andrews, the first pastor of the new Zion Church. In the latter part of the 19th century, a steel pipe fence with wooden posts enclosed the church and rectory prop- erty on the west side of Andrews Square terminating at the gate entrance to the church. This gate was originally made for the entrance to the Benjamin , Clapp estate, now known as South Avenue and West Academy Street. A large ornamental wooden gate was mounted on two granite pillars about two feet square, each surmounted by a round granite ball. These two granite posts still remain as the entrance to the church grounds. On the east Main Street side, the church property was enclosed with an ornamen- tal iron picket fence mounted on a stone wall sup- port. In the early 1900's the church societies con- structed several tennis courts on the southwest comer ofthe vacant land which became very popular with the younger groups. In 1910, under the super- vision of Dr. William Pott, the church decided to improve this vacant land and make it into a part to be known as Zion Park. A small piece of fenced-in land along South Avenue and Andrews Place was acquired from the Harcourt family and added to the Park. Several trees were planted and the land was landscaped with new shrubbery and grass, making the new park a very attractive addition to the Vil- lage. The tennis courts remained active until the 1950's when they were discontinued, and a parking lot for church business and attendance was estab- lished in their place. In the early 1910' s the members ofthe tennis club erected a one-story frame building on Andrews Place and adjoining the tennis courts as a recreation building and club house. After several years of 75 'II! I I j operation, the wooden building was removed due to deterioration. When some of the streets in the Village were renamed in the 1930's, the streetalongthe west side of Zion Park known as Andrews Square was re- named Satterlee Place, in memory ofthe Rev. Henry Yates Satterlee, one of the first ministers of the church. The street along the south side ofthe Park was renamed Andrews Place, in memory ofthe Rev.' George Andrews, one of the organizers and the first minister of Zion Episcopal Church. At the rear north side of the church was con- structed a large wooden shed, called a horse shed. In the early days, many of the parishioners drove to church services in the horse-drawn carriages or sleighs and drove their horses under the shed for protection from rain and winter weather during the church activities. This was a common practice of most all of the early churches. Between the church and the horse shed, the first water reservoir was constructed in the Village for fire protection. Water was pumped from the lower Creek by a large steam pump furnished and oper- ated by the Garner Print Works. This reservoir was constructed of stone masonry above and below ground and covered with a pitched circular wooden roof. It supplied water mainly for fire protection and street sprinkling through the main and business section of the Village. The most prominent members ofthe early church were the Matthew Mesierfamily. Mr. Henry Mesier was the first superintendent and taught a Bible class as also did his brother Abram and his wife. His sisters were constant and faithful workers in the Sunday school. Mrs. Abram Mesier was connected with the choir and was at one time the principal singer. Mr. Irving Grinnell, organizer of the Grinnell Library, who lived on his estate north of New Ham- burg, was also a very active member of the church. In 1874 he built the gallery at the rear ofthe church. He served in the vestry since 1875. Mr. Grinnell served for years as superintendent of the Sunday school, as head of the supplementary choir and lay reader of the church. He greatly beautified the edifice by having erected the stone arches in the choir and chancel and inlaying the apse with mosaic. He was never absent from a church service with the exception ofa few times when he was snowbound on his estate. He continued in the church work in all its activities until he was 80 years old, when he con- tracted a leg infection and passed away two years later at age 82. Mter the death of Mr. Grinnell's wife several years before, he decided to pay a tribute to her memory by the gift in the form of a set of beautiful chimes placed in the belfry, which ring throughout the Village each quarter hour. William H. Reese served as Warden for 34 years and was instrumental in building the Zion Memorial Chapel at New Hamburg, where he served as lay reader in charge of services for 16 years. The chapel was builtin 1902 although a Sunday school had been meeting in the hamlet since 1876. Six years after building the Chapel, the property was conveyed to the Rector, Wardens and Vestrymen of Zion Episco- pal Church in Wappingers Falls. The church had its growth in the last quarter of the 19th century when, large estates were estab- lished around Hughsonville and New Hamburg. Most of all, the owners and their families attended Zion Church and could be seen each Sunday in their carriages, with coachmen, driving to the church services and taking their places in the family-owned pews. This ear had changed since the breaking up of the large estates. Since the construction of new housing developments and individual homes, many of the owners attend this church where all the pews are now free. Dr. Satterlee was succeeded by Dr. J. Nevett Steele under whose direction the Rectory was built in 1886. There followed in order the Rev. Prescott Evarts, Dr. William H. Pott, Rev. Gerald Cunningham and Rev. Maxwell W. Rice who served for 27 years until 1945. Three post war Rectors came in rapid succes- sion, the Rev. Oliver Carberry, the Rev. Richard L. Harbour, and Rev. Jack Sharkey, who came to the Zion Church in 1950. Other rectors that followed over a shorter num- ber of years were Rev. Alfred W. Whistler, Jr., Rev. Philip M. Styles, Rev. Robert McGill, Rev. Alexander Choates, Rev. Richard Donnelly and Rev. Michael Weber. The Church is one of the beauty spots in the Hudson Valley, set as it is on a hill above the Village across from Mesier Park, with the Homestead and Grinnell Library on the Old Albany Post Road, now East Main Street. THE FRANKLINDALE BAPTIST CHURCH cr:ne first meeting house for the Baptist Religion was built in Fishkill Plains in 1824 and from this congregation emerged the first members to estab- lish a Baptist Church in the Village. When Mr. Benjamin Clapp moved his family to the Village from New York City in 1828, he formed a Union Sunday school which metin a partofa factory 76 i f I I building he had completed. Mrs. Clapp established a prayer meeting and in the year 1829, transferred her membership from New York City to Poughkeepsie. At this time, the Preacher Aaron Perkins visited the Clapp family and would stay overnight to preach in the schoolhouse. In 1830 Elder Archibald Maclay visited the Vil- lage and preached in the schoolhouse. He was so pleased with the Village that he encouraged the local Baptists to apply to the Home Mission Society to sustain Baptist Service. An application was made to the society and John Dowling was sent and reported he had found several Baptist who, in turn, promised to support a preacher if the Baptist mem- bers would build a meeting house. In 1832 fire destroyed the Clapp factory leaving this Sunday school without a meeting place. Mrs. Clapp still had a great desire to have a Baptist church in the Village. In June 1838 the small congregation, several of whom were from the Fishkill Plains Church, met for the election of offic- ers and the erection ofa building for a small church. Mr. Clapp was elected as Clerk and in September of that year he erected a small building for a church which he gave to the congregation furnished, warmed and lighted, at his expense. This building was first used on November 13, 1838 and was used for nine years. In October 1843 Benjamin Clapp offered the congregation a building lot and $1,000 to help in the erection of a new meeting house to be known as the Franklindale Baptist Church. This church of brick masonry construction on a field stone masonry foun- Baptist Church dation is located on what is now known as the northwest corner of Prospect Street and South Av- enue with the main entrance on South Avenue. The Church of Colonial design has a very high interior ceiling with a gallery in the rear and is surrounded on both sides with high cathedral glass windows. The front entrance is surmounted by a wooden steeple where a large church bell is located. Like all churches in the early days, a long horse shed was constructed on the north west corner ofthe ch urch on a large plot of ground on the north side ofthe church, under which the parishioners driving to church could blanket and rest their horses during the church services. Two large cisterns were located under- ground on this lot to catch the rain water for fire protection in that part of the Village. Mr. Benjamin Clapp also installed the organ at his expense in the Church. The Church closed in'the late 1800's but was later reopened and again closed in the 1920's due to lack of a congregation. In 1940 the Rev. Jamieson, a black preacher, came to the Church with his large family and kept it in operation until his death in 1952. The Bethel Baptist Church took over operations ofthe Church in January 7, 1967. Afterhavingmade many repairs and alterations to me building, the Church was dedicated in October 1967. The congre- gation of black people, mostly living in Beacon, New York, have taken a great interest in activities and services of the Church. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH In the year 1840 a survey was made at the request of Mrs. J. Fisher Sheafe by the Rev. John D. .Wells as to whether there were enough Presbyte- rian parishioners in the vicinity for the establish- ment of a Presbyterian Church. This survey re- sulted in the forming of a congregation which held its first services in a hall at the corner of Mill and East Main Street. Eight years later or in 1848, under the direction of the North River Presbytery, a Church was orga- nized as the First Presbyterian Church ofWappingers Falls. In June ofthe same year, Mrs. Sheafe planned the building ofa church of wood construction for the congregation on Fulton Street at the foot of Prospect Street, which they occupied for about 25 years. This building,although remodeled several times by new owners over the years, still remains and is occupied by several apartments and families. After a quarter of a century in this location, the 77 " 1 congregation felt that they should have a new church located on the Avenue in the upper section of the Village, then known as Broadway and now South Avenue. Land was purchased on the east side of South A ven ue between East Prospect and EastAcad- emy Street on which a new church and parsonage were to be erected. Mrs. Sheafe contributed much toward the construction of the new parsonage for the minister which was completed in 1853. The congre- gation had originally intended to build the new church on the remaining land, but, finding it too small, decided to purchase another lot a few blocks further south on the corner of South Avenue and Maple Street. This new parsonage, now known as the Manse, is of two-story, wooden frame construction of Colonial design and still remains a Village landmark after its 124 years of service. During these years, modern heating, new bathrooms with sanitary plumbing and hot and cold running water have been installed. In 1914 the parsonage was completely wired for electric lighting and services. The Rev. Reuben Frame was the first pastor to occupy the new parson- age. In 1872 the present church was built and dedi- cated on July 25, 1872 with the Rev. Oliver A Kinsbury as pastor. It is a very attractive church of Gothic brick masonry construction with a high- pitched slate roof and a front entrance on each side. Over the right front entrance is a very tall slate covered pointed steeple which adds much to the attractiveness ofthe church. On the rear, adjcining the Church, is the lecture room building for the 6;:;: .~. j'~~/ Presbyterian Church --. .._-"_.,..._.__."._"._--~---~..._,~.._._.. Sunday School classes and meeting rooms. Mrs. Sheafe contributed generously to the erection of this new church building. To the rear or east of the Church was constructed the customary long, horse shed for the protection of the horses and carriages of the out-of-town parishioners during the church ser- vices. With the popularity of the automobile, the horse shed was removed in the 1920's. From 1848, when the church was first organized, until 1900, there were 15 pastors who had served the church at an average time of 3 1/2 years each. The pastors who have served the church since 1900 are as follows: Rev. George H. Wallace William Parker Edward W. Bate Irving D. Wildey Ascot H.L. Mason, D.D. E. Lansing Bennett Irving M. Haynes E. Bancroft Ackley H. Howard Black William E. Edwards W. Harold Hunter Robert E. Stover 1900 - 1906 1907 - 1914 1914 - 1919 1920 - 1920 1921 - 1924 1925 - 1926 1927 - 1937 1938 - 1942 1943 - 1961 1962 - 1968 1969 - 1974 1974 - Many structural changes were made to the church during the first half of the the 20th century. In 1911 the first electric lighting system was in- stalled, replacing the illuminating gas service that had served for many years. Due to the growth of the church and Sunday school during Rev. Irving M. Haynes' pastorate, it became apparent that more room was required for church activities. In May of 1928 a building commit- tee was appointed to plan and get information for the excavation, finishing and furnishing of basement rooms under the church for Sunday school rooms, a dining room, kitchen, bathrooms and a new heating system. Prior to this time, there was no excavated basement except for a small excavated space for the hot air furnaces and a coal bin. Thecompletion of this work practically doubled the space for the Sun- day school, church and social activities. A new steam heating system was installed at this time with a coal burning boiler, which was replaced in the 1930's with a new automatic oil burning boiler. A few years later, the old hand-operated organ bellows were replaced by an electric blower. During Rev. H. Howard Black's pastorate, from 1943 to 1961, several major structural changes were made to the church. In 1947 plans were made for removing the flat drop ceiling in the church and exposing the original beamed ceiling. The dropped ceiling had been in- 78 stalled in the 1920's to conserve heat to better heat the church in the winter. Anew lighting system with ornamental iron lantern-type fixtures, given by sev- eral families as memorials, was installed in the church. The church was completely redecorated throughout and carpet was installed on the aisles. All the stained glass windows were reconstructed and releaded for better weather protection. In 1952 the high-tapered church spire was com- pletely rebuilt with a new slate roof, due to deterio- ration over the years. In 1956, due to further church and Sunday school growth, the congregation voted to build an addition on the east side or rear of the church. It was of brick masonry construction to correspond with the church and with an excavated finished basement for Sun- day school rooms. The first floor contained a new south side entrance, halls and stairway and an auditorium with a stage on the east end for the production of shows and entertainment. This new addition and auditorium was named the Wade Fel- lowship Memorial Hall in memory of Mr. Charles Wade, who was the superintendent of the Sunday schooJ classes for several years. This new addition provided much additional space for church activities and expansion. In 1959 a new and much larger church organ was installed replacing the old organ, which had served the church for over 87 years. This organ installation required the rebuilding of the pulpit and choir loca- tion as seen in the 1970's and has made a great improvement to the church interior. In March 1963 the parish purchased the house and lot at 40 South Avenue, about 200 feet north of the church, for further expansion. It is now used partially as a new manse for the pastor. The old or original manse built in 1853 was sold to a private family about 1972. In 1965 the church purchased a tract of un de vel- oped land on the Myers Corners Road for future church needs, but this has since been resold due to change in plans. In the late 1970's the church acquired the house and lot adjoining the north side of the church prop- erty for further expansion and land for additional car parking. During the early years of the present century the church congregation has grown and has been very active. The two largest societies in the early years were the Ladies Aid Society and the Kings Daugh- ters Society, both of which have contributed finan- cial and social help to the church. In the later years, the Ladies Aid Society ceased operation, but there are other adult groups now operating as the Women's Fellowship, the Men's Club and Couples Club and several junior organizations. The First Presbyterian Church, with its high, peaked slate roof, its high, tapered slate covered spire, the new Wade Fellowship Memorial Hall and nicely landscaped grounds, is a great asset to the beauty of South Avenue and the Village. FIRST METHODIST CHURCH ~e First Methodist Church to be built in the Village was on the west side of the Creek on a piece of land given by John Givens in the hamlet of Ednamville, to be named the Ednamville Methodist Episcopal Church. The Church was incorporated on November 18, 1845. Previous to this time, in 1829, a lot was purchased in Middlebush about a mile south of the Village by the parishioner,S for the erection of a small church named the First Methodist Church, which held services every two weeks under the preachers Marvin Richardson and Mathias Mallison. For seven years plans were under consideration for a merger of the Ednamville and the Middlebush Churches. In 1866 the Ednamville Church was sold. In 1868 lots were purchased from the executors of the Margaret Reese estate on the corner of Mesier Av.enue and East Main Street, and plans were made for the erection of a new church to be known as the First Methodist Church. This land was formerly part of the Mesier family acreage. The church, as seen today, is of brick masonry construction with a slate roof, wooden belfry and basement for the Sunday school and was erected in Methodist Church 79 i ;: ~. ii 1869. A parsonage of similar design and brick masonry construction was also erected the same year close to the rear of the church. The Minister at the time was Rev. Morehouse. The church was dedicated on January 12, 1870 by Bishop Matthew Simpson. As was the custom in the early years, the church constructed a long horse shed on a lot on the east side ofMesier Avenue where the out-of-Village parishio- ners could rest and blanket their horses from the weather, during their church attendance. The first church school was started in 1871 with 21 teachers and an average attendance of 117 pu- pils. In 1910 a new organ with an electric operated blower was installed and in 1912 a church bell was presented to the church and installed in the belfry. From 1948 to 1953 the church underwent a com- plete renovation program under the direction of Rev. Crabb. In 1955, due to the growth of the church and Sunday school, a program was started to raise $40,000 for the erection of an addition between the rear south end of the church and the rectory, with an entrance on the east side. Construction of brick masonry, similar to the church and rectory, for the new addition was started in April 1956 and com- pleted and consecrated on April 28, 1957. This new addition provided several new Sunday school rooms, a social hall, and the installation of a new kitchen in the church basement. Rev. Crabb was followed by Rev. Robert Meyer, who was followed by the present minister, the Revl William Waters. ST. MARY'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH 't. Mary's Roman Catholic Church was first est~ished in the Village on the west side of the creek, then known as Channingville, in the 1850's. The original church building was constructed on a large plot of ground with a cemetery in the rear on Clinton Street. The first pastor ofthe church was Father Brophy, who carne to the Village in 1850. He was succeeded in 1853 by the Rev. Dennis Sheehan, who was pastor until his death in 1875. Rev. Charles M. O'Keefe succeeded him and was pastor until 1885. He was responsible for the construction ofthe new St. Mary's Church as seen today. The cornerstone for the new church was laid September 27, 1877 by Cardinal McCloskey, who sprinkled the stone with holy water and, with a trowel, drew the sign ofthe cross three times on its surface. The cornerstone contains a lead box in St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church which newspapers of the day, assorted coins and church records were placed for future records. The new church is of English Gothic style, which pre- vailedduringthe later part of the 13th century. !tis a large church of brick masonry construction with finely worked blue stone trimming and has a very high and steep tapered slate roof. On the northeast corner was the brick masonry spire or steeple which was 145 feet high. In 1894, the spire was struck by lightning creating a fire and damage to the spire, which was later repaired and the top replaced by a crown. From the front end of the nave to the rear of the sanctuary, the church is 117 feet long with a clear width of 58 feet and has a seating capacity ofl,OOO people. The belfry occupies the upper story under the crown and is set offby four brace red windows with ornamental glass. The cost of building this new church was placed at $30,000, which could not be duplicated today. During this time, the different priests of the church occupied a brick masonry two-story resi- dence located directly to the rear ofthe church, and the convent was located in a frame dwelling located to the west, near Nelson Avenue. Sunday, November 30, 1879 was a big day for the church, the occasion being the blessing of the church bell by Vicar General Quinn. The Rev. Charles M. O'Keefe w"as succeeded by the Rev. Cornelius V. Mahony, D.D., who carne to the church in January 1885. During his pastorate, the parochial school and auditorium was built just east of the church. The Rev. Charles F. Reid followed Dr. Mahony as pastor, coming January 30, 1903, and was pastor 80 un til August 1915. During his pastorate a new two- story brick masonry convent was constructed on the south side of Convent Avenue, replacing the frame structure on Nelson Avenue. Rev. Reid was followed by Rev. James A Corridan in August, 1915. He had the interior of the church redecorated and the grounds beautified. He organized the Blue Cross Society in the church during the First World War to aid the soldiers. During his term as pastor, the beautiful stone grotto was constructed between the church and the school building. Father Corridan left the church for a New York City pastorate in June 1921 and was replaced by the Rev. John P. Hines. During Rev. Hines pastorate, an addition was made to the west end of the school and auditorium building for additional school rooms. He also had the entire basement of this building excavated for the con- struction of a new kitchen and large dining room to accommodate church suppers and activities. New lavatory and toilet facilities with modern plumbing were also installed throughout the building. The Rev. Father Hines passed away in 1925 and was succeeded by the Rev. John J. Loughlin, who carried out many improvements to the church prop- erty. In the 1950's he conducted a million dollar parish improvement and construction program to the church property. A new altar was constructed and a complete new electric wiring system with pendant wrought iron lantern lightingfixtures were installed. The interior ofthe church was completely redecorated. The exterior of the church was com- pletely sand blasted and repainted. An automatic electric timing device was installed in the pastors' room at the rear of the altar which would toll the church bell in the belfry each morning, noon and night. This would relieve the church janitor ofthe job each day oftoIling the bell by hand at the certain hour and for other church services. One of Fr. Loughlin's outstanding improvements was the building of a new one-story 17 room brick masonry school building to replace the old two-story school but retaining the auditorium and dining room. The new school building was dedicated Sep- tember 23, 1956 by Francis Cardinal Spellman, who at that time announced the elevation of Father Loughlin to a Monsignor. At this time a complete modernization of the convent was also made. On May 12, 1960 Monsignor Loughlin celebrated his Golden Jubilee in the Holy Priesthood and was further honored at that time by being elevated to Prothonotary Apostolic which permitted him to per- form the duties of a Bishop at least four times a year. Ofhis 54 years in the priesthood, Monsignor Loughlin spent 36 ofthem at St. Mary's. Monsignor Loughlin died at the age of90 on November 17, 1964. The local Knights of Columbus Lodge has named their lodge room the "Monsignor Loughlin Memorial Hall" in his memory. The Rev. Robert Rappleyea was ap- pointed as administrator of St. Mary's as he had served for several years under Monsignor Loughlin as Assistant and Pastor. In March 1965 the Right Rev. CharlesB. Brennan was appointed as pastor of the church. During his pastorate Monsignor Brennan completed the build- ing of a new modem rectory to replace the old rectory, which was built in the late 19th century. A large area at the rear of the school was paved as a parking lot for the parishioners. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church is the largest and only church in the Village located on the west side ofthe creek, which was formerly the Village of Channingville. The church property embraces sev- eral acres of land which includes a large modern cemetery and parking lots and is bounded by Pell Street on the east, Clinton Street on the north, Nelson Avenue on the west and an undeveloped street known as Boundary Street on the south. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church and its affili- ated buildings and grounds are an outstanding asset to the structural and religious life ofthe Village. TRANSPORTATION In the early and pioneering days, small hamlets were established where water power was available to operate saw and grist mills and later factories to manufacture woolen and cotton goods. They were also located on the navigable waterways, as a means of transporting theirraw and manufactured materi- als. Such was the case of the Village ofWappingers Falls, in Dutchess County, New York, at the begin- ning of the 19th century, in locating on the Wappingers Creek at the Falls for the power and the lower Creek below the Falls, which was navigable for two miles to the Hudson River and the N ew York City and Albany markets. The original Dutchess Print Works established in 1832 and the main con- tributing factor of growth for the new Village was an example ofthis location. As the Village ofWappingers Falls was located on the gorge and Falls ofWappingers Creek, in order to take advantage of its water power, it was also at a disadvantage when railroads were being constructed throughout the country to improve the transporta- tion of passengers and freight service to the other small towns and hamlets. The Village ofWappingers Falls was the only town in Dutchess County without railroad tracks and railroad service, due perhaps to its topographical location and, no doubt, would have 81 ~ become a large Village much faster had railroads been built. Over the years, plans were proposed by the N ew York Cen tral Railroad and Village officials for the construction of a spur track along the Wappingers Creek to the Dutchess Print Works, but due to construction difficulties and expense involved, construction was never undertaken. For years this fast growing company used the lower Wappingers Creek to transport the raw mate- rials and the manufactured products by flat bottom scows or boats, towed by a small tug boat to and from New Hamburg on the Hudson River. There the goods would be transferred to larger boats and, in later years, to the Hudson River Railroad, which was built in the 1840's. In the winter when the Creek was frozen over, all these materials had to be transported to and from New Hamburg by horse- drawn sleighs over a road on the west side of the Creek. A more direct road to New Hamburg along the east shore of the Creek was not constructed until the 1880's and was known as the New Hamburg Road. During the last half of the 19th century, most of the wholesale and retail food companies were lo- cated in Poughkeepsie, Newburgh and New York City. Therefore, some means of transportation had to be made to get the products to the Village. From New York City, most merchandise was shipped to New Hamburg by boat or railroad and had to be transported by horse-drawn wagons or sleighs from that point to the Village. All the United States mail had to be transported to and from the Village to New Hamburg via horse-drawn stages or sleighs, which also conveyed passengers to and from the Hudson River Railroad and boat landings at New Hamburg. These horse-drawn wagons, called stages, were about 15 feet long with seating arrangements for about 10 passengers along each side of the stage, which was entered by steps from the rear. The stage was completely covered by a roof and surrounded by side curtains for protection of passengers against the cold and storms. For many years, near the turn into the 20th century, these stages made several trips each day through all kinds of weather. One of the most prominent men who operated this service was Mr. Frank Doxey, who maintained a large stable and barns for the horses and stages in the alley off South Avenue directly across from the Presbyterian Church. Two other men who also operated this service were Mr. Richard Clemens and Mr. Frank Jazinsky. Mr. Doxey replaced the horse-drawn stages about 1916 with a large motor stage with cross seats. This was laterreplaced by regular motor cars. The fare was twenty-five cents per passenger. For many years a livery stable for the rental of horses and carriages was established at the rear of . - . ---- .---....-----.-,,--- the Sweet Orr Factory accessible by an alley from the north side of East Main Street. This livery also maintained the horse-drawn hearse and carriages used by the two funeral directors or undertakers in the Village during the late 19th and early 20th century. Horses and carriages with a driver were also available for passengers meeting trains and boats at New Hamburg. This livery stable was owned and operated for many years by Mr. Willis Van Voorhis and later by Mr. George Mabie. It was partially destroyed by fire in 1927 and was discontinued. For several years, near the turn of the 19th century, the American Express Co. who was operat- ing express train service for merchandise through- out the country, maintained an express office in New Hamburg. Daily from this office express merchan- dise was delivered by a horse-drawn vehicle to stores and homes in the Village. This horse-drawn vehicle was replaced later by an auto truck and eventually discontinued around the 1930's. For many years, this office and delivery service was run by Mr. A Edgar of New Hamburg. Another means of transportation for passengers and freight between the Village and Newburgh was by steamboat, which docked at lower Market Street on the lower Wappingers Creek. One of the first boats to give this service was named the L.D. Black in 1875. It was eventually replaced by a small steamboat named the Messinger owned and oper- ated by Mr. Frank Drake of New Hamburg. About 1907 this boat was replaced by a larger steamboat named the Petrel, which was own~d and .operated by Mr. Arthur Connelly, who lived with his family in the Village. The boats made two trips daily, except Sunday, to Newburgh, stoppingenroute to the small hamlets along the way to pick up or discharge passengers or freight. This boat was also used for recreation by the younger people of the Village for moonlight sails on the Hudson River to Kingston Point and for the transportation on Sun- days for local baseball teams and their fans to local towns and cities along the River for ball games. The Petrel discontinued its service about 1925. In the winter when the creek or river were frozen, Mr. Connelly operated a horse-drawn wagon or sleigh to and from Newburgh daily, except Sunday, to trans- port merchandise only. This wagon was later re- placed by a motor truck. Previous to the 1800's the hamlet of New Ham- burg was known as Wappingers Point, for the land- ing of river boats. The railroad, known as the Hudson River Railroad, was built in 1847 along the east shore of the Hudson River between New York City and Albany. It brought much business activity to the small hamlet and created a rail depot for 82 passengers and freight service for the Village of Wappingers Falls, which was located two miles to the north on the Wappingers Creek. During this same period, two horse-drawn stages and express wagons were operating each work day between the Village and the City of Poughkeepsie for the transporting of passengers and merchandise. They were enclosed with a roof and side curtain to meet weather conditions, and each was owned and operated by Mr. John J. Riley of the Village and Mr. Gorman, who resided in Hughsonville. The City of Poughkeepsie, which is eight miles north of the village, is the county seat for Dutchess County, where all the legal and land transactions are recorded. It was also rapidly growing as a business and professional center, which was attract- ing the Village people eventually to its facilities, and the only means of transportation was by horse- drawn vehicles. In the 1890's the electric trolley car system with steel rails was being used in all of the cities for the mass transportation of passengers and had been installed on the main streets of Poughkeepsie by the Hinckley family. To afford better and faster transportation between the City of Poughkeepsie and the Village ofWappingers Falls, the trolley company decided to extend the system to the Village. The City of Poughkeepsie Trolley Sys- tem and the New Wappingers Falls Branch, owned and operated by the Hinckley family, who owned a beautiful home in Poughkeepsie, were operated under the name ofthe Poughkeepsie and Wappingers Falls Electric Railway Co. In 1894 the steel rails and necessary electric wires were extended south on Market Street and down the east side of Albany Post Road, or Route 9, to the junction of East and West Main Streets on the west side of the stone bridge. The tracks were laid in the center of West Main Street in the Village, terminating in front of the stores north of the East Main Street intersection. About 1908 the tracks were extended about 200 feet south on Givens Av- enue terminating close to the sidewalk on the south- east corner of the bridge adjacent to the Roy Drug Store building. This chang~ eliminated the former dangerous stop and muddy conditions of the road and danger caused by the increasing auto and horse and wagon traffic. The new trolley system afforded better mail service and deliveries for the newspa- pers to the Village. It also gave daily passenger service every 40 minutes between 6:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. throughout the year at a price offifteen cents each. The trolley cars used for the first years were small four wheeled cars and, during the late 1900's, were replaced with much longer and heavier cars mounted on two four-wheel trucks, which afforded a much faster and smoother ride. They were heated in winter with a coal-fired, forced hot air system. This new trolley system made it very convenient for the Village people to work or do business and seek pleasure in the City, but at the same time diverted retail business from the Village. The passenger terminal in Poughkeepsie was at the junction- of Market Street and Main Street in front of the Dutchess County Court House. This new trolley system also contributed a great accommodation to the large estates and small homes and farms along the Post Road, and also to the people wishing to visit both the Wappingers and Poughkeepsie rural cemeteries. Transfer tickets were issued by the conductor for passengers to transfer at no additional charge to the trolley system running throughout the City. Plans were proposed to extend the trolley system to New Hamburg and Fishkill Landing but, due to the terrain and cost involved, never materialized. ' About 1916 the State of New York planned to pave with concrete the original Albany Post Road through the Village, which was then a gravel road on West Main Street, and East Main Street to the Village line. The trolley company laid new wood ties and rails in the center of West Main Street before the new concrete pavement was laid. . In 1928 New York State was planning to widen and repave the Albany Post Road from Poughkeepsie to Fishkill and in order to do so required the reloca- tion of the trolley tracks. The automobile was beginning to replace the trolley car systems with the resulting loss of revenue. The trolley company decided to sell its interest and right-of-way alongthe Albany Post Road, known as Route 9, to Wappingers Falls, to the County and State interest. They replaced the trolley cars with large buses which terminated their run on the east side of the bridge at the corner of Market and Franklin Streets. The bus system continued service for several years and was discontinued in 1935. The trolley track steel rails which were built into the concrete pavement on West Main Street were later covered by the state with a macadam pavement for a smoother road. The first taxi cab to operate in the Village was about 1915 by two brothers, Frank and Harold Dusenberry, who lived with their parents on a farm outside the Village. It was a Franklin enclosed cab car with an air cooled engine, not requiring water as a coolant and was an attraction in the early days of the automobile. 83 , I i ',I ;IIi ~ I THE WAPPINGERS RURAL CEMETERY ~e first burial ground in the new hamlet of Wappingers Creek, now Wappingers Falls, was a flat piece of land located south and adjacent to the Albany Post Road. It is located directly in the rear ofthe Zion Episcopal Church, where many of the old- grave stones are still to be seen. The first white man to be buried here was Adolphus Brewer, who was killed by lightning in 1742 when the land was part of about 700 acres purchased from the William Skinner estate in 1746 by the two Brewer brothers. This large tract ofland was later purchased by Peter Mesier when he carne to the Hamlet from N ew York City in 1776 to escape the British force when they took over the City. The burial grounds and land for the building of Zion Episcopal Church was given to the Church in 1834 by Joanna and Matthew Mesier, heirs of Peter Mesier. The names of some ofthe early burials will be found under the Mesier family chapter. Mer the building of the Zion Episcopal Church, it became apparent that burial space in the old cemetery was rapidly being taken up and a new cemetery would have to be established. The citizens met at the Clinton Mill to find a suitable place for a new cemetery. Officers were elected with James Chase as President; Daniel Bloodgaval, Vice Presi-, dent; Peter McKelly, Treasurer; and William Chase, Secretary. On September 27, 1849 a large tract of land of several hundred acres was purchased for a new cemetery to be known as the Wappingers Rural Cemetery. It was located on the east side of the Albany Post Road adjacent to the present north Village line and extended eastward to the Wappingers Lake. When this cemetery was first organized, it was located north of and adjoining the hamlet of Channingville on the west side .of the Creek in the Town of Poughkeepsie, but now adjoins the Village line of Wappingers Falls. Gravel roads for carriages and gravel walks were later constructed throughout the cemetery for ac- cess to the burial plots. The main or carriage entrance gate to the cemetery was located midway along its length on the Post Road. It consisted of two stone masonry posts with double ornamental iron gates. In the early 1900's the Post Road side ofthe cemetery was outlined with a galvanized steel pipe fence mounted in locust wood posts. It was replaced in later years, after deterioration, by a hedge which has since been discontinued. There are several beautiful and expensive memo- rial gravestones erected throughout the cemetery. Several of the older plots ofprominent families were outlined with pipe borders mounted on marble or granite posts. During the years around 1900 a water system to supply water for the convenience of plot owners was installed under the ground surface and connected to several above ground spigots for use during the summer months. The water was obtained from an artesian well located near the tool house by a wind- mill-operated pump. This pump was later replaced by connections to the Village water supply system. In 1924, under the presidency of Mr. Lennox Banks, a small chapel of stone masonry construction was built just inside the main entrance to the cem- Wappingers Rural Cemetery Chapel 84 etery. Its purpose was to be used when the family of the deceased did not want the funeral service from the house or church or when coming from out-of- town locations. It is very attractive with its exterior stone construction and interior design. In 1961 all ofthe main roads in the cemetery were paved with macadam or black-top to better accom- modate the use of the automobile for funerals and visitors. . In April of 1971 the County of Dutchess pur- chased a 50 grave plot of ground for the burial of Veterans. An option was also taken on an additional 50 grave plot adjoining the original plot. This grave site is located on the southwest comer of the cem- etery adjacent to the Post Road, now known as Route 9D. Since its founding in 1849, a period of 1 V4 centuries, the cemetery has been administered by a very capable Board of Trustees and Superinten- dents who have constantly made improvements to the grounds by the planting of shrubs, flowers and trees and the building of the Chapel. Several hun- dred cars drive past the cemetery each day admiring the beautiful, landscaped lawns and tall trees, and it is considered one ofthe best kept cemeteries in the County. THE RESIDENTIAL AND BUSINESS GROWTH OF THE NEW VILLAGE men the Skinner family, the two Brewer brothers, the Mesier family and Benjamin Clapp family settled in the hamlet, which was then named Wappinger Creek, the only road or street was the Albany Post Road which passed through the hamlet and crossed the Wappinger Creek just above the falls on its way from N ew York City to Albany. A road known as the Stoney Kill Road branched off to the south in front of the Mesier Homestead and is now named South Avenue. These early settlers built a dirt road south from the wooden bridge on the west bank of the Creek, in which was located the first Dutchess Print Works, the Hyper Mill and the first overall factory and what is now named Givens Avenue. On the east end ofthe wooden bridge, turning south along the east bank of the falls and creek, a dirt road was constructed leading to the original Red Grist Mill and later the original Dutchess Print Works and the lower tide- water Wappinger Creek. Thi s road, just below what is now Fulton Street, was cut through a solid rock Building on Market Street originally constructed by the Franklindale Co. 85 " ;/ i i d II: r hill so that the north or right side of the road was separated and protected by a wooden picket fence by a drop of about 100 feet into the south bank of the lower creek gorge. This road was named Market Street, and it became the center of the original homes and businesses, several ofwhich still remain. In 1844, when Benjamin Clapp built the Franklindale Cotton Factory, Market Street was used as the main entrance road to same, opposite Fulton Street. Sev- eral houses and store$ were erected by the Franklindale Co. for homes and stores for their employees. During the 1850's the Franklindale Cotton Fac- tory Co. erected a long two-story frame building on the west side of Market Street opposite Franklin Street. Most of the first floor was occupied by the Da wson General Store, in which the first Wappinger Creek United States Post Office was located for several years. The north end of this building housed the Phillip Hoffman dry goods store, and the Boyle Bros. Shoe Manufacturing and Repair Shop. All the store windows were closed by wooden shutters dur- ing nights and Sundays, as was the custom in those days. The entire second floor contained apartments for the factory employees. On the east side of Market Street, the Dutchess Prin t Works constructed two four-family, frame con- struction houses for its employees. None of these buildings had running water or bathrooms and all water used had to be carried in pails from the public pumps on the street. All of the above buildings and several smaller ones were torn down and removed when the Garner Print Works and Bleachery ac- quired the property in 1908. A large brick two-story building was constructed by the Franklindale Co. along the rock cliffs on the east side of Market Street which contained the Harcourt General Store which sold groceries, kero- sene oil, hardware, tools, feed and garden and farm supplies and remained in business for many years, until the late 1910's. They employed several em- ployees and had a free delivery service to all their customers. The remaining ground floor contained three smaller stores and the Henry Clay Abel Gents furnishing store. The second floor had several apart- ments also for their employees. The entire second floor of this building was destroyed by fire in the 1950's. The second floor remains were removed and the first floor entirely roofed over. The building is now occupied by McGoo's Tavern. Nicholas and Adolphus Brewer constructed a two-story frame house at the junction of the Albany Post Road, now East Main Street, and Market Street in the 1730's. It was later acquired by Abraham Mesier and was occupied by several of the early settlers including the Thomas B. Goelet family and later the second floor was occupied by the original Grinnell Library. This building was destroyed by fire in 1892 and on its location was erected the Smith building containing a long row of stores .on the first floor and apartments on the second and third floors. This building was also gutted and destroyed by fire in 1959 and the remains demolishe'd and removed. As was customary at that time, all the buildings with store fronts on the east side of Market Street had a shed or wooden awning built over the side- walks as a protection against rain, snow storms and the sun. It was possible for pedestrians and shop- pers to walk from Franklin Street to East Main Street protected from the w~ather. Both the Dutchess Print Works and the Franklindale Manufacturing Company had acquired the habit of constructing their factory buildings along side of or adjoining the rock cliffs of the ste~p gorge of the creek to take advantage of the water power available to operate their machinery. This practice was also carried out in the location and construction of some of their employee homes which were constructed along the east side of Market Street and just below Fulton Street in the 1850's. Another example of this construction is the large home built within 100 feet of the deep gorge on the south side of Market Street just below Fulton Street by the Dutchess Print Works. This house is so located at the end of the deep gorge that it is the only home in the Village where you can get a clear view 'of the gorge, the Falls, and the stone bridge from any window on the north side of the home. This house was occupied by the family of John Popper for over 85 years and is over 125 years old as are the other _ houses in this locality. Also located adjacent and nearby to the Popper House is the Cummings home and yard where the old six-story fire alarm tower was located, the origi- nal Garner Engine Co. Fire House, and the old Dutchess Print Works office building now made into apartments. Another old and original street is Mill Street running north from the Albany Post Road, now East Main Street, towards Wappingers Lake. The Franklindale Manufacturing Co. erected several homes for their employees on both sides of the street which are over 125 years old. At the end of Mill Street, erected before 1867, was a small apartment complex named Brick Row. This consisted of the two-story brick buildings built parallel to each other about 50 feet apart. Each unit contained four apart- ments and was constructed by the old Clinton dale Manufacturing Co. but in later years has been owned and modernized by the families occupying them. Quite a lot of coverage has been given to this Market Street and Mill Street area because it was :, ,;, <i j ; if~ jl 86 the birth place and original part of the Village and, therefore, the most historical. Previous to 1867,. there were no stores or build- ings along the gorge north of the bridge on the Albany Post Road, now named West Main Street. A few decades later, several brick buildings were con- structed along this block with the rear of the build- ings extending down into the gorge to bedrock and the street side built up to one and two stories. These stores were very popular and busy in the 19th century. Previous to 1875 the section ofthe Village on the east bank of the Creek was in the Town of Fishkill and named Wappinger Creek and later Wappingers Falls. The section on the west bank was in the Town of Poughkeepsie and was first named Ednam and was later named Channingville. On May 20, 1875 land was taken from the Town ofFishkill to form the Town of Wappinger. The Town of Fish kill had been divided before when, in 1829, a piece of land was take to form a part of the Town of LaGrange. In 1849 it was divided again when the Town of East Fishkill was born. The first supervisor of the Town of W&ppinger was James A Seward, who served from 1875-1877. The Town of Wappinger is bounded on the north by the Town of LaGrange, east by Sprout Creek and west by the Hudson River and Wappingers Creek. The southern division follows the patent line of a Verplanck survey and borders its parent Town of Fishkill. When the Town of Wappinger was first formed the meetings and all tax records were kept in the homes of the Town Clerk and Tax Collector. In the early 1900's, a Town Clerk's Office was estab- lished on the second floor of the building in the corner of East Main Street and Reservoir Place and was later moved to a room on the second floor of the building now owned by the Marine Midland Bank on the corner of East Main Street and Mill Street. In 1956 t:he office was moved into the quarters vacated by the Wappinger Savings Bank which they had occupied since 1871 and were moving to their new bank buildingjust completed next door. Afew years later the Town of Wappinger purchased the three- story brick building from the Wappingers Lodge of Masons when they constructed their new lodge build- ing on the Myers Corner Road. The entire building is now occupied by the Town of Wappinger for offices and meeting room space. This Town of Wappinger building is also a Village landmark as it was con- structed in the 1860's by the Garner Print Works. They rented it out to several tenants over the years until it was purchased by the Wappinger Lodge of Masons about 1916, who remodeled the second and third floors for their lodge rooms. There are two other old landmarks in the center of this area. One is the two-story frame building located at the southeast corner of the stone bridge which was built for the office of the Franklindale Manufacturing Co. during the 1840's. After the destruction by fire of this company in 1885 the building was used as a rental office for its ~any tenement houses by the Garner Print Works until 1910, when it was used as a club meeting room by the offi~ials of the new Garner Print Works and Bleachery until about 1918. For several years it was used as the Village Police Station. It was later purchased by Nestor Kelly, son of Thomas Kelly, who moved their Kelly's Meat Market from its old and popular loca- tion on West Main Street to this location. Directly across the street near the northeast corner of the bridge was erected a two-story and basement brick building known as the Manning Building where several ofthe older businesses were located, during the 1850's. This building was pur- chased in 1915 by the new National Bank of Wappingers Falls who remodeled it for their new bank headquarters. In 1928 the building was re- modeled completely both on the interior and exte- rior. The exterior was completely changed by a new design of the three exterior walls by a veneer cover- ing of perm as tone masonry as it is seen today. This change has made an outstanding improvement to this part of the business section of the Village. Previous to 1867 there were no buildings on the south side of East Main Street east of Market Street. However, during the next decade several three-story brick buildings containing stores on the ground floor and apartments on the second and third floors were constructed as we see them today. In the 1860's there were no buildings on the north side of East Main Street except the Eagle Foundry, which was destroyed by fire in 1873 and never rebuilt. In its place were constructed the four three-story brick buildings occupied as new hotels of which the most noted one was the Rush Hotel, operated by Mr. George Rush and family. This hotel became very popular for the visiting salesmen known as "drum- mers" at the time who visited the Village to take purchase orders for their wares and supplies from the Village businessmen. This popular hotel closed after the death of Mr. Rush about 1925. A few years before its closing the hotel business was operated by a Mr. Henderson. The building was taken over a few years by a Board of Directors of the Garner Print Works and Bleachery's Co-operative Partnership Group for use as a club house and recreation center for their employees. The building was later pur- chased by the Shaker, Travis & Quinn plumbing firm in Poughkeepsie for their local headquarters in 1927. They continued their business in this location with several employees for 50 years when the local 87 .., I , pi H branch of the business was closed in 1977. Just east of these hotel buildings was a lane leading several hundred feet to a livery stable busi- ness operated over several decades by different owners until it was destroyed by fire in the late 1930's. Adjacent to the east of this lane was a two-story wooden frame building known as the Dr. Roe build- ing and occupied on the ground floor for years by the _ Edward Smith Plumbing and Heating and Stove Repair Store and the Harry Pettit Confectionery Store. The adjoining property was purchased in 1886 for the new site of the Grinnell Library building. A two-story brick building on the east side of Mill Street just north of Albany Post Road is an old landmark which was built in the 1850's. It was the first permanent home of the Sweet On Overall factory after it was first founded in the brick build- ing on the north west corner ofthe stone bridge a year earlier. They occupied the second floor of this build- ingfor several years when expansion ofthe business made it necessary for the company to erect a three- story brick building on the east side of the original building. Again in the 1890's this company con- stru.:ted a new three-story brick building on the northwest corner of their original building along Mill Street as we see it in 1977. Since the closing of the Sweet-On factory the above buildings have not been occupied and used for any permanent time. From the year 1836 to the year 1877 there were five beautiful church buildings constructed in the Village of different holy denominations which are covered in other chapters. On the west side of the creek there are several old landmark buildings, the mo...t outstanding of which is the wooden-frame building on the southwest cor- ner of the stone bridge known as the old Roy Drug Store. This building was constructed in 1824 by George W. Brower. In 1848 the Roy family owned the building and occupied the east half of the first floor with a drug store until the 1920's when it was sold to Joseph Appicella. It was continued as a drug store under several other owners until about 1977, when the Lamar Pharmacy moved to a new location on the east side of the bridge. The two-story brick building on the northwest corner of the bridge was constructed in the late View of East Main Street from Walker Hill showing building in 1913. At the left is the Garner Print Works brick building now owned by the Town of Wappinger. Adjacent is one of the original Colonial homes built by the Brewer Bros. Next is the original Manning building, now the Marine Midland Bank. Across East Main Street is the original Franklindale Cotton Factory offi~e and across the street to the rear is the Smith Building which was destroyed by fire in 1959. 88 ... 1860's. It was the first home of the Sweet-Orr Overall Factory which started in business on the second floor in 1871. For several decades lateritwas still occupied by two stove sales and repair stores, which also did plumbing and roof repair service, until 1948, when it was occupied by a restaurant. In 1952 the building was purchased by the Popper Electric Co., the owner of which is the compiler of this history of the Village. The building was com- pletely remodeled inside on all three floors, which included a modem store window front, new lighting and heating system and the entire outside of the building painted white, which made a decided im- provement to this part of the Village. The building was used as a sales floor for all General Electric home appliances and an electrical contracting busi- ness from 1952 until the retirement of the owner in March of 1973. This business, which was estab- lished in April 1926 in the Dr. Roe building on East Main Street for seven years, moved to me new Central Hudson Building in 1934, and then to the above renovated building in 1952. This company brought business, to the Village and employed sev- eralc:k~lL.-; P1 lployees for a total of 47 years. Directly a"..oss the street was located the three- story brick hotel building known as the Farmers and Mechanics Hotel, owned and operated by Mr. John Eagan in the 1860' s and in later years, known as the Ryan Hotel. The hotel was discontinued in the 1950's and is now used for apartments on the second and third floors and stores on the first floor. Adjacent to the south of this Hotel on Givens Avenue was erected the three-story brick building known as the Eagan building. The south end of the first floor was occupied for years by the M.J. Van Anden Flour, Feed and Hay Company who rendered free delivery service of its products throughout the Village. This operation was a branch of the main business, storehouse and office located on the rail- road siding in New Hamburg and operated by M.J. Van Anden who resided in that hamlet. The north- ern end contained a blacksmith and wagon repair shop. The second floor contained the Eagan Overall Factory, and on the thir~ floor was located the Wappingers Opera House where shows, plays, op- eras and dances were held, and was very popular for entertaining the people in the Village. In the later years of the 1950's the first floor was leased to the Popper Electric Co. as a warehouse for the storage of appliances and as a garage for their trucks. The second and third floors were occupied by the Dutchess Frocks Dress Co. for over thirty years. The propri~ etor of this dress company was Murray Bauman, who was also the owner of this building for many years until it was sold to a recreational group for offices, apartments and other recreational activities. Another old landmark was the North American Hotel located on the Albany Post Road at Clinton Street. This old hotel was built during the 1820's by Major Sargent and was the first and only hotel in the Village for many years. It was later operated by Joseph Blackburn who made several additions to it.. Later in the 1860's it was operated by Mr. Patrick Kennedy. It was later purchased and operated by the John J. O'Riley family at the turn ofthe century until about the 1930's, when the comer property was sold to an oil company for a service and gasoline station. The old hotel building, barns and horse shed were all removed from the property to accommodate the new operations which, over the years, have not been too successful because of the turnover of opera- tions, and leases by several oil company operations. Several smaller homes were built previous to 1867 in the several side streets branching off to the west of the then named Albany Post Road in the hamlet named at that time af Channingville. These side streets were named ChurCh Street, West Street, Boundary Street, Clinton Strel~, Center Street, North Street and Cross Road, now named DeLavergne Avenue. Boundary Street was never used as a street with homes and was later acquired by St. Mary's Church. School Street was the only street on the east side ofthe Albany Post Road. The people occupying these homes were mostly of Irish descent -- many ofthe men of whom were employed at the Dutchess Print Works and the Franklindale Cotton Mill. On the east bank of the creek, the hamlet was known as Wappingers Falls. According to a map of 1867 the Albany Post Road crossing the bridge to the east was named the Highland Turnpike and South Avenue was named Broadway. The only other streets in the Village were Market, Mill, High, Pros- pect, and part of Fulton Street. The Dutchess Print Works and the Franklindale Cotton Mill owned and controlled most of the homes and the few stores on the east side of Prospect Street and about ten homes built along the east side of Broadway, now South Avenue, were owned and occupied by the mercp,ants and other officials of the Village. There were no homes on streets now known as Academy, Franklindale Avenue, Remsen and Mesier Avenue, Park and Spring Streets. BRIEF ACTIVITIES OF THE INCORPORATED VILLAGE ~ to 1871 there were two separate Villages on each bank ofthe creek, each controlled by a different township. Wappingers Falls on the east bank was 89 -, J r controlled by the Town ofFishkill and Channingville, on the west bank, by the Town of Poughkeepsie. It was decided by the people of the two Villages that they should be united and incorporated under one village and named Wappingers Falls. On September 22, 1871 this was accomplished and the new Village was encompassed in a territory of about one mile square, with the creek the dividing line between the Town of Poughkeepsie and the Town of Fishkill. The ruling body of the newly incorporated Village was established with a presi- dent, three trustees, a secretary and treasurer. These new officers were to control the Village streets and the two fire departments, establish a police depart- ment and water system for fire protection and handle other matters relative to the Village. The first president and trustees of the new, incorporated Village were Matthew Cottam and trustees Samuel Brown, Joseph D. Harcourt and R.W. Nelson. J.W. Bartrum was Clerk of the Board. From 1873 until 1881 the following men served as president for one or two year terms: Hugh Whitesell, A.R. Armstrong, Elias Brown, Henry Hardgreaves, Edward Goring and Nickolas V. Disbrow. J.W. Bartrum, George Wood and B.J. Tinney each served as Clerk of the Board during the same period. Right after the incorporation of the Village in 1871 Mr. Benjamin Clapp sold his home on Henry Street and 30 acres of land to the Garner Print Works. This company cut up this land to create what is now known as Franklindale Avenue, Clapp Av- enue, West Academy Street, Fulton Street and West Henry Street on which they built new homes to house their employees. Approximately 30 two-fam- ily homes were constructed on Franklindale Avenue and 22 two-family houses on the other new streets. Also on Dutchess Avenue and Dutchess Terrace 10 two-family houses were constructed, all of which added to the development and increased the popula- tion ofthe Village. On the west end ofFranklindale Avenue, half ofthe houses were covered with corru- gated sheet iron siding and roofing, and this section was nicknamed "Iron Town". Two new avenues were laid out and named Mesier Avenue and Remsen Avenue, in memory of the Mesierfamily and the Dr. Remsen family. Prospect, Academy and Maple Streets were laid out and ex- tended as we known them today. Many new large and small homes were constructed on these new streets which increased the Village population. All the streets were not paved and were of gravel construction. The only streets that were outlined with blue stone curbs and gutters were East and West Main Streets, Market Street, South Avenue, Prospect Street and Academy Street. The only paved sidewalks were those with blue stone flat flagging laid on East and West Main Streets, part 'of Market Street to Dutchess Print Works and part of South Avenue. "'::J Soon after the incorporation, the two fire compa- nies came under the control of the Village. A new fire protection water system with several fire hydrants and a reservoir was built, and a highway and police department were established. The Mesier Home- - stead and land were purchased for a park, and the new Grinnell Library had been constructed. The electric trolley car transit system had been com- pleted from Poughkeepsie to the Village, which afforded better and faster transportation between the village and the County Seat of Poughkeepsie for business transactions, shopping and pleasure. These accomplishments had all taken place just previous to the close of the 19th century. Going into the new 20th century, the Village developed very rapidly with new stores, homes and businesses. A new municipal electric power plant was erected and used by the Village for complete street lighting and business use on a limited or night-only operation until 1910, when the plant was sold to the new Garner Print Works and Bleachery Electrical Division who furnished twenty-four hour electric service. Previous to this time, the Main Streets were lighted by a few illuminating gas lan- terns. All of these subjects are covered in more detail in separate chapters of this history. Up to the 1890's most of the population of the . Village were of English, Scotch and Irish descent. Since that time, many Italian families from Italy have immigrated to the Village and made it their home. They were all a hard working and industrioUli people who purchased and improved their proper- ties, built new homes and established new busi- nesses and professions. One of the largest improvements made by the Village Board was in 1914 when the taxpayers of the Village voted to raise a bond issue of over $300,000 for the complete installation of a new, filtered water and sewer system throughout the Village, details of which are covered in other chapters. This new water system replaced the old unfiltered and inadequate water system which had been installed in the 1860's. The new sewer system replaced the many unsanitary and unsightly out-houses and septic tank systems throughout the Village. The Village, no doubt, attained its growth in manufacturing and business in the first two decades of the 20th century. The old and original Gamer Print Works had been absorbed by the new Gamer Print Works and Bleachery, which had just com- pleted the construction of its four-story brick build- ing for the processing of cloth products and was in the process of rebuilding the old Gamer Print Works 90 l building on the south side of the creek. This new company had completed the construction of its new hydroelectric generating plant to supply electric power to the new and old buildings of the complex. They were also supplying twenty-four hour electric service to the Village, Hughsonville and Chelsea for the first time in history. Construction work for the installation of the new nine-foot steel penstock for the new hydroelectric power station had been com- pleted during 1909 to 1910, employing many skilled and common laborers. The local Sweet-On overall factory was operating at full capacity employing many, both female and male, in its operation. From 1914 until the first World War ended in 1918, the old buildings of the former Gamer Print Works was taken over and occupied for a few years by the Standard Aniline Co. for the manufacture of aniline dyes, as this country's supply had been cut offfrom Germany due to the War. When the United States entered the War in 1917, this company was taken over by the National Aniline Chemical Com- pany for the manufacture of explosive chemical products. This new activity attracted many new people and workers to the Village because the com- pany was operating on a round-the-clock basis and paying very high wages for that time. About six months after the war ceased, this industry closed down, and several of the older buildings had to be destroyed due to the nature of the war operations. The first road or street in the Village to be paved was East and West Main Streets, which also was known as the Albany Post Road and was controlled by New York State. In 1916 the State, which was paving the Albany Post Road with a new three-strip concrete highway from Peeksill to Poughkeepsie, continued this new paving through the Village. New curbs and gutters were also installed. As horses and wagons were still being used, the East and West Main Street uphill sides ofthe new pavement were laid-with a hard grooved brick to enable the horse's shoes to grip the pavement on an uphill pull. A few years later the State Highway Department covered the entire concrete and brick pavement and the old trolley car tracks with a ~acadam pavement. Several months later the Dutchess County High- way Department installed a concrete stirp of pave- ment down South Avenue, which was a county road and is now Route 9D, from the East Main Street intersection to the Village line. During the late 1920's, the Wappingers Falls Chamber of Commerce members decided that the entire Village should have new concrete curbs and gutters and new concrete sidewalks on both sides of each street in the Village. They promoted the idea, and with the cooperation of the Village Board of Trustees, plans were drawn, a bond issue was voted ., by the taxpayers and the new improvement was carried to completion. During the 1932 depression when projects were needed to put men to work, the Village Board of Trustees, under Mayor McCafferty's leadership, made plans to pave every unpaved street in the Village by using P.W.A funds set up by the U.S. Government for creating jobs. A macadam pave- ment was laid on all the remaining unpaved streets throughout the village. These two large improve- ments made Wappingers Falls the first and only Village in Dutchess County with paved streets and concrete sidewalks, curbs and gutters throughout its main and back streets. During the 1900's and 1910's the Village was perhaps the shopping center for all the farms and homes outside the Village. It had three drug stores, each of which sold house paints and related products in addition to their regular drugs, and two of which had ice cream soda fountains; four bakeries, all of which had daily home delivery services; three ice cream parlors and confectionery stores which manu- factured their own ice cream in several flavors; twelve independently owned grocery stores, most of which gave home delivery service and sold kerosene oil for lamps and oil stoves in summer; four dry goods and ladies apparel shops, and five men's furnishing , shops; also three blacksmith shops for horseshoeing and wagon repairs; three plumbing and roofing shops where solid cast iron stoves for cooking and heating purposes were also repaired; five butcher markets, three of which rendered home delivery service. In addition, there were four shoe stores, two watch and clock repair shops, two coal dealers, one newspaper and magazine shop, three milk dealers who rendered daily delivery of dairy products to the homes of several candy stores. Men's barber shops numbered seven and ladies' millinery or hat shops were four. There were three hotels on East Main Street and two hotels on West Main Street in addi- tion to twelve pubs or taverns in the Village. Also, there were four cigar manufacturing shops and the two banks. i' For social and pleasure activities, the people of the Village attended a large auditorium named the Park Hall which had been erected in the 1890's on Spring Street where the American Legion Hall is now located. Shows, lectures, and weekly dances were held and all were well attended. The first moving pictures ever seen in the Village were shown in this hall by itinerant companies about 1903. Later, about 1914, the Park Hall was taken over by the Rialto Theatre Company in Poughkeepsie and remodeled into a moving picture theatre named the Park Theatre for a week-day nightly showing of silent moving pictures, all of which had a very good ;1 'I J ;i1' j1 'I 91 j attendance. Later, about 1927, the theatre adapted the new moving pictures with voice and sound which had just been developed. The theatre was destroyed in a spectacular fire which originated one evening in the Mabie Livery Stable located to the north and rear of the theatre and was never rebuilt. The first moving picture theatre in the ViBage was located on the east side of Market Street on the first floor of the old Meyer three-story building next door to the Cuneo ice cream and confectionery store by a Mr. Godding, about 1907. Each night, two reels of black and white silent moving pictures with writ- ten captions, voice and description would be shown for a price of twenty cents. In between the two reels of pictures, colored slides of a song would be shown accompanied by a piano and singer. The piano was played during the showing of the movie for music. After a few years' operation at this location, the theatre was moved to the north side of East Main Street on the first floor of the George Rush Hotel building where it continued operation until about 1914. Vaudeville acts were featured on Friday and Saturday nights as an added attraction. In 1913 the O'Rourke family, consisting of the father, William, and two sons, Thomas and John, who were all carpenters and musicians, removed the old antique house on the west side of West Main Street about 100 feet north of East Main Street , where they constructed a large one-story frame building which was named the Academy of Music. As the building was located on a side hiB, it was accessible in the front by a series of wide concrete steps. The main floor which was about 70 feet wide and 60 feet deep was covered by a beautiful smooth hard maple floor which made an excellent dance floor and basketball court. At the west end or rear was a raised floor where a stage with curtain for plays and dressing rooms were located. For several years after the Academy's construc- tion, a basketball game and dance was held each Friday night where the young ladies and men ofthe ViBage and surrounding territory would meet to view the basketball game and dance after the game until midnight. It made a nice opportunity for young people to meet and get acquainted with each other and in many cases become married. The dance music was provided by O'Rourke's Orchestra which was composed of the two brothers, Thomas and John, who played the coronet and violin'; their sis- ter, Mary O'Rourke, the piano; William Sanders Academy of Music 92 playing the trombone and Vince Gilmore, the drums. During this time there was much rivalry between the two basketball teams of the Village and teams from the nearby cities. One team named the Delphi Club was sponsored by the local Delphi Club under the managership of Robert Sadler and the second team was named the S.W. Johnson Co. sponsored by the S.W. Johnson Engine Co. No.2 under the man- agement of William Sherman. For several years these teams played against other outside-of-the- Village teams at the Academy each week. In the late 1920's the Academy of Music was purchased by Philip Eisenberg who converted the building into a movie theatre which was named the Academy Theatre. The long concrete steps leading to the entrance were replaced by a completely new brick-faced entrance along the street as it is seen today. In the early 1930's at midnight, the Academy Theatre was partially destroyed by fire. The re- mains were taken over by a man from Pawling, New York, and rebuilt. The former old frame walls and wood floor were replaced by masonry construction, and~the theatre was improved in design and appear- ance. For several years it was well patronized each night, including Sunday, under the management of Joseph Fries, Jr. As television reception became popular in the 1940's, attendance fell off at the theatre and, eventually, the theatre closed down for several years. About 1977 the theatre was pur- chased by a group of theatrically minded people named the County Players, who converted it for their purpose in producing theatrical plays. The first public garage in the Village was built by Frank Dusenberry about 1910. It was a one-story, frame building with concrete floor and was erected on a plot of ground on East Main Street just east of the New Wappingers Falls Post Office. This garage installed the first curb mounted hand-operated gaso- line pump in the Village. After a few years of operation, the garage was removed for the construc- tion of the new Dr. T.K. Cruse building. The first gasoline dispensing service in the Vil- lage was by the Roy Drug Store where gasoline was stored in an outdoor metal tank located on a stone foundation on the edge of the gorge in the rear ofthe drug store building at the southwest comer of the stone bridge. When an automobile required gaso- line, it would be carried in an enclosed five-gallon can from the storage tank and poured into the automobile gas tank. The second garage erected in the Village was in the mid-1910's by George M. Currie who also oper- ated the ice delivery business. This garage was a one-story frame building with glass display win- dows on the East Main Street side at the northeast corner of the stone bridge. The building extended to the rear about 100 feet and was occupied as a Ford sales and service station until about 1928. Then the property was sold to the Central Hudson Gas & Electric Company which removed the front section of the wooden building and erected the two-story brick building now owned by the Knights ofColum- bus Lodge. The first automobile to appear in the Village was a light run-a-bout, two-passenger car which was owned and operated by Irving Ashworth, who was a chemist for the Garner Print Works in 1903. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Ashworth, a promi- nent man who owned and lived on a large estate adjoining the Village and was chief chemist at the Gamer Print Works. Up until about 1928, all the traffic on the Albany Post Road and Route 9D passed through the Village which increased the congestion on the main busi- ness streets. New York State, at that time, was planning to construct a new three-strip concrete highway along this section ofthe Albany Post Road now known as Route 9 and planned to by-pass the Village. The new by-pass road continued north from East Main Street through the Ashworth property, crossed the Wappingers Lake on a new steel bridge and continued north to meet the original road at the Vassar Road intersection. This proved to be an excellent decision as the main streets ofthe Village would be unable to handle the immense traffic of today. In the late 1930's, the Village Board decided to rename some of the village streets and install new street signs on every street comer in the Village. They also gave new house, store and lot numbers to every piece of property in the Village. This act was very necessary as it assisted strangers and visitors to the Village in locating their destination. It was also a great convenience to the Post Office Depart- ment when they instituted mail delivery service throughout the Village in the 1940's. Since its incorporation, the Village did not have nor maintain a garbage or refuse pick-up system. Duringthe early 1930's, the Village officials planned a weekly pick-up system throughout the Village by their regular employees and trucks of the highway department, with the disposal of refuse in the old stone quarry at the rear ofFranklindale Avenue. A few years later, the Village Board constructed an incinerator building and stack at the foot of Franklindale Avenue fortheincineration of all refuse. Due to much needed repairs and the pollution of air, the incinerator was discontinued about 1945 and is now idle. The Village then contracted out the pick- up and disposal of refuse to private companies. When the Village was first incorporated, the 93 ~ I I II :11 d 'I ii official board consisted of three trustees and a presi- dent. In 1876 the number of trustees was increased to six. This first full Board was comprised of John Eagan, John O'Farrell, John H. Dakin, John R. Barlow, George Smith and D.S. Dougherty. In the 1950's the Village was divided into three wards', and two trustees were elected from each ward which gave greaterrepresentation to the Village residents. The Office of President was changed to the Office of Mayor. The following is a list of Village residents who served the Village as President or Mayor from the 1900's to the present time. They are Arthur S. Peacock; John W. Mullen; John W. MacDonald; George W. Smith; Vincent Cashin; Dr. John T. Hepworth ; James Temple; Joseph McCloskey; Peter Furnari and Donald Synnett, several of which have served several terms of office. In the past twenty years, several small Memorial Parks and playgrounds have been acquired by the Village. The first and largest park is Brouthers Field, the land of which was purchased in the 1960's by the Wappingers Falls Lions Club from the George Currie estate and presented to the Village for a baseball park for the Little League Teams and children of the Village. It is located on the west side of South Mesier Avenue and adjoins the Wappingers Lake on the west. This baseball field was dedicated May 17, 1971 in memory of Dan Brouthers, a native of the Village who became a champion batsman and outstanding baseball player int he big league ball teams in 1894-1896. Mr. Brouthers was born in 1858 and died in 1932. A granite stone was erected on the field to his memory. In the 1970's a small Memorial Park was built in the small triangular shaped piece ofland bordering Route 9 and the East Main Street intersection. It was dedicated to the memory of Joseph McDonald, who was lost in action in the Vietnam War. A large rough stone with his name inscribed was erected in the center of the memorial, flanked on each side by three aluminum flag poles. A baseball park and field dedicated to the memory of Mayor James Temple was built at the junction of lower Market Street and Dutchess Terrace in the early 1970's. A large rough stone with his name inscribed is mounted at the junction of the two streets. During the 1970's the Village laid out and devel- oped a small park near West Henry Street and Clapp Avenue to be known as Bain Park in honor of Mr. Raymond Bain, a long-time member of the Village Board. On the west side of the Village a park and play- ground for the children, to be known as Canale Park, was located east of West Main Street near the Village water supply system as a memorial to the Canale Family. Television for the home was being developed in the late 1930's when World War II broke out in the early 1940's and stopped the development and pro- duction ofthis popular amusement. Production was also stopped on washers, refrigerators and all other small and major appliances. After the war ended, production resumed on all appliances and television reception for the home became very popular. In order to receive television reception from the transmitter stations, which at that time were mostly located in New York City, a person would have to install a large television an- tenna on a high point or rQof of his house which was not only expensive to install but was unsightly and subject to all weather conditions, especially light- ning. In some locations, especially in the valleys or mountainous areas, reception was poor. Cablevision from a central location was first installed in the east side of the Village and Town of Wappinger by a Beacon, New York company in the early 1960' s from reception by their receiving towers on Mount Beacon and transmitted to the homes by cable wires, thereby eliminating the unsightly an- tennas. The west side of the Village was later served by Cablevision reception from a company servicing the Town of Poughkeepsie. Cablevision was a great improvement in the reception of color television from greater distance when it was introduced in the late 1960' s. Cablevision service was available to the customers on a twenty- four hour basis for a small charge of about seven dollars a month. In the 1970's the U.S. Cablevision Co. instituted a new feature to its broadcasting by providing sport~ programs and long feature movies without interrup- tion or any advertising on Channel 5, for an addi- tional monthly charge. A special adapter kit would be installed in the customer's home for this special feature. WAPPINGERS FALLS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Tt.e Wappingers Falls Chamber of Commerce was first organized in the Village in the decade of 1910 for the promotion of industrial and business activities. For several years, its members worked to plan a railroad spur from the New York Central Railroad tracks in New Hamburg to the Village for better transportation, but due to costs and difficul- ties in construction, the plans never materialized. In the 1930's the Chamber purchased several acres ofland in the vicinity ofthe present Wappingers 94 'f Junior High School building to attract and accom- modate any future industrial companies that would like to locate in the Village. Later, as an inducement for an industrial unit to locate in the Village, the Chamber agreed to construct the foundation and first floor of an industrial building, which they did. Later the deal was broken by the company and the new construction work lay idle. This acreage and the construction site was later acquired by the new Wappingers Central School District, where the new Central School was constructed. During the 1930' s the Chamber became active in promoting the installation of new concrete side- walks and gutters throughout the entire Village and macadamizing of all the Village streets, which was eventually carried out by the Village Board of Trust- ees. When the Wappingers Chronicle discontinued the publishingofits paper in 1941 the Village had no local paper for publishing news items and advertis- ing. In 1953 the Wappingers Falls Chamber of Commerce made plans to publish a tabloid paper for this purpose, bi-monthly, under the name of the Wappingers Falls Shopper, which was to be mailed to all Village residents. Mr. Herman Osten, an active member ofthe Chamber and a resident ofthe Village, was appointed to oversee and assume the publication of the paper, which proved successful. The following year Mr. Osten purchased the rights to take over and publish the paper, which he has continued over the years to the present time. From this small start by the Chamber, the Wappingers Falls Shopper has expanded over the years and is now published under the name of the Wappingers and Southern Dutchess News in its own and modern building on East Main Street with two other weekly papers, the Beacon Free Press and the Spackenkill Sentinel. .In the 1940's the Chamber was active in locating the industrial firm of the General Case Co., manu- facturers of eyeglass and jewelry cases, in the un- used Wappingers High School building, which had been vacated due to centralization and which they purchased. Within a few years, the Case Company discontin ued business and the buildings were sold to the Central Dutchess Nursing Home, which is still in operation. In 1954 the Chamber voted to install overhead Christmas lighting for the Christmas holiday sea-- son for East and West Main Streets from Spring Street to above the Academy Theatre on West Main Street. The expense of this project was collected by the Chamber Committee from the business, offices, banks and industrial firms of the Village and any deficit was assumed by the Chamber. Lines of wiring with colored lights and lighted ornaments ~ were installed across the main streets at every light pole which, when lighted at night, created the Christ- mas spirit. This project was carried out each Christ- mas Season for about 14 years under the Chairman- ship of this writer and was a great credit to the Chamber. In the late 1970's the Chamber established an office at 14 Mill Street for the transaction of Cham- ber business. The Chamber has been active in promoting other improvements and activities throughout the Village over the years, one of which is the improvement and beautification of East Main Street and the Creek gorge and the Falls by the Visual Environment Committee. Several small trees have been planted along both sides of East Main Street, greatly beau- tifying the downtown area. Under the Presidency of Mr. Norman N ussbickel, who has been elected'for the past three year terms as President, the Chamber membership has grown to over 125 members, many of whom have businesses in the Town of Wappinger and surrounding areas. VILLAGE PHYSICIANS Prior to the 1800's there are no records of physicians living in or serving the Village. During the early years, the physicians had their medical offices in their homes, but in most cases travelled to the patient's home as the patients had no means of transportation to the physician's office. Most all physicians maintained a horse and carriage with stable at the rear of their homes for tr~velling to the patient's home. Dr. Peter D. Schenck is believed to have been the first physician to locate in Wappingers Falls. He was the son of Paul Schenck, an early merchant in Poughkeepsie and a deputy to the third Provincial Congress from this County in 1776. Dr. Schenck had previously practiced in Fishkill whence he returned to the Village in 1820. He was a distinguished physician and continued practice here until his death about 1840. Dr. Cornelius Remsen was the next physician to locate here. He was born in Newton, LJ. on Febru- ary 14, 1789 and moved to Fishkill in 1804 for the purpose of studying medicine, living with his uncles, Peter, James and Thomas Osborn, three bachelor brothers living about three miles north of Fishkill. He pursued his medical studies with Dr. Barton White of Fishkill before locating in Wappingers Falls. He served in the U,S. Army during the War of 1812. . In 1822 he purchased a farm of 66 acres, on which 95 .... was built a stone house, from Edward Churchel, who previously purchased from Nicholas Brewer, an early settler. This farm and house was located around what is known now as South Avenue at the south end ofthe Village. Dr. Remsen laterremoved the old stone house and built a fine frame house for his residence. Dr. Charles Bottsford from Connecticut located in the Village soon after the death of Dr. Schenck about 1840. He was a highly respected physician and practiced here for some years until incapacitated by sickness, when he returned to Con- necticut, where he died. William Baxter, who was born in Delhi in 1805, was a graduate of Union College and the College of Physicians and Law Regions in New York City in 1833. About 1837 he moved to the Village, where he practiced until his death in 1875. Benjamin Colt, who came from the east, practiced in the Village for a few years about 1845 and moved to California. William H. Proal was practicing here in 1847 and continued until his death in 1854 at the age of 36 years. Dr. James M. Cosgrove, who was born in Ja- maica, West Indies in 1841, studied medicine with Dr. ElIot Boyd ofN ew York and moved to Wappingers Falls in 1857. Dr. William Baxter, Jr., the son of the early physician in the Village in 1837 to 1875, was born in Wappingers Falls in 1848: He studied medicine wi th his father and was licensed by the Homeopathic' Medical Society of Dutchess County in 1871, in which year he commenced practice in the Village. Dr. Baxter had his office and resided with his wife in the beautiful old mansion on Andrew Place. They had one daughter, Elizabeth, who married Mr. Winfield Beasley in 1920. Mr. Beasley was then General Manager ofthe Dutchess Bleachery. They made their home with Dr. and Mrs. Baxter, who also had a son, William Baxter; Jr., who operated a newspaper depot and bicycle shop in the Young building on Mill Street. Later, about 1915, he operated a job printing office on the second floor of the building on East Main Street and Reservoir Place. Dr. Nathanial M. Van Dusen was born in Cornwall, Orange County, in 1820. In 1854, after serving two years as surgeon for the Collins Line of steamships between New York and Liverpool, En- gland, he established himself in practice in Hughsonville, whence he re-moved to the Village about 1873. One of the most prominent physicians and sur- geons who located in the Village in 1875 was Dr. Thomas K. Cruse. Dr. Cruse was born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1849. He graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1868 with a degree of A.M. He served for several years in New York City hospi- tals. Afterwards, he spent a year of study in London, Paris and Berlin. In 1874 he accepted an appoint- ment as surgeon in a White Star Line Transatlantic steamship and later established a practice in Tarrytown, New York. In 1878 he removed thence to Wappingers Falls until his death in the 1920's. Dr. Cruse located his office and apartment on the entire second floor of the three-story brick building on Mill Street, now owned and occupied by the Town of Wappinger. About 1915 Dr. Cruse constructed a two-story building on the corner of South Avenue and East Main Street, which was later torn down for the construction of the present U.S. Post Office building. He moved his office and apartment from the Mill Street location to the entire second floor of his new building on South Avenue. Dr. Cruse was a popular physician and surgeon and had a large practice in the vicinity. He was noted for his visits to patient's homes by riding and driving a two-wheel horse drawn carriage. At the time of 1882, the physicians in the Village were Dr. James M. Cosgrove, Dr. William Baxter, Jr., Dr. S. Rose, Jr., Dr. N.M. VanDuser, Dr. Thomas K Cruse, Dr. Edmund Van Wyck, Dr. Isaac M. Cornell and Dr. Thomas Birdsall. Other prominent physicians before and after the turn into the 20th Century were Dr. George A. Van Wagner, with office and home located on Park Street. The Van Wagners had a son, Ernest, who became a detective and high ranking officer in the New York City Police Department for 36 years and who later wrote a book on his experiences in this work, whi~h was highly accepted. Dr. and Mrs. Van Wagner had a bad experience on January 3, 1904, when their house and office was gutted by fire from the Hall house next door, which burned to the ground on a very cold Sunday morning. After their house was rebuilt in the spring, the Van Wagners continued to live there until they passed away. Another popular physician was Dr. Isaac M. Cornell who made his home and office on South Avenuejust one house north ofW est Academy Street. Dr. and Mrs. Cornell had one son, Martense Cornell, who later married and served on the Board of Trust- ees of Grinnell Libraryand the Presbyterian Church for several years. Mrs. Cornell was the organist in the Presbyterian Church for several years. Another prominent doctor of medicine at this time was a Dr. Phinney, who owned a large home and estate on Moran Avenue and East Main Street. He maintained a doctor's office in a small building at the entrance to the estate at the junctions of the above roads which was torn down when the State rebuilt Route 9 in the Village. Dr. Phinney died 96 about 1913. His home was occupied during the first World War by Dr. Wallock, a Swiss chemist who came to the Village as General Manager of the National Aniline and Chemical Co. Dr. Wallock left the Village after the end of the war and the home was occupied by several restaurants or night clubs. The large home was later demolished and the property sold to a realty company on which was constructed the present Imperial Plaza. Dr. William E. Garlick was another very popular physician coming to the Village in the early 1900's. He was born in Dover, New Hampshire in 1882, the son of William B. Garlick and Elizabeth Entwistle Garlick. He graduated in 1904 from the Albany Medical College. He came to the Village and opened his office on the second floor apartment on the west end ofthe Grinnell Library. He made his first calls to patients by horse and carriage, which was driven by a coachman, Mr. Louis Anthony. When the automobile became more dependable and popular, Dr. Garlick was the first doctor in the Village to change over from the horse and carriage to the automobile on visits to his patients, with Mr. Anthony as his chauffeur. In 1910, Dr. Garlick married Miss Lydia H. Booth, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Booth. Mr. Booth was the superintendent ofthe engraving shop at the Dutchess Print Works. Dr. and Mrs. Garlick made their first home and his office in the large residence at the northeast comer of South Avenue and East Academy Street. A few years later they moved to the former Benjamin Clapp home at the end of East Henry Street. A few years later the Garlicks purchased the former Dr. Remsen estate, named the "Maples", from the George Wood estate on the west side of South Avenue, where they made their home and his office for several years, until his death in 1957. The Garlicks had one son, Dr. Willaim Booth GarlIck, and one daughter, Gloria Booth Garlick, who married William F. Bogle, all of whom are now living in Poughkeepsie. Dr. Garlick was President of the Board of Direc- tors of the National Bank of Wappingers Falls for several years, and President of the Board of Trust- ees of the First Presbyterian Church. He was a member ofthe Dutchess Golf and Tennis Club, the Lake Placid Club and was health officerforthe Town ofWappingers for several years. Dr. Garlick was a member of the N ew York State American Medical Association and, at one time, the Chief of Staff of Vassar Brothers Hospital in Poughkeepsie. Dr. Garlick was buried in the Wappingers Rural Cem- etery . During this same time, Dr. Paul V. Winslow, a medical doctor, came to the Village and set up an office and residence for his family on Park Street, just east of Park Avenue. About 1915, he moved out of town to a new location. Another very prominent doctor who came to the Village in the early 1900's was Dr. Robert Hunting Breed, a very capable physician and surgeon from Cornwall, N ew York. He was one of the first doctors, as was Dr. Garlick, to use an automobile for calling on patients, and employed Mr. Peter Anthony, a brother of Mr. Louis Anthony, who was the chauf- feur for Dr. Garlick, as a chauffeur for his car. Dr. Breed served on the surgical staff of Vassar Brothers Hospital in Poughkeepsie and Highland Hospital in Beacon, New York, for many years. During the First World War in 1914, Dr. Breed was the attending physician in the private hospital set up on the property of the National Aniline and Chemical Company in the former Dutchess Print Works. In the manufacture of its dye products and munitions products, many ofthe employees became ill with a poison rash on the skin of their bodies, which Dr. Breed treated at the hospital. This was also the time ofthe severe flu epidemic in 1918, when Dr. Breed and other doctors worked night and day to treat the affected patients. In October 1910, Dr. Breed married Miss Edna Estella Roy, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James S. Roy of Academy Street in the Village, in the Zion Episcopal Church. Mr. Roy was one of the propri- etors of Roys Pharmacy and served as President of the Village Board of Trustees. They made their home and his offices on Andrew Place in the Village. Dr. and Mrs. Breed had two sons, Dr. James R. Breed, who is a prominent phy- sician and surgeon with offices and home in Poughkeepsie and serves on the staff of Vassar Brothers Hospital. Also, Robert Breed resides in Poughkeepsie. During the 1910's and early 20's, a very popular and capable physician and surgeon named Dr. Ralph Hoyt, with office and home in Fishkill Village, made house calls by appointment to his patients in the Village ofWappingers Falls. In the earlier years, he made his house calls by horse and carriage with a driver, which was later replaced by a motor car with the same chauffeur. Dr. Hoyt built a beautiful brick house on the east side of the Fishkill-Beacon Road, where he and his new bride lived for several years. After his death, the home was dismantled to make way for the new Fishkill Village Shopping Center, where Barkers' Department Store is now located. At the end of World War I or early 1920's, a prominent physician, Dr. F.S. O'Brien, who had served in the U.S. Army as First Lieutenant in the Medical Corp., came to the Village to set up an office on the second floor of the AS. Hunt building on East 97 ~ 'Ij 'l: :\ ij",.i 'f j i ,( 'I ~ ~' I j r' I Main Street, for the practice of medicine and a residence on Park Street, which had been vacated by Dr. Winslow. After several years, or about 1933, fire destroyed the entire wooden building with the loss of his office. Dr. O'Brien purchased the remaining building and land and on it constructed a new one- story building of brick construction for his medical practice and office, which still stands today. Dr. O'Brien was appointed to the U.S. Board of Pension Examiners for the Poughkeepsie District by Washington. This position required a man ofmedi- cal ability and preferably an ex-serviceman, in which Dr. O'Brien was well qualified. He received his medical education at the University of Michigan after which he served an internship at the General Hospital of Buffalo. Dr. O'Brien was a very promi- nent and popular medical doctor in the Village for several years. Dr. James Kerrigan, a specialist on the eyes, ears and throat, came to the Village during the early 1930's. He purchased the large home, formerly owned by the John Bogle family on the southwest corner of South Avenue and Prospect Street, where he and Mrs. Kerrigan made their home and medical offices. They were both connected with Vassar Brothers Hospital in Poughkeepsie. Mrs. Kerrigan was a trained nurse and served one year as Presi- dent of Vassar Hospital Training School-Alumni Association. Dr. Kerrigan was a very popular phy- sician in treating his specialties, serving the Village and surrounding territory for many years, until his death in the 1960's. Mrs. Kerrigan still maintains her home at the South Avenue residence, which is one of the oldest and most attractive in the Village. Dr. Paul Jacobson, who fled from Germany dur- ingthe Second World War, came to the Village with his wife in the 1940's. He set up a medical practice in an office on South Avenue, south of East Academy Street and, after a few years, purchased the brick residence across from the First Presbyterian Church from the Conrad Stripple estate, where he and Mrs. Jacobson made their home and office for many years. He became a very popular and well liked physician, serving the community until ill health forced his retirement in the early 60's. Dr. and Mrs. Jacobson had one son, Franklin, who was musically inclined and left. the Village at an early age. Dr. Jacobson passed away in the late 1960's. In the 1940's Dr. Chester Golding came to the Village as a practicing physician, settingup his office and home with Mrs. Golding on Mill Street. A few years later, they purchased the former Blythe resi- dence on the northeast corner of East Main Street and Mesier Avenue, where they established their home and office up to the present time. Dr. Golding served several years as a Dutchess County Coroner ..... and as Director in the Wappinger Savings Bank. Also at this time, two new physicians came to the Village for the practice of medicine. They were Dr. Gordon Brannan and his wife, Dr. Winona Brannan, who made their first home and office in the VanDeWater home on South Avenue. A few years later, the Brannans constructed a new modern home outside the Village near Osborn Hill Road in the Town of Wappinger and expanded the South Avenue Medical offices. In the late 1960's Dr. Chester Golding combined his office and practice with the two Drs. Brannan to form the Wappingers Medical Group. A large one- story frame addition was ere.cted on the southside of the Brannans' medical office on South Avenue to form a much larger and modem medical office with several nurses in attendance. Also, during the 1940 decade, two new physicians located in the Village. Dr. William Abruzzi, who had served in the U.S. Navy during World War II, opened a new office on East Main Street for the practice of medicine. In the 1960's Dr. Abruzzi became associ- ated with several "Rock and Roll" groups as a physi- cian for the treatment of drugs during their get- togethers and yearly conventions. Dr. and Mrs. Abruzzi made their home in a new residence in the Town of Wappinger on Fenmore Drive. Dr. Abruzzi retired from practice during the late 1960's. The other physician was Dr. Albert R. Scafuri who, with Mrs. Scafuri, located his home and office .on the west side ofMesier Avenue in the Village. Dr. Scafuri, who in the last several years, specialized in certain types of service, is still active as a physician. Duringthe 1970 decade, the Village ofw appingers Falls could use the services of additional physicians, . as the population in and outside the Village has increased considerably. There are only two active physicians in the Wappingers Medical Group to care for this increased population, whereas at the turn of the 20th Century, there were at least six physicians for treating a smaller population. VILLAGE LAWYERS ~e first lawyer to locate in the Village was John W. Bartrum, who was born in Unionvale, Dutchess County, on December 25, 1843. He gradu- ated from the State Normal School atAlbany in 1863 and read the elementary works on law while en- gaged in teaching in the district schools. On Janu- ary 1, 1871, he opened a law office in Wappingers Falls, where he practiced for years. Elisha Rusk was admitted in 1879 and in that years opened an office in the Village. 98 ,~ ~; '" , Bernard J. Tinney, who was born in Wappingers Falls in 1857 and was educated in the Channingville Union Free School, read law in the office of John W. Bartrum in the Village and later with Henry Daily, Jr., of New York City. He was admitted September 12, 1878 and commenced practice in the Village at that time. He was elected corporation clerk in 1880. T.C. Walkman from Touners, Putnam County, read law with J.W. Bartrum in the Village and was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1881. He opened an office in the Village shortly after. In the early 1900's a lawyer of prominence, George Wood, located in the Village, and with his family, occupied the large home on the northwest comer of Upper Henry Street. He maintained a law office in his home and also a law office in Poughkeepsie, New York. For several years, he was a Dutchess County District Attorney. About 1910 he moved his office, home and family to the former Dr. Cornelius Remsen estate, known as the "Maples", on the east side of lower South Avenue, until his death in the 1920's. Mr. and Mrs. Wood had two daughters, both popular in the Village. Both daughters married lawyers who established their homes and businesses in Poughkeepsie. Ronald Fletcher Bogle, the son of John and Sarah Mason Bogle, became a practicing attorney in ~916. He was the son and descendent of the Bogle family, long connected with the operation and supervision of the local Dutchess Print Works. Mr. Bogle was a graduate of Williams College in 1913, where he received his B.A degree. He won his LL.B. degree in 1916 and was admitted to the bar the same year. Mr. Bogle married Miss Julia Fredricks, a native of Houston , Texas, and established their home in the former Sweet residence and property, known as Catalpa Terrace, on Prospect Street in the Village. Mr. Bogle maintained law offices both at his home and on Union Street, Poughkeepsie. He served several years as Justice of the Peace in the Town of Wappinger. Mr. Bogle served as a president of Grinnell Library and Wappingers Rural Cemetery and an officer of the Zion Episcopal Church. Mr. Bogle passed away suddenly in March 1958. Other lawyers who maintained law offices in the Village in the second quarter of the 20th Century were Holmes VanDewater and Ernest Thornhill. Mr . VanDeWater died in May, 1924, in a mysterious fire one morning, while starting his car in his garage at the rear of his home on South Avenue. Russell Aldrich, a native of Poughkeepsie where he maintained a law office, also operated a law office in the Herbert Linge building on Market Street in the Village during the 1940's and 1950's. He later moved his office to the Marine Midland Bank build- ing in the Imperial Plaza. Mr. Aldrich married - Grace Marie Burke, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Burke. Mr. Burke was a one-time manager of the Dutchess Bleachery complex. Mr. Aldrich served as an officer in the Zion Episcopal Church, a past president of Grinnell Library and the Wappingers Falls Lions Club. He passed away in April 1977. During the 1960' s and 70' s, James J. Lyons, Fred V. Damanda and Harold Reilly each had a law office in the Village. James J. Lyons is the son of Joseph V. Lyons, who resided on West Main Street and served as Clerk of Surrogate's Court in the City of Poughkeepsie. Mr. James J. Lyons served as lawyer and advisor for many years to the School, Town and Village Board of Trustees and lives with his family on West Academy Street in the former Lucius Bush home. He also held the offices of Village Police Justice and Town Justice of the Peace. Harold H. Reilly is the son of Dr. Harold Reilly, a prominent local dentist. He practiced law from his office on East Main Street and for several years was Police Justice for the Village. He lives with his family on South Mesier Avenue in the family home. Fred V. Damanda carne to the Village in the 1930' s as a school teacher in the Wappingers Central School. He later studied law and in 1955 obtained a master's degree from Columbia University and earned his Bachelor of Law Degree from St. John's University School of Law. He served as a trustee in the Village Board and as a Police Justice for the Village. Mr. Damanda operates a law office and resides with his family at 4 Oak Parkin the Village. CONSTRUCTION OF NEW APARTMENTS AND SHOPPING PLAZAS 'I:.e completion of the three-strip concrete high- way of Route 9, Albany Post Road by-pass of the Village in the early 1930's opened additional land and new territory for further expansion of the Vil- lage. This new by-pass road was constructed from East Main Street in the Village, north through the extensive farm lands ofthe Daniel Ashworth estate, across Wappingers Lake on a new steel bridge, and continued north to meet the Old Post Road at the Vassar Road intersection. The first shopping plaza to be erected on this new road was named the Dutchess Shopping Plaza lo- cated on the east side of the road at the East Main Street intersection in the early 1950's. The Grand Union Company and the Urey Hardware Co. were two of the main stores which moved from the busi- ness section ofthe Village to this new plaza. A large, modem diner was also set up by the Monach family 99 to the north of the Plaza building. Several other small businesses were established around the New Hackensack Road intersection, including the Burroughs and, later, Andy's Diner. A few years later, in the late 1950's, a second shopping area, known as the Lafayette Shopping Plaza, was also co~structed on the property of the Ashworth estate, south ofWappingers Lake on the west side of Route 9. The largest occupant was the A & P Grocery Chain with several smaller retail stores adjacent. The A & P Co. closed this store in the late 1970's. Just north of this building, a large bowling alley and restaurant was constructed by Joseph De Lucia from Cold Spring, New York, under the name of the Holiday Recreational Center, which has since changed ownership and is still a popular amuse- ment center. About 100 feet further north was constructed a large concrete block building which was first occu- pied by the Big Scot Department Store. After a few years of operations, this chain of stores ceased op- erations, and the store was closed. It was later remodeled and occupied for a few years as a branch office and laboratory of the IBM Co. In the last few years of the 1970's it has been occupied by the J.D. Cohen Co. as a furniture sales and warehouse busi- ness. To the west, orrear, of this Lafayette Plaza, a new housing development was established on a new road named Liss Road. North Mesier Avenue was ex- tended further north to the new Lafayette Plaza and to the Route 9 Post Road. All of the above land and buildings east ofthe Wappingers Lake and west of Route 9 were incorporated into the Village of Wappingers Falls, which gave the new owners wa- ter, sewer, fire and police protection and other Vil- lage services. In the early 1960's the Village again expanded its territory by incorporating a large piece of several hundred acres of land along the east side of the Albany Post Road or Route 9 and the south side of the New Hackensack Road. This land was bordered on the east by the construction of a new road named Imperial Boulevard and then west to meet the old Village line. This incorporated land received all the Village services, including water, sewer, fire and police protection, to the new businesses and apart- ments. The major front portion ofthe land was used for the construction of the Imperial Shopping Plaza and the south rear section for the erection of the Imperial Twin Towers apartment complex. This twin tower project consisted of two brick, six-story apartment buildings, each with three wings and with elevator service. The ownership of these two buildings changed in 1977 and the two buildings were known as the "Imperial Gardens". The Imperial Plaza occupies a large acreage of land bordering the east side of Route 9, the New Hackensack Road and the Imperial Boulevard. It contains two large long masonry buildings con- structed at right angles to each other. The first, or south, building contained a unit of the Grand Union chain and several smaller and independent stores. The east building contained a large department store on the south end owned by the Grand Way chain, which was discontinued in the early 1970's and is now occupied by the United States Postai Service as a central receiving and distribution mail center. Several smaller shops occupy the remainder of the building. Near the New Hackensack Road a large theatre named the "Imperial Theatre" was constructed for the daily showing of first class movies. Along the above road was constructed the Marine Midland National Bank building containing a branch office of this bank and an Insurance Company and real estate office. Also nearby is located a large Mcdonald's Restau- rant and a carwash operation. Directly off Route 9 was located the large dining facilities known as Marty's Place. Inthemiddle ofthe above building complex was an enormous space for the parking of hundreds of cars. Previous to the construction of Route 9 or the Old Albany Post Road into a dual highway in the 1950's, Moran Avenue continued into the New Hackensack Road; but since that time, was made into a dead-end street where it meets the Route 9 highway. Travelling further south toward the Village line on the dual highway, Route 9, several new busi- nesses have been established during the 1960's and 70's. On the west side going south is a wet wash laundry, the Jack-In-The-Box hamburger restau- rant and Perkins Pancake Restaurant. Just over the line on the old Post Road was located the Rowe- Rutledge Garden-Tractor Sales and Service Shop. On the east side going north, a large diner restau- rant called the "Majestic" was constructed in 1977. The population of the Village was increased dur- ingthe 1950's and 60's by the construction of several apartment complexes, four of which were constructed along Route 9. A colonial-type apartment complex was erected just south of Brookside Avenue with its main en- trance on Route 9 and a rear entrance off North Remsen Avenue, under the name of the "Brookside Apartments". The buildings are mostly of brick masonry construction with wood colonial trimmings. Outdoor lightingis provided by colonial-type electric lanterns with underground wiring. Further north on Route 9, on the east side of the 100 road but just outside of the Village, are the Scenic Gardens Apartments with their own water and sewer system. They are located on the Ashworth estate, where the Ashworth residence was formerly located. Just south of the Imperial Shopping Plaza are the Ashley Apartments, consisting of several large buildof frame construction, which were built in the early 1960's. On the west side of Route 9 is located a Town House apartment complex named the "Montclair Apartments", constructed along Alpine Drive. In the 1960's, to the west of South Avenue, were constructed the Leewood Arms Apartments. They were constructed on the property known as the "Maples", which was the former estate of Dr. Wil- liam E. Garlick and the original Dr. Remsen estate. A new street, named "Carmine Drive", was laid out through the estate for the construction of new apart- ments. It was not until the 1920's that the Village ex- panded to the south of Elm Street along South Avenue, South Mesier and Remsen Avenue and east - of South Remsen Avenue. In the past 50 years, many new and substantial homes have been built on both sides of the old and new streets. Today, there are very few, if any, building lots available in the Vil-, lage. The old, or original, business section around Market, Mill and East and West Main Streets, has been unable to expand its operations in the last few decades due to its location on the gorge, falls and Wappingers Lake, and the high slope ofthe land on both sides of the Creek. It has been restricted also by the two beautiful parks, Zion Episcopal and Methodist Churches and the new Post Office build- ing to the east. Parking space for shoppers' cars is at a premium due to the lack ofland for a parking lot. Consequently, all new and large businesses had to b~ located on the outskirts of the Village on land annexed and incorporated into the Village. THE tOOTH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION OF THE INCORPORATED VILLAGE 'During the year 1971, the ViJJage of Wappingers Falls celebrated its 100 years as an incorporated Village. In this year of celebration, the Village Board was composed of Peter Furnari, Mayor of the Village and Donald Synnett, John Sullivan, Raymond Dolan, Raymond Bain, Tony DiDomizio and Gerald McCluskey as Ward Trustees. Joseph ~ McDonald was treasurer; Leo Lowney, secretary; and James Lyons was lawyer and advisor. To arrange for this important 100th anniversary celebration, a general committee and several smaller sub-committees were appointed. Mr. Arthur Weit was General Chairman, and Mayor Peter Furnari and former Mayor Joseph McCloskey were Honorary Co-Chairmen ofthis large and important event. The "71" General Committee consisted of the following: John Finn, John Ferris, Joseph Greco, Joseph Sherman, Marge Jennings, Gerald McCloskey, Eugene Giancarlo, John Cheetham, Vir- ginia Ferris, William Brower and Eileen Weit. Several activities were carried out during the year, but the two major events were the "Picnic in the Park" and the large firemen's and Community Day parade. The ':Picnic in the Park" was a week- long event and was attended by many of the old- timers from out of town, as well as the people ofthe Village and surrounding communities. All kinds of games, picnic and refreshment booths, music and dancing and a large art display were held through. out the Mesier Park during the week. The parade consisted of local and visiting fire companies with their musical organizations, veterans organizations, lodge and fraternal groups and several floats. A small history book of the Village with photographs was published for distribution at a small price by a committee consisting of Chairman John Ferris; Jo- seph Sherman, Co-Chairman; Carolyn Wixson and Cynthia Wieglos. In all it was an event well-planned and carried out by the committees. Since that time in 1971, a "Picnic in the Park" event has been planned and carried out for one week each summer in Mesier Park as a "get-together" and meeting place for the Village residents. VILLAGE SOCIAL AND CIVIC CLUBS In the 1890's there were three social clubs named the Crescent, IVY and Eureka, on which no informa- tion is available, and all of which disbanded at an early date. One of the most popular and longest established clubs was the Fourth Ward Social Club which was established just after the close ~ the Spanish American War in 1898 by many of the veterans ofthat War. The membership consisted of many of the prominent business and civic leaders of the Village. For the first 25 years, the club occupied the entire second floor of the Manning building on Mill Street. This building was later purchased by the National Bank ofWappingers Falls, which re- 101 .~ modeled the first floor for their new banking head- quarters. In the last ten years of this 35 years of activity, they occupied rooms in the Rush and Van Nosdall buildings, where they disbanded in the early 1930's. In 1914 a group of young men of the ViII age organized the Delphi Social Club as a place where they could meet and become better acquainted with each other. The first meeting rooms were estab- lished on the second floor of the A Seaman Hunt building on the north side of East Main Street. Within a couple of years, the club moved to better and larger headquarters across the street to the second floor of the Britner building where larger rooms, toilet facilities and central heat were avail- able. The members occupied their time with card games, pool playing and a piano for group singing. This club organized its own basketball team and was noted for promoting basketball tournaments and games wit other county players. Every Friday night for about two years, during the First World War, the club Basketball Committee, under the direction of Robert Sadlier, a member, held a basket- ball game and dance in the Academy of Music build- ing on West Main Street. This activity was the cen ter of attraction each week for the young couples of the Village to meet for a social gathering. During the summer, the club promoted moonlight sails and dancing on the steamer "Petrel", cruising on the Hudson River. The club disbanded in 1918 soon after this coun- try entered the First World War, when many of its members were called in the government services, and was never reorganized. During the 1920's, a ladies organization was organized under the name of the Ladies Afternoon Wisk Club, which took an active interest in Village affairs. This club was the first group to light the tall spruce tree at the South Avenue entrance ofMesier Park at Christmas time. They continued this an- nual program for several years until the project was taken over by the Wappingers Falls Lions Club and continues to the present time. * * * The Wappingers Falls Lions Club was granted its charter on October 31, 1932 from the International Association of Lions Club through its sponsor club, the Newburgh Lions Club. Its membership of 30 charger members was composed of influential busi- ness and industrial men of the Village. The club was organized and held its first meeting in the Morettoni Restaurant on West Main Street with Mr. George Yerry as President. The club has met bi-monthly in the evenings each month for .... dinner meetings since then at the Colonial Restau- rant, Route 9, Wendover Farms on Vassar Road and the past 20 years at the Woronock Hotel in New Hackensack. One ofthe main activities ofthe club was to help and assist the blind and each year they conducted a White Cane Drive, the proceeds of which paid for eye examinations and glasses for the needy. On September 10, 1937 the Lions Club conducted a Darktown Parade Night through the Village as an opener for the large firemen's parade to be con- ducted the following Saturday in honor of the 100th anniversary ofthe Village Fire Department. During the 1930's the club installed the wiring and floodlight fixtures to light the Wappingers Lake Cove in the winter months for ice skating at night. Also at this time the club sponsored and promoted Troop 27, Boy Scouts of America, which is stilI active to the present time. During World War II the club cooperated with Scout Troop 27 in the monthly collection of scrap paper and metals for the war effort. Club members assisted the Scouts and also furnished them trucks for the collections. Each year the Lions' members have entertained the Scout Troop members with a dinner at one of their regular meetings and have contributed funds for troop ex- penses. The Lions Club has been very active over their years in setting up an eye bank and eye glaucoma examinations each year from a Mobile County Unit set up in the Village and through the collection of old and used eyeglasses and frames for distribution to the poor countries. For about 20years the club conducted the Annual Halloween night parade for the children th rough th~ ViII age with music furnished by the Central School Band. Prizes were awarded for the best costumes by the judges in Mesier Park, after which cider and doughnuts were given to the paraders. The Lions Club purchased several acres of land bordering the Wappingers Lake and west of North Mesier Avenue, which were given to the Village to be used as a playground and Little League ball park and named Veterans Park. They contributed to the development of the ball park and landscaping of same. In 1961 the club started a campaign to rewire and install new lighting fixtures in the Grinnell Library at a cost of several thousand dollars. The new lighting fixtures made a big improvement to the library rooms, replacing the fixtures which were installed in 1913. Another outstanding project of the club was the erection and lighting of the outdoor band or music shell in the center of Mesier Park, just south of Mesier Homestead, in the 1970's, as a location where 102 ~ .; \; ,~. musicals, concerts and dances could be given. The wooden structure is mounted on a reinforced con- crete platform or base which is 36 feet long and 20 feet wide. It is lighted by overhead fluorescent ligh ts and floodlight fixtures and wired for a portable sound system. For the past several summer seasons in the evening, the club has sponsored several vocal, orchestral and dancing groups, including the West Point Military Band, to the public at weekly periods. The large grass plot in front of the band shell was floodlighted at night and, with its sloping elevation, allowed the spectators a good view of the perfor- mances. For the past several years, the club has used the band shell for their Christmas activities and the singing of Christmas carols for the annual lighting of the Christmas tree, which is located about 100 feet to the rear. This custom of lighting the Christmas tree has been carried out and financed each year for the past 30 years by the club. It is located so that all cars and people passing through the Village can admire the beauty of this Christmas symbol. The Lions Club took an active interest in the Village Centennial Celebration and parade. During its 45 years of operation, the club has rendered many services to me Village. One other club that has rendered much service to the community is the Wappingers Falls Kiwanis Club, which was organized in 1958. FRATERNAL LODGES IN THE VILLAGE One of the oldest fraternal societies in the Village is Lafayette Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows No. 18, which was instituted on Janu- ary 4, 1838 in the Blackburn Hotel on West Main Street, where they held their meetings for several years. The charter members were John A. Kennedy, J.D. Stewart, George Chattilon, Joseph R. Young, William A. Taylor, John Ellison and JosephBlackburn. The growth of the Lodge was slow during the first few decades, until after the Civil War, when the membership increased to the point where they required their own headquarters. After many attempts, the progressive members succeeded in having the Lodge purchase a piece of- land from the Mesiers on South Avenue, where the Odd Fellows Temple now stands. Plans for the new building were accepted November 30, 1876. The dedication ceremonies were held May 2,1877, which included a parade, band concert, public speaking and dancing. This temple is one of the most out standing buildings in the Village, located as it is on ~ South Avenue, just south of the new, colonial Post Office building and Mesier Park, and across the avenue from the beautiful Zion Park. It is a four- story building of brick masonry construction with two apartments on each of the first and second floors of the Lodge headquarters, occupying the third and fourth floors. After construction ofthis new lodge building, the membership increased rapidly to a total of 248 in 1899. The membership has always included the most prominent and active men of the Village. One of their members was elevated to the highest office ofthe Lodge in the State ofN ew York when he was elected to the Office of Grand Master ofthe State of New York. This member is Mr. Herman N. Harcourt, the son of a prominent and old business family of I.T.N. Harcourt, who resided on South Mesier Avenue. Mr. Harcourt was initiated into Lafayette Lodge on November 4, 1920 and took an active interest in the operation of the Lodge. In 1914 a sister lodge was formed under the name of Lafayette Rebecca Lodge, which is still active in 1977. A prominent member of the lodge who gave much of his time and talent to the construction ofthe new lodge building was Mr. William Halliwell, a Past Grand of the Lodge. Mr. Halliwell was born in June of1825 in England. Hejoined the Lodge in February 1855 and became a 50 year member in 1905. Mr. Halliwell was a master mechanic of the Garner Print Works complex for many years until it was sold in 1908. He lived for many years in his large house on South Avenue where he died in August 1916 at the age of 91 years; 61 of which were as an Odd Fellow member. The Lafayette Odd Fellow Temple building has occupied its Village site for the past 100 years and the lodge fraternity is 139 years old, the eldest lodge in the Village. The second oldest fraternal lodge organized in the Village in 1867 was Wappingers Lodge No. 671, Free and Accepted Masons. For a number of years, the lodge occupied the third or top floor of the brick building on the northeast corner of East Main Street and Reservoir Place. About 1915, under the supervision of the Worshipal Master, Orville M. Whitehouse, the lodge purchased the three-story brick building on Mill Street from the Garner Print Works. They com- pletely remodeled the top or third floor for a new lodge meeting room. 'llle second floor was com- pletely changed into a dJl1ing room, kitchen, recre- ation and pool room. Bathrooms with running water and a new steam heating system was installed. During the 1950's, due to increased membership and the desire to locate the meeting room on a lower 103 ~ t.... "~- level, the lodge purchased several acres of land on the south side of the Myers Comer Road on which they constructed a new Temple building with the lodge room on the main floor and dining room and kitchen facilities in the basement. Their building on Mill Street was sold to the Town of Wappinger for use as a Town Hall, which they occupy to the present time. During the early 1900's there were several other fraternal lodges in the Villages, the largest of which ' was the Victory Council, Junior Order United Ameri- can Mechanics, who maintained their lodge room on the third floor of the Goring building on East Main Street. They had a very large membership of about 300 members but ceased operation during and after the end of World War I. The Knights of Pythias Lodge was another very popular lodge organized in the late 1870's with a membership of prominent men who maintained their lodge and meeting for several decades on the third floor of the Garner Print Works building on Mill Street. This lodge ceased operations about 1914 and the rooms were taken over by the Masonic Lodge, who had purchased the building. In the early 1900's the Independent Order of Red Men Lodge was organized but also disbanded in the twenties. Also, at this time, a lodge was organized on the west side of the Village under the name of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, who had their meeting rooms on the third floor of the Temperance Hall building on West and West Main Street. The lodge. room and records were destroyed by fire, which also destroyed the brick building which had housed the headquarters of the S.W. Johnson Engine Co. No.2 in 1920 and was never replaced. In 1912 the Knights of Columbus Lodge No. 646 was established in the Village by several prominent business and professional men. The new lodge acquired the building at the junction of West Main and School Street where the lodge headquarters was located on the second floor and recreation rooms on the first floor. The first President of the new society was Professor Edward M. Drake, a professor of Union Free School District No.1 and a Justice for the Town of Poughkeepsie. The lodge became very active and eventually outgrew its headquarters on West Main Street. In the early 1960's the Knights of Columbus Lodge purchased the branch office and truck head- quarters building of the Central Hudson Gas and Electric Co. located on East Main Street. The lodge remodeled the entire building for their use and replaced the rear one-story wooden addition with a masonry concrete block building containing an audi- torium for their lodge meetings and other assem- blies. For several years, during the 1970's, the Senior Citizens Group of the Village were given the use of the auditorium and have assembled there for their weekly meetings. This building of attractive Colonial design and brick masonry construction adds much prestige to the business section of the Village. The building was named the Monsignor Loughlin Memorial Hall in honor of Monsignor Loughlin, a member ofthe Knights of Columbus, who for many years was pastor of St. Mary's Church and who contributed much to the growth and improvements of that church. Of his 54 years in the priesthood, Monsignor Loughlin spent 36 of them at St. Mary's. He died at the age of 90 ~n November 17, 1964. VILLAGE VETERAN ORGANIZATIONS In the early 1910's a group of Italian citizens organized a religious group known as Our Lady of Mount Carmel Society. They purchased a building on West Main Street where they remodeled and established their lodge room. In 1926 the Ladies Auxiliary of Our Lady of Mount Carmel was estab- lished. In the early years, the male group celebrated Mount Carmel Day with a parade with music through the Village to St. Mary's Church for services. The day was climaxed that evening with a beautiful display offireworks, dancing and refreshments which all the people ofthe surrounding community looked forward to attending each year. This display was first presented on a lot in Stoneco and later moved to just outside the Village on the large tract of land adjoining the north side of the Wappingers Rural Cemetery, and in latter years, to De LaVergne Av- enue on land of the Mount Alvernia Seminary. When the Ladies Auxiliary was established, they also participated in the annual parade. In the latter years, the fireworks display has been discontinued. There were several Veteran groups in the Village, one of which was the Ketcham Post, G.A.R. which was organized after the Civil War and continued operations until about 1910. This Post and the Women's Auxiliary met for years in the lodge room, third floor of Gorings Hall on East Main Street. For years, they were instrumental in taking care of and decorating the Civil War Veteran's graves in the local cemeteries on Decoration Day, which is now known as Memorial Day. In the later part of the 19th Century an organiza- tion known as Zion Company No. 22 Knights of Temperance was formed by Zion Episcopal Church for the military training and drilling of the young men of the church. This group, under the command of Captain William Kenichel, practiced drilling each week at the Church parish building. They wore dark ::i }: 1; f",~,,,:,: ?\ ; ., i: ;; J 7' 104 , blue uniforms and a Civil War-type cap and each man carried a rifle. Each Memorial Day they partici- pated in the parade to the Village cemeteries to honor the deceased Veterans. This group disbanded in the late 1900's. After World War I, the returning Village Veter- ans of that War established in 1919 a veteran's organization under the name of J. Morris Goring Post, American Legion, named in honor of J. Morris Goring, a native Villager and son of a prominent Village family, Mr. and Mrs. John M. Goring, a funeral director and businessman. A few years later the name of the post was changed to the J. Morris Goring-William Kurtz Post, American Legion, which name is retained to the present time. This post became very popular with the returning Veterans and within a few years constructed the American Legion building on Spring Street for their home and meeting rooms. This building was of wood frame, one-story construction, with a large finished basement located opposite Park Avenue. At the present time the entire first floor is rented to the Village ofWappingers Falls for 11 meeting room, clerk's office and business office opened daily for the transaction of Village business. Soon after the end of World War I the postwas able to obtain from the U.S. Government a relic of , ~ the First World War, a large German field artiIlery gun mounted on two large wooden wheels. The post located this gun in the Zion Park with the gun muzzle pointed toward East Main Street and South Avenue. One night a car coming down Eat Main Street ran over the South Avenue curb, striking the gun, so the muzzle went through the car windshield, but not striking the driver. After this incident the Legion moved the gun to a new location to the north west corner of Mesier Park, across the street from the Legion headquarters. During the second World War in the 1940's, the Legion contributed the gun for its metal to the metal scrap drive to help the war effort. The post assumed the activities of the old G.A.R. Civil War Post in the decorating of the soldier's graves in the local cemeteries and with the parade and other activities on Decoration Day, now Memo- rial Day. At the close of the second World War a second Veterans Organization was established in the Vil- lage under the name of Veterans of Foreign Wars. This organization established their headquarters in the former District No. 1 Union Free School on School Street, which the organization had purchased. The entire building was remodeled for their use as a meeting room, kitchen and dining room. "Coveredbridgebuiltoverthe Wappingers Creek at the Village ofWappingersFalls in 1819. Torn down 1851. The plate was made from a photograph of a painting by Clinton Clapp, which was obtained through the courtesy of Miss May Barlow of Wappingers Falls". 105