Assessment DEC/Chelsea
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species
Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension
Phase 1 and Phase 2
Town of Wappinger, Dutchess County
August 1, 2012
Prepared For:
Morris Associates
9 Elks Lane
Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
Prepared by:
Michael Nowicki
Ecological Solutions, LLC
1248 Southford Road
Southbury, CT 06488
(203) 910-4716
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The project consists of the installation of new water main in two phases as follows: Phase 1: Installation of
approximately 20,000 LF of new 12 inch water main extension and appurtenances from the United
Wappinger Water District (near the intersection of County Route 28 and Cayuga Drive) to the New York
City Department of Environmental Protection Shaft 6 site (parcel 135689-6056-01-288977). Phase 2:
Installation of approximately 14,700 LF of new 8 inch water main extension and appurtenances from New
York City Department of Environmental Protection Shaft 6 site along the following roads in the hamlet of
Chelsea: Stenger Court, Skytop Drive, Lake Drive, Circle Drive, River Road, North Street Bank Street,
Uberty Street, Broadway Avenue, Market Street and Spring Street (Figure 1).
As part of the environmental review for the project a Habitat Suitability Assessment was completed for four
species as identified by the US Fish and Wildlife Service website (USFWS) checklist of
threatened/endangered species in Dutchess County. The USFWS list includes the bog turtle (G/yptemys
muh/enbergil) a New York State endangered and federally threatened species, the dwarf wedgemussel
(A/asmidonta heterodon) a New York State and federally endangered species and the Indiana bat (Myotis
soda/is) a New York State and federally endangered species as the threatened or endangered species
occurring in Dutchess County and potentially in the vicinity of the property. In addition, the USFWS lists the
New England cottontail (Sy/vilagus transitionalis) as a candidate species that occurs in Dutchess County.
Also reviewed at the request of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC)
Natural Heritage Program via correspondence dated June 27, 2012 was the bald eagle (Ha/iaeetus
leucocephalus) a New York State threatened species and shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) a
New York State and federally endangered species.
Field assessments were conducted on July 27, 30, and August 1, 2012 to determine whether suitable
habitat for these species is present along the proposed project route and surrounding 300-foot area
adjacent to the route. The three hundred (300) foot zone adjacent to the proposed project is a distance
measure typically associated with bog turtle conservation areas.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCOEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 3
Figure 1
Location Map
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Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 4
Figure 2
NYSDEC Map
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 5
2.0 HABIT AT COVER TYPES
The project area begins at the intersection of County Route 28 and Cayuga Drive just west of State Route 9
and continues west to Wheeler Hill Road where the road turns south and the water main will run through
Carnwath Park to River Road and will include (Stenger Court, Skytop Drive, Lake Drive, Circle Drive, River
Road, North Street, Bank Street, Liberty Street, Broadway Avenue, Market Street and Spring Street). This
route and surrounding 300 feet was field evaluated/surveyed between 10 am and 1 pm on July 27, 30, and
August 1, 2012. The surveys were comprehensive and included gathering natural resource data for the
entire project area. The techniques used to evaluate the project included visual assessment of habitat
cover types, visual assessment of the types of vegetation in the project area and the condition of the
vegetation, and visual assessment and delineation of wetlands/watercourses in the project area as well as
observation of hydrology and soil components. The results of the assessment indicate that there are two
(2) distinct natural cover types identified in the project area as well as developed area (area that has been
impacted by previous development activities).
TABLE 2.0-1
COVER TYPES IDENTIFIED ALONG
THE NYCDEP WATER MAIN EXTENSION PHASE 1 and PHASE 2 PROJECT
EQUIVALENT COVER TYPE NAMES
NO. ECOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS, LLC 2012 EDINGER 2002
1 Forested Wetland Red Maple Hardwood Swamp
2 Young Woods Successional Hardwoods
Cover type 1 is a wetland habitat, while cover type 2 is an upland habitat.
1. Red Maple Hardwood Swamp - In general this ecological community is associated with NYSDEC
Wetland WF-27 located adjacent to County Route 28. The wetland is a hardwood swamp that occurs in
poorly drained depressions on inorganic soils. Herbaceous species identified generally within the project
area wetlands included Symplocarpus foetidus (skunk cabbage), Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern),
Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon fern), Carex stricta (tussock sedge), and Viola sp. (violet). Shrub
species observed included Acer rubrum (red maple), and Lindera benzoin (spicebush), /lex verticil/ata
(winterberry), and Comus amomum (silky dogwood). Tree species included Acer rubrum (red maple),
Ostrya virginiana (eastern hophornbeam), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash), Ulmus americana
(American elm), Quercus bicolor, (swamp white oak), and Platanus occidentalis (American sycamore).
2. Successional Hardwoods - This upland community occurs on most of the well-drained areas
associated with the project route. The dominant trees include a mixture of red maple (Acer rubrum), white
pine (Pinus strobus) and white oak (Quercus alba). The shrub layer includes flowering dogwood (Comus
f1orida), witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), and young black cherry (Prunus serotina).
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
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3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
The species listed by the USFWS and NYSDEC were researched to determine suitable habitat for each
species to compare to the existing conditions found in the project area.
3.0-1 Indiana Bats
Indiana bat hibernacula and hibernacula characteristics have been well documented by numerous
observational studies reported in the literature. Indiana bats spend the winter months in secluded caves or
mines. There are ten hibernacula currently known in Albany, Essex, Warren, Jefferson, Onondaga and
Ulster Counties. To date there are three known hibernacula located in the immediate vicinity of Kingston,
New York. The hibernacula are critical to the survival of this species because so few are known to exist.
The USFWS and NYSDEC are continually documenting habitat utilization by this species once emergence
occurs. With the coming of spring, Indiana bats disperse from their winter homes, known as hibernacula,
with some individuals going hundreds of miles. They feed solely on flying insects and presumably males
spend the summer preparing for the breeding season and winter that follows. Females congregate in
nursery colonies, only a handful of which have ever been discovered. These were located along the banks
of streams or lakes in forested habitat, under the loose bark of mature shagbark hickory trees, and some
dead trees that have open or hanging bark to provide shelter for the bats, and which can contain from 50-
100 females. A single young is born to each female, probably late in June, and is capable of flight within a
month.
Outside the hibernation period, Indiana bats are very mobile and use trees greater than 5 inches dbh
especially containing dead wood and snags for roosts during the summer months. Although roosts have
been documented in a wide array of hardwood and pine species, trees and snags that have exfoliating bark
or crevices, such as shagbark hickory and black locust, appear to be most important to this species
because females and their young rest under the bark. Trees, equal to or greater than 9 inches dbh with
exfoliating bark/crevices, southern or western exposure, and solar exposure appear to be the most
important habitat for maternal colonies during the summer months.
In August or early September, Indiana bats swarm at the entrance of selected caves or mines. This is when
mating takes place. Indiana bats spend the winter months in caves or mines that average 37 to 43 degrees
F. Criteria for selecting hibernacula are not clearly understood; many apparently suitable sites are not
occupied. Where this species is found, however, it can be extremely abundant, congregating in densities of
more than 300/square foot. Year after year, bats often return to exactly the same spots within individual
caves or mines. Hibernation can begin as early as September and extend nearly to June.
According to the literature roost-tree density necessary to support Indiana bats is currently not well
understood and negative or positive biological thresholds linked to roost abundance are unknown.
Similarly, there are no quantitative studies that adequately describe species composition of forest stands or
stand structure surrounding occupied roosts. There is evidence however that Indiana bats return to the
same summer foraging and roosting areas and sometime individual tree each year.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
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3.0.2 Dwarf Wedgemussel
The dwarf wedge mussel is a small freshwater mussel that rarely exceeds 1.5 inches (38 mm) in length. It
is brown or yellowish-brown in color. Adult mussels are filter-feeders, feeding on algae and other small
suspended particles. They spend most of their time buried almost completely in the bottom of streams and
rivers. Typical habitat for this mussel includes running waters of all sizes, from small brooks to large rivers.
Bottom substrates include silt, sand and gravel, which may be distributed in relatively small patches behind
larger cobbles and boulders. The river velocity is usually slow to moderate. Dwarf wedge mussels appear
to select or are at least tolerant of relatively low levels of calcium in the water.
3.0.3 Bog Turtles
According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in the 2001 Bog Turtle (C/emmys muhlenbergil), Northern
Population Recovery Plan. Hadley, Massachusetts. 103 pp. last revised on April 13, 2006 bog turtle habitat
is recognized by three criteria:
1. Suitable hydrology. Bog turtle wetlands are typically spring-fed with shallow surface water or saturated
soils present year-round, although in summer the wet area(s) may be restricted to near spring head(s).
Typically these wetlands are interspersed with dry and wet pockets. There is often subsurface flow. In
addition, shallow rivulets (less than 4 inches deep) or pseudo-rivulets are often present.
2. Suitable soils. Usually a bottom substrate of permanently saturated organic or mineral soils. These are
often soft, mucky-like soils (this does not refer to a technical soil type); you will usually sink to your ankles
(3-5 inches) or deeper in muck, although in degraded wetlands or summers of dry years this may be limited
to areas near spring heads or drainage ditches. In some portions of the species' range, the soft substrate
consists of scattered pockets of peat instead of muck.
3. Suitable vegetation. Dominant vegetation of low grasses and sedges (in emergent wetlands), often with
a scrub-shrub wetland component. Common emergent vegetation includes, but is not limited to: tussock
sedge (Carex stricta), soft rush (Juncus effusus), rice cut grass (Leersia oryzoides), sensitive fern (Onoclea
sensibilis), tearthumbs (Polygonum spp.), jewelweeds (Impatiens spp.), arrowheads (Saggitaria spp.),
skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus), panic grasses (Panicum spp.), other sedges (Carex spp.), spike
rushes (Eleocharis spp.), grass-of-Parnassus (Parnassia glauca), shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa),
sweet-flag (Acorus calamus), and in disturbed property, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) or purple
loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). Common scrub-shrub species include alder (Alnus spp.), red maple (Acer
rubrum), willow (Salix spp.), tamarack (Larix laricina), and in disturbed property, multiflora rose (Rosa
multiflora). Some forested wetland habitats are suitable given hydrology, soils and/or historic land use.
These forested wetlands include red maple, tamarack, and cedar swamps.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NyeDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 8
3.0.4 New England Cottontail
The New England cottontail retains its brown color during winter, making it easy prey to coyotes and owls
when it cannot find adequate habitat cover. I is an early-successional species, preferring dense shrubby
areas and thickets. The ideal habitat is 25 acres of continuous early successional habitat within a larger
landscape that provides shrub wetlands and dense thickets.
3.0.5 Bald Eagle
The bald eagle is a long-lived bird, with a life span in the wild of more than 30 years. Bald eagles mate for
life, returning to nest in the general area (within 250 miles) from which they fledged. Once a pair selects a
nesting territory, they use it for the rest of their lives. A bald eagle nest is a large structure, usually located
high in a tall, live white pine tree near water. The nest is reused and added to (decorated) each year, often
becoming eight or more feet deep, six feet across, and weighing hundreds of pounds. Eagles prefer
undisturbed areas near large lakes and reservoirs, marshes and swamps, or stretches along rivers where
they can find open water and their primary food, fish. There is one known eagle nest in the vicinity of the
project area. Lisa Masi of the NYSDEC was consulted to determine if the proposed project will impact the
existing nest. The location of the nest was not divulged by the NYSDEC and mitigation measures
discussed are described in Section 4.0.
3.0.6 Shortnose Sturgeon
The shortnose sturgeon's life history is complex. Much of its spawning behavior and early life stages are
still not fully understood. The shortnose sturgeon is anadramous, migrating from salt water to spawn in
freshwater. In the Hudson River, it spawns from April-May. Adult sturgeons migrate upriver from their mid-
Hudson over wintering areas to freshwater spawning propertys north of Coxsackie.
Unlike most fish species, spawning is not a yearly event for most shortnose sturgeon. Males spawn every
other year and females every third year. Females lay between 40,000-200,000 eggs that hatch in
approximately 13 days. Newly hatched fry are poor swimmers and drift with the currents along the bottom.
As they grow and mature, the fish move downriver into the most brackish parts of the lower Hudson.
Shortnose sturgeons are long-lived. The oldest known female reached 67 years of age and the oldest
known male was 32. Bottom feeders, shortnose sturgeons eat a variety of organisms. Using their barbells
to locate food and their extendable mouths to then vacuum it up, they eat sludge worms, aquatic insect
larvae, plants, snails, shrimp, and crayfish.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 9
4.0 HABITAT SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT
4.0.1 Indiana Bats
The project area is situated in densely developed residential areas with numerous paved driveways,
telephone poles with utility lines, and yard areas associated with the project route. For Indiana bats the
tree canopy layer is the important habitat component. Along the project route and surrounding 300 foot
area there are several trees that meet the minimum criteria to be considered potential roosting or maternal
colony trees but none of these appear to be situated in the direct impact area of the proposed project. The
criteria include larger trees a minimum of 9 inches dbh containing loose or exfoliating bark, deadwood,
holes or crevices especially extending through the canopy or receiving direct sunlight. .
The project area is somewhat densely developed with several trees interspersed along the water main
route that meet the criteria above but do not appear to be located in the limits of the project area. The
project route is already paved and proposed activities will occur generally in the paved area although some
easements will be obtained on private property where trees do exist. There is no potential significant
impact to known of potential roost of maternal colony trees in the project area and no impact to foraging
habitat since the project is generally in the road. No mitigation is proposed since impacts are not expected
to this species of habitat. No hibernacula are noted in the project area.
4.0.2 Dwarf Wedge mussel
The project area is mainly road right of way and some street tree areas with several watercourses
contained within the project area. No watercourse in the vicinity of the project area is a known habitat for
dwarf wedgemussel and no watercourses will be impacted by the proposed project. .
4.0.3 Bog Turtles
The Bog Turtle habitat suitability assessment followed the protocols outlined by the Fish and Wildlife
Service (2001)1 last revised on April 13, 2006. The project area contains two natural habitat types that can
broadly be categorized as successional forest and tributary (see Section 5.0 Photographs).
The wetlands in the project area were surveyed and the wetland communities were assessed for the
presence of habitat characteristics consistent with the bog turtle federal recovery plan (U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 2001): 1) soft, saturated organic and/or mineral soil; 2) hydrologic regime derived from
perennial groundwater discharge; 3) plant community represented by a predominance of low-growing,
native flora including sedges, rushes, grasses, forbs, mosses, and sometimes low shrubs; 4) tree canopy
cover less than 50% allowing adequate sunlight to reach the ground, and 5) fen indicator plants (calcicoles)
including, shrubby cinquefoil (Pentaphylloides f1oribunda), grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia glauca), and
tamarack (Larix larcina). The wetlands in the project area are well flooded, forested wetland with generally
1 US Fish and Wildlife Semice 2001 Bog Turtle (Cle/llmys /llllhlenbergii) Northem Population, Recovery Plan. Hadley, Massacllusetts
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 10
hard mineral soil and some muck but without consistent groundwater hydrology evident. No bog turtle
habitat was observed in the project area of surrounding 300 feet on either side of the project route.
4.0-4 New England Cottontail
The New England cottontail requires thick dense shrubby habitat to successfully occur in an area. The
project area is mainly well maintained right of way or private property/suburban landscaped areas. There is
no potential habitat for the New England cottontail along the linear project route.
4.0-5 Bald Eagles
The proposed water main limits are confined to residentially developed areas generally in road rights of
way. However there is a known nest site in close proximity to the River Road section of the project area.
In accordance with the NYSDEC Bald Eagle Review Process the potential for adverse impacts may exist.
Blasting and other activities that produce extremely loud noises within 1/2 mile of active nests during the
breeding season should be prohibited. According to the National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines
blasting may only occur from September 1 to December 1.
NORTHERN U.S. (ME, NH, MA, RI, CT, NY, northern 2 of NJ, western 2 of PA, OH, WV exc, panhandle, IN, IL,
MI, WI. MN, lA, MO, NO. SO. NB. KS, CO. UT)
4.0-6 Shortnose Sturgeon
In New York State, the shortnose sturgeon is only found in the lower portion of the Hudson River from the
southern tip of Manhattan (river mile 0) upriver to the Federal dam at Troy (river mile 152). The project
area is not considered to posses important spawning or over wintering area since all proposed activities are
inland (east of the Hudson River) and is buffered from the Hudson River and potential habitat by existing
roads and properties. No impacts will occur to the Hudson River, submerged vegetation, tidal wetlands, or
this species from the proposed water main.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 11
5.0 WETLANDS
WetlandslWaters of the U.S. - There are several federal Section 404 wetlands and Town wetlands and
watercourses in the project area. One of these wetlands is also regulated by the NYSDEC - WF-27.
The proposed project does not require authorization from US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) since the
proposed project requires no Section 404 discharge. The activities (Installation of waterline and hydrants)
are authorized by Nationwide Permit #12 for the installation of the utility line. The placement of the Utility
Line in the project area is authorized by NWP #12 - Utility Line Activities and does not require any further
"Notification" to the USACE and can occur at any time as long as the conditions of the permit are met. The
language and conditions of NWP #12 are as follows:
12. Utility Line Activities - Activities required for the construction, maintenance, repair, and removal of
utility lines and associated facilities in waters of the United States, provided the activity does not result in
the loss of greater than 1/2 acre of waters of the United States. Utility lines: This NWP authorizes the
construction, maintenance, or repair of utility lines, including outfall and intake structures, and the
associated excavation, backfill, or bedding for the utility lines, in all waters of the United States, provided
there is no change in pre-construction contours. A "utility line" is defined as any pipe or pipeline for the
transportation of any gaseous, liquid, liquescent, or slurry substance, for any purpose, and any cable, line,
or wire for the transmission for any purpose of electrical energy, telephone, and telegraph messages, and
radio and television communication. The term "utility line" does not include activities that drain a water of
the United States, such as drainage tile or french drains, but it does apply to pipes conveying drainage from
another area. Material resulting from trench excavation may be temporarily side cast into waters of the
United States for no more than three months, provided the material is not placed in such a manner that it is
dispersed by currents or other forces. The district engineer may extend the period of temporary side casting
for no more than a total of 180 days, where appropriate. In wetlands, the top 6 to 12 inches of the trench
should normally be backfilled with topsoil from the trench. The trench cannot be constructed or backfilled in
such a manner as to drain waters of the United States (e.g., backfilling with extensive gravel layers,
creating a french drain effect). Any exposed slopes and stream banks must be stabilized immediately upon
completion of the utility line crossing of each waterbody. This NWP also authorizes temporary structures,
fills, and work necessary to conduct the utility line activity. Appropriate measures must be taken to maintain
normal downstream flows and minimize flooding to the maximum extent practicable, when temporary
structures, work, and discharges, including cofferdams, are necessary for construction activities, access
fills, or dewatering of construction sites. Temporary fills must consist of materials, and be placed in a
manner, that will not be eroded by expected high flows. Temporary fills must be removed in their entirety
and the affected areas returned to pre-construction elevations. The areas affected by temporary fills must
be revegetated, as appropriate.
Notification: The permittee must submit a pre-construction notification to the district engineer prior to commencing the activity if
any of the following criteria are met:
(1) The activity involves mechanized land clearing in a forested wetland for the utility line right-of-way; (2) a section 10
permit is required; (3) the utility line in waters of the United States, excluding overhead lines, exceeds 500 feet; (4) the
utility line is placed within a jurisdictional area (i.e., water of the United States), and it runs parallel to a stream bed that
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 12
is within that jurisdictional area; (5) discharges that result in the loss of greater than VI O-acre of waters of the United
States; (6) permanent access roads are constructed above grade in waters of the United States for a distance of more
than 500 feet; or (7) permanent access roads are constructed in waters of the United States with impervious materials.
Ecological Solutions, LLC has determined that Notification and further written authorization is not required
by the USACE since the proposed water main project is in compliance with all of the criteria above. The
proposed project will require an Article 24 Freshwater Wetland permit from the NYSDEC and possibly and
Article 15 Protection of Waters Permit from the NYSDEC. In addition the Town of Wappinger has
jurisdiction over wetlands in the Town which contain a 100 foot regulated buffer. Approval from the
Planning Board may be required.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 13
6.0 PHOTOGRAPHS
Following are photographs taken in the proposed project area.
Water Main path through Carnwath Park.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 14
View looking north along Wheeler Hill Road.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 15
View toward Stenger Court along Wheeler Hill Road.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 16
View along Lake Drive.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 17
View down River Road.
Wetland and Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Suitability Assessment
NYCDEP Water Main Extension Phase 1 and Phase 2 Project - Town of Wappinger, NY
Page 18
View along River Road.
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FILE No.
6/13/12
LEGEND
PHASE 1
12" WATER MAIN
- - - - - - - PHASE 1 ALTERNATE ROUTE
12' WATER MAIN
n__________u PHASE 2
B' WATER MAIN
---@ = PHOTOGRAPH LOCATION/DIRECTION
REV, No.
DESCRIPTION
BY
UNITED WAPPINGER WATER DISTRICT
WATER MAIN EXTENSION TO NYCDEP
TOWN OF WAPPINGER
DUTCHESS COUNTY, NY
AREA MAP
DWG AOW
NYCDEP Waterline Extension
Phase lA Literature Review and Sensitivity Analysis &
Phase 1 B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey
River Road North, Wheeler Hill Road,
County Route 28 & US Route 9
Town of Wappinger, Dutchess County New York
Prepared for:
Morris Associates
9 Elk lane
Hyde Park NY 12538
By:
CITY I SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
166 Hillair Circle
White Plains NY 10605
September 2012
NYCDEP WATERLINE EXTENSION
River Road North, Wheeler Hill Road, County Route 28 & US Route 9
Town of Wappinger, Dutchess County, New York
T ABLE OF CONTENTS
Management Summary
Map List
Phase lA Literature Review and Sensitivity Analysis
Introducti on.......................................................................................................... 1
Project Area Description.. ........... ....... .......... ........... ... ........... ....... ......... ..... .......... 2
Environmental Information. ............ ...... ....... ...... ........ .... ........ ........ ...... ..... ....... .... 3
Man Made Features and Alterations ....................................................................5
Potential for the site to contain Prehistoric or Historic Cultural Resources......... 5
Prehistoric Archaeological Sensitivity ......... ........................................................ 5
Historic Archaeological Sensitivity .....................................................................5
National Register Listed and National Register Eligible Site .............................. 7
History of the Site ................................................................................................ 8
Additional Research Undertaken ....................................................................... 17
Sensitivity Assessment and Site Prediction ....................................................... 18
Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................. 18
Phase IB Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey
Phase IB Introduction........................................................................................ 19
Phase lA Information .......................................................... ......................... ..... 19
Methodology.................. ............ ....... .............................. .................... .......... ..... 19
Field Methodology........ ..... .............. ....... .... ................. ................... ...... ....... ...... 20
Field Results .. ............. ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ............. ....... ...... ....... ........ 20
Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................21
Bibliography..... .... ... ............. ........ ............ ...... ..... .............. .......... ...... .............. .... 2
APPENDICES:
Appendix A: Photographs
Appendix B: Soil Description and Map
Appendix C: Shovel Test Records
NYCDEPlallb
CITY /SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
Management Summary
SHPO Project Review Number (if available):
Involved State and Federal Agencies (DEC, CORPS, FHW A, etc): NYSDEP
Phase of Survey: Phase 1A Literature Review & Sensitivity Analysis & Phase 1B Archaeological Field
Reconnaissance Survey
Location Information:
Location: River Road North, Wheeler Hill Road, County Route 28 & US Route 9
Minor Civil Division: Town of Wappinger
County: Dutchess
Survey Area (Metric & English)
Length: :1:20,000'
Width:
Depth (when appropriate):
Number of Acres Surveyed: -
Number of Square Meters & Feet Excavated (Phase II, Phase III only): N/A
Percentage of the Site Excavated (Phase II, Phase III only):
USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Map: Poughkeepsie
Archaeological Survey Overview
Number & Interval of Shovel Tests: 64 @ 50' interval
Number & Size of Units: N/A
Width of Plowed Strips: N/A
Surface Survey Transect Interval: N/A
Results of Archaeological Survey
Number & name of prehistoric sites identified: 0
Number & name of historic sites identified: 0
Number & name of sites recommended for Phase II1Avoidance: N/A
Results of Architectural Survey
Number of buildings/structures/cemeteries within project area: 0
Number of buildings/structures/cemeteries adjacent to project area:
Number of previously determined NR listed or eligible buildings/structures/cemeteries/districts: 1;
Wheeler Hill Historic District
Number of identified eligible buildings/structures/cemeteries/districts: N/ A
Report Author (s): Stephanie Roberg-Lopez M.A., R.P.A. Gail T. Guillet and Beth Selig
Date of Report: September 2012
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Maps
Map 1:
Map 2:
Map 3:
Map 4:
Map 5:
Map 6:
Map 7:
Map 8:
Figures
Fig 1:
Fig. 2:
Fig 3:
MAP& FIGURE LIST
Location Map. USGS Topographical Map. 7.5 Minute Series. Wappinger Quad.
1 "=2670'. Red line indicates preferred route. Yellow line shows altemate route.
Map showing the location of the project. (Source: Hagstrom's Dutchess County Atlas
2005). Scale: 1 "=3300'. Red line indicates preferred route. Yellow line shows alternate
route.
1829 Burr Atlas of the State of New York Red line indicates preferred route. Yellow line
shows altemate route. Scale: unknown
1850 J.e. Sidney Map of Dutchess County, New York Yellow Red line indicates
preferred route. Yellow line shows alternate route.. Scale: 1"= 2800'.
1858 I.E. Gillette Map of Dutchess County, New York. Red line indicates preferred
route. Yellow line shows altemate route.. Scale: 1"= 2250'.
1891 F.W. Beers; Atlas of the Hudson River Valley from New York City to Troy.
Red line indicates preferred route. Yellow line shows altemate route.. Scale: 1"= 2430'.
1903 USGS Topographical Map. 15 Minute Series. Poughkeepsie Quadrangle. Red line
indicates preferred route. Yellow line shows alternate route..Scale: 1"= 2430'.
1943 USGS Topographical Map. 7.5 Minute series. Poughkeepsie Quadrangle. Red line
indicates preferred route. Yellow line shows alternate route.. Scale: 1 "=2250'.
Aerial photo of the NYCDEP Waterline Extension I (Source: The Google Earth). Yellow
line depicts alternate project route. Scale: 1 "=2250'.
Soil Map for the Expande NYCDEP Waterline Extension (Source: Natural Resources
Conservation Service Web Soil Survey). Scale on Map
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. Field Reconnaissance Testing. Scale 1 "=300'.
NYCDEP WATERLINE EXTENSION
River Road North, Carnwath Farms, Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County, New York.
Introduction
In July of 2012, CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants was retained by Morris Associates to
prepare a Phase lA Literature Review and Sensitivity Analysis for the Expanded NYCDEP Waterline Extension
from the United Water District in the Town of Wappinger, Dutchess County, New York. (Maps 1 & 2 and Fig. 1)
The proposed water line is a linear corridor extending :1:20,000' from the New York City Delaware Water Supply
Building on River Road North, north and northeast through Carnwath Farms, to Wheeler Hill Road, east on County
Route 28 to US Route 9; alternatively, since Carnwath Park is a conservation area, it was proposed that the route
might follow Wheeler Hill Road, along Old State Road, connecting to River Road.
Carnwath Fanns is a 99.5 acre parcel ofland acquired by the Town of Wappinger in 2000. Under the
purview of a grant from Dutchess County, the land within the park has been protected through a conservation
easement. The length of the pipeline, which is 12" in diameter, will be 3300'; the pipeline will be buried and will
have no visual impact to the Carnwath Fanns conservation easement.
Penn its are required for the project from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
(DEe), and perhaps other agencies. The need for State pennits necessitates a review of and sign offby the New
York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP).
The Phase lA Literature Review and Sensitivity Analysis was perfonned in accordance with the guidelines
established by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) and the
Standards for Cultural Resource Investigations and the Curation of Archeological Collections published by the New
York Archeological Council (2005 & 1994). The field investigation and technical report meet the specifications of
the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation (Federal Register
48:190:44716-44742) (United States Department of the Interior 1983). All work perfonned meets the requirements
of the relevant federal standards (36 CFR 61) and of the State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA)
6NYCRR, part 617 of the New York State Environmental Conservation Law. In addition, the qualifications of the
Principal Investigator, who supervised the project, meets or exceeds the qualifications described in the Secretary of
the Interior's Professional Qualifications Standards (Federal Register 48: 190:44738-44739) (United States
Department of the Interior 1983).
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Phase I A Literature Review & Sensitivity Analvsis and Phase I B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survev
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County. New York
2
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Map 1: Location Map. USGS Topographical Map. 7.5 Minute Series. Wappinger Quad. 1"=2670'. Red line
indicates preferred route. Yellow line shows altemate route.
Project Area Description
The NYCDEP Waterline Extension corridor (hereafter referred to as the "project corridor") will contain a
total of ::1:20,000' linear feet (10,457 m). As noted above, the proposed water line extends north from the New York
City Delaware Water Supply Building on River Road North, through Carnwath Farms to Wheeler Hill road, where
the waterline turns east along County Route 28 to US Route 9. Carnwath Farms and portions of the proposed route
fall within the Wheeler Hill Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
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Phase 1 A Literature Review & Sensitivity Analvsis and Phase 1 B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms, Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County. New York
3
Map 2: Map showing the location of the project. Source: nMAPCO Hudson Valley Street Atlas 2002, Plate 73.
Scale: 1 "=3300'. Red line indicates preferred route. Yellow line shows alternate project route.
Environmental Information
In terms of geology, the project area is located within the Hudson Lowlands area, which extends eastward
three to six miles (4.828-9.656 km) from the Hudson River. The bedrock of the Hudson Lowlands is primarily
composed of easily eroded sedimentary rock, such as siltstone, shale, and greywacke that was laid down in the
Cambrian and Ordovician periods (USDA 2002:12). More specifically, the project area falls within the Austin-Glen
Formation, which is composed of greywacke and shale. The walkover of the site identified no rock outcrops or
overhangs within the APE that could have been used as rockshelters, and no cryptocrystalline material that could
have been used for prehistoric lithics.
The soils within the project area corridor are an important indicator of archaeological potential, with well-
drained soils increasing sensitivity and poorly or very poorly drained soils decreasing it. The soils within the project
area corridor are primarily well drained soils, with poorly drained and urban soils located at the start of the proposed
waterline along River Road North and at the intersection of Route 9 and County Route 28. The soil complexes
within the project area were formed as sandy glaciofluvial deposits or deltaic deposits associated with Lake Albany,
which is thought to have drained about 10,500 years ago. Without exception, the soils within the project area,
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Phase I A Literature Review & Sensitivity Analvsis and Phase I B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survev
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County. New York
4
combined with the high elevations of Wheeler Hill Road, would be conducive to use by prehistoric peoples. The
soil map, soil complexes and the characteristics of each are fully described in Appendix B.
Fig. 1: Aerial Photo ofNYCDEP Waterline Extension. (Source: Google Earth) Red line indicates preferred route.
Yellow line shows alternate route. Scale: 1 "=2250'.
The Wappinger Creek and the Hudson River, both well-documented locations of prehistoric activity, are
located to the northwest and west of the project area. Both the Hudson River and large streams, such as Wappinger
Creek, were magnets for prehistoric peoples, providing them with floral and faunal resources.
The project area is located in the Appalachian Oak zone, which is found throughout southern New England,
southern New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. The Appalachian Oak zone is characterized by tall, broad-leaved
deciduous trees, dominated by white oak and northern red oak (Kuchler 1964).
The faunal population of the larger ecological zone in which the project area is located would have been
particularly rich, with reports of deer, squirrels, chipmunks, raccoons and many bird species, including wild turkey.
The faunal population, plus the riverine resources of Wappinger Creek and the Hudson River, would have been an
important resource for prehistoric populations visiting the area. It may be that the land was used regularly by the
prehistoric peoples living in one of several nearby villages sites (to be discussed below), or it may have been the
location of special use camps or hunting camps that were an integral part of the seasonal rounds in which prehistoric
peoples engaged in the Archaic period.
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NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County. New York
5
Man-Made Features and Alterations
Looking at the general setting of the project area, residential properties dating from the late 18th century to
the 20th century border Wheeler Hill Road, River Road North and Old State Road. Portions of County Route 28,
New Hamburg Road and Old Hopewell Road have mid 20th century residential properties, mixed with commercial
sites. US Route 9 is bordered primarily by commercial properties. These properties feature a variety of
improvements, primarily structural, but also landscape and safety features, such as stone wall and guard rails.
Potential for the Site to Contain Prehistoric or Historic Cultural Resources
CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants completed an assessment of the archaeological potential on
the project area based on numerous other projects that CITY/SCAPE has completed in Dutchess County and in the
Town of Wappinger. In addition, we have consulted materials prepared for the Riverview Site in Bowdoin Park,
which is being excavated by students of SUNY Dutchess under the supervision of Stephanie Roberg-Lopez, M.A.,
RP A, professor of archaeology and anthropology at SUNY Dutchess at and Principal Investigator of CITY/SCAPE.
CITY/SCAPE Cultural Resource Consultants has completed several projects in the Town of Wappinger; these were
reviewed to provide the basis for the prehistoric assessment. The historic assessment was completed through the
examination of a series of historic maps available at the New York State Museum in Albany, the New York Public
Library, and the David Rumsey Map Collection, a digital resource.
Prehistoric Archaeological Sensitivity
There are a minimum often prehistoric sites identified within a one mile (1.6 km) radius of the project area.
Several of these are anecdotal, having been reported by A. e. Parker in the 1920s, but several have been
professionally excavated. The first of these is a rockshelter (A02714.000070) dating to c. 5500 BP that is located
north of the project area in the Town of Poughkeepsie. The rockshelter, which contains two areas of occupation,
yielded Dry Brook Fishtail projectile points, which date to the Transitional period, c. 1250 Be. There was also
Vinette I pottery present, which dates to the Early Woodland period in the Hudson Valley. In addition to the Early
Woodland pottery, Robert Funk, who published a report on the rockshelter, identified unnamed Middle and Late
Woodland pottery, but, according to Funk, no diagnostic projectile points associated with the any of the Woodland
periods were recovered from the site (Funk 1989).
Located on a terrace overlooking the Hudson River to the west of the rock shelter is a site identified as the
Tamarack Site (OPRHP A027-14.000332) (Vargo 1986). The Tamarack Site is associated with a spring and a small
stream that flows into the Hudson south of the site. The Tamarack Site yielded Orient Fishtail projectile points,
which would appear to date the site to the Transitional period. However, as reported by Funk, a "large quantity" of
Early Woodland Vinette I pottery was also recovered. In addition to the Orient Fishtail, a Lagoon point and three
Rossville points were recovered. Both are considered diagnostic of the Bushkill complex in the Delaware Valley.
The Lagoon and Rossville points, Vinette I and net-marked sherds, burned mammal bone, sturgeon scutes, and
mussels shells were in association with one of the features (Feature 17 A -- a basin-shaped hearth) that was 14C dated
to 1850+/-170 BP (c.100 AD). Two Greene projectile points and "a few sherds" of net-marked pottery indicate an
occupation during the Fox Creek phase of the Middle Woodland, while the dentate-stamped and Point Peninsula
Plain are less time sensitive. A Jack's Reef Pentagonal was recovered at the site, along with "a few" Levanna
arrowpoints. A second radiocarbon date of 1245+/-235 BP (c. 750 AD), on Feature 18, pertains to this period. The
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NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Camwath Fanns, Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County, New York
6
Late Woodland/Contact period is represented by a possible Munsee collared and incised vessel. Based on the
materials recovered, the Tamarack Site was repeatedly visited for over a thousand years.
The third professionally excavated site located to the north in the Town of Poughkeepsie is the Riverview
Site (OPRHP A027-14-000351) (Roberg-Lopez 1998). The site is located on a ridge immediately south of the
Tamarack Site, and less than a If. ofa mile south of the rockshelter site noted above. As stated above, the Riverview
site is being excavated by Stephanie Roberg-Lopez, Principal Investigator ofCITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource
Consultants, who uses it as a field school for archaeology students attending SUNY Dutchess. To date a number of
Rossville points have been recovered, along with a few sherds of pottery. While the pottery has not been thoroughly
analyzed, the tentative identification is that one sherd is "slightly post- Vinette I . . . likely early Middle Woodland"
(Robert Funk, personal communication, 2000). A second sherd, apparently rocker-stamped, was tentatively
identified as Point Peninsula, dating to c.50 AD, the Middle Woodland period (Robert Funk, personal
communication, 2000).
Additional reported sites include an Indian community (A02714.000071) that has been dated to the Middle
to Late Archaic, with a possible Contact component, and a probable Late Archaic surface scatter identified by Dave
Beck (A02714.000351). Both sites are located to the northwest of the proposed project corridor, the first site
:1:3,000' (914 m) away, and the second :1:4,400' (1,341 m). Arthur C. Parker, State Archaeologist in the early 20th
century, reported several sites in the area, including a burial site (A02719.000020/NYSM 3134) located :1:3,200'
(976 m) northeast of the project area. He also reported a village site (A02714.000078) and a quarry site
(A02714.000072/NYSM 3156) located between 4,100 and 4,500' (1,250 m to 1,372 m) west ofthe project area, as
well as a Precontact village site (NYSM 3153) and Precontact "traces of occupation" (NYSM 6880).
Based on the professionally excavated sites alone, it is clear that the area around project area was heavily
utilized by prehistoric peoples over a long time period. Village sites, a quarry site, a burial site, two rockshelters,
and a number of smaller sites are located along the alluvial bench above the Hudson River in topography and
ecological zones similar to those found within the project corridor. The presence of numerous sites in similar
topography and ecological zones suggests that the project area has a high potential to contain prehistoric cultural
material.
Historic Archaeological Sensitivity
Site files do not indicate any reported historic archaeological sites located within the project corridor.
There are, however, several historic sites reported in the vicinity, including:
1. a stone platform and brick pier ruins dated to the early 20th century (A02714.000113);
2. the Dutchess County Print Works(l9th and 20th century) (A02714.000363);
3. and, the Hunter's Creek Foundation (A02719.000027) and Hunter's Creek Mill Site
(A02719.000026).
None of these historic archaeological sites will be impacted by the proposed project.
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NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
7
National Register Listed and National Register Eligible Sites Located in Area
Research indicates that portions of the proposed project corridor are within the Wheeler Hill Historic
District. As previously mentioned, the proposed corridor follows Wheeler Hill Road, through Carnwath Farms
which is the southern extent of the Wheeler Hill Historic District.
The nomination form for the Wheeler Hill Historic District lays out the historical rationale for the
designation, referring specifically to the "picturesque, winding country roads delineated by dry-laid stone walls and
mature trees. . .and [the] agricultural acreage" (National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, hereafter
referred to as NRNF 1991 :3). The district includes six contiguous estates: Obercreek, Elmhurst, Edge Hill, the
Henry Suydam House, the William B. Crosby House, Carnwath Farms, the Stone House at Farmer's Landing, on the
edge of the Hudson River, and the Lent & Waldron Store in New Hamburg. The majority of the properties are set
on the first bench above the Hudson River, and while some may have views of the Hudson River, all would have
views of the sunsets behind the mountains west of the river. Important to the designation was the fact that the six
estates and the grounds around them are largely intact. The main buildings within the district are described as
secluded, being set well back from the road and protected by mature plantings. The boundaries, as defined on the
National Register Nomination Form, were drawn to include "all of the parcels which were historically associated
with the nominated properties during the circa 1740 to 1940 period of significance" (NRNF 1991 :3). The
southemmost of the six estates in the Wheeler Hill historic district is Camwath Farms, which dates to the mid_19th
century, but which underwent significant alteration in the 1870's and in the late 1920s. Because the landscape
design is a contributing feature to the historic nomination, the description of Carnwath Farms is included below:
The main residence at Carnwath Farms is a three story,flat roofed brick housed, designed in the
Italian Villa style. A semi-circular, two story wing and a three story addition were added to the
east side of the house in the 1870s, both designed to complement the buildings Italian Villa Style.
The original asymmetrical floor plan remains intact, but most of the elaborate finish work in the
principal rooms dates from the 1870 period of enlargement.
The grounds ofCarnwath Farms retain the remnants of a romantic style designed landscape, and
complex of ninetieth century support buildings. Designed landscape features include stone gate
pillars and a long winding entrance road which passes through a park-like setting. On either side
of the entrance drive are randomly planted specimen trees and small clumps of trees placed in the
open lawn areas. The designed landscape in this portion of the original estate retains a high
degree of integrity, however later construction around the main house has erased most of the
landscapefeatures in that area. Open agricultural lands are still associated with the barn and
carriage housefurther south (NRNF 1991).
Contributin!! Buildin!!s
Second Empire Carriage house (c. 1873)
Pump House (1870)
Second Empire Cow Barn (c. 1876)
Convent (c. 1827)
Contributin!! Sites
Carnwath Farms Landscape (c. 1870)
Greenhouse site (c. 1900)
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NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
8
History of the Site
The material presented below outlines the historic development of the proposed project corridor. It is not
intended to be an exhaustive examination of the site's history, but is, rather, an exercise to locate and identify
structures either on or adjacent to the project corridor that may be of historic significance. For this purpose of this
study, a group of historic maps available at the New York State Library, as well as materials available on-line have
provided the basis for the discussion.
The earliest maps examined for this report date to the late 18th century, the first being Claude Sauthier's
1779 Map of the Province of New York. Due to the lack of specifics on the 1779 map, it is not included among the
maps in this report, but some of the details seen on it are included for purposes of discussion. The map indicates
that the project area is located within the Rombout Patent, granted to Francois Rombout and others in 1685. The
Schuylers Patent, granted in 1688, is located on the north side of Wappinger Creek, which is identified on the map
as "Great Wappinger Creek." We know from other sources that the mouth of Wappinger Creek was settled early,
and that by the ". . . 1740s New Hamburg Road was constructed from Sprout Creek to the Hudson to bring flour and
produce down to the river from the. . . settlements of New Hackensack, Hopewell, Sprout Creek and Swartoutville
(NRNF 1991, Section 8:4). Although it was called Drake's Store on Livingston's 1798 map, it was the Verplanck
family that in the 1740s built a dock and a house for the wharf agent at the mouth of Wappinger Creek. The dock
area was then called Farmer's Landing (NRNF 1991, Section 8:4). According to the National Register Nomination
Form, "[t]he dock operations continued to grow during the eighteenth century and at one point included two
storehouses, two dwellings and a dry goods store (Lent & Waldron Store, c. 1750). . ." (NRNF 1991, Section 8:4).
While the 1779 map does not provide any indication that there were dwellings located along the New Hamburg
Road, it is unlikely that the excellent farmland at the top of the bluff was not being utilized in the 18th century. In
addition to the patents and streams, the map shows the location of industry, including Stringhams Iron Works, and
the Verplanck and Bull Mills, both of which were located to the south on Fishkill Creek. The Albany Post Road is
shown on the map, but the alignment of the road has changed, and portions of the Albany Post Road shown on the
1779 map would now correspond to Route 9D. As noted above, no individual structures or owners' names are
shown on this map, but the general location of the project area can be identified by the steep topography of Wheeler
Hill overlooking Wappinger Creek and the Hudson River.
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Map 4: 1829 Burr Atlas of the State of Nevil York. Red line indicates preferred route. Yellow line shows
altemate route. Scale: unknown.
David H. Burr's 1829 Atlas of the State of New York does not include dwellings or the names of individual
property owners, but it does show roads, streams and other bodies of water, villages and hamlets, and industry of
various kinds. (Map 4) The New Hamburg Road is shown on this map, as is Hughsonville, through here it is
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Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
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identified as "Hugsonville." There was a bridge across Wappinger Creek to provide access to Hamburgh (now New
Hamburg), which had been settled sometime after 1798. Hamburgh was sufficiently large that it had a post office.
A short distance up Wappinger Creek on the north side of the stream was a manufactory located opposite the point
where an unnamed stream flowed into the creek. This manufactory would be on the north side of the stream in the
vicinity of Marlorville. The nature of the manufactory is not indicated, but it has been suggested that a forge was
once located in this area. Upstream were two more manufactories at the location of Wappinger Falls, which was not
sufficiently large to be identified as a hamlet or a village. The map indicates that manufacturing continued to be
established along Wappinger Creek and that, although no dwellings are shown on this map, settlement must have
been taking place.
Map 5: 18501. C. Sidney Map of Dutchess County, New York. Red line indicates preferred route. Yellow
line indicates alternate route. Scale: 1"= 3120'.
It is not until 1850 that the first map showing the location of structures and the names of property owners
was published. J. C. Sydney's 1850 Map of Dutchess County, New York shows portions of the present day Town of
Wappinger, the villages of Hughsonville and Wappinger Falls, and the location of the hamlet of New Hamburg.
Map 5) By 1850, the railroad had been built along the Hudson Riyer's edge, and while the railroad did not
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Town ofWaopinger. Dutchess County. New York
II
immediately replace ships as a means of transportation, it provided reliable, year round service to and from New
York City. The map shows New Hamburg Road, and its intersection with Route 9D in Hughsonville, as well as the
intersection with Wheeler Hill Road. Wheeler Hill Road and River Road North are also shown on the map.
Although Carnwath Farms is reported to be occupied as early as 1850, the 1850 map does not show a structure in
that area. P. Ackerman owned a dwelling at the intersection of Old State Road and River Road North. (Photo 31) S.
Robinson and D. Brinkerhoff owned dwellings on the northwestern side of River Road North. (Photos 39-40)
Hughsonville at that time had a hotel, a church and a shop, as well as several dwellings. The alignment of New
Hamburg Road and the intersection with Wheeler Hill Road was changed in the mid-20th century, but in 1850 New
Hamburg Road made a sharp turn to the west of Wheeler Hill Road. On the north side of New Hamburg Road near
the intersection with Wheeler Hill Road was a dwelling owned by W. Hughson, that, based on its architectural style,
could date to the late 18th century or it may have been built in the early years of the 19th century. No dwellings are
shown on the north side of the road west of the W. Hughson house, nor are there any structures located in the
interior north of the New Hamburg Road, which in 1850 appears to have been vacant farm land.
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Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
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i 1
...
,
Map 6: J. E. Gillette's 1858 Map o.f Dutchess County, New York. Red line indicates preferred route. Yellow line
shows alternate route. Scale: 1"= 3120'.
By 1858, John E. Gillette's Map o.fDutchess County, New York shows that the Town of Wappinger had
continued to develop, with Hughsonville expanding along Route 9D north and south of the intersection with New
Hamburg Road. (Map 6) Although not identified as a hamlet or village area, another population center was
developing at the intersection of Route 9D and Middlebush Road, where numerous dwellings were located on both
sides of the highway. General Barclay was then the owner ofCarnwath Farms; his dwelling was located on the bank
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13
of the Hudson River. General Barclay also owned a structure at the intersection of Old State Road and River Road
North, formerly owned by P. Ackerman. Along River Road North, the Brinkerhoff and Robinson properties
remained unchanged. Along the northern portion of Wheeler Hill Road, J. Angel owned a dwelling on the east side
of the road, as did P. Van. The house at 103 New Hamburg Road, which had been owned W. Hughson, was now
owned by S. Hughson, while the house on the south side of the road that had been owned by W. Hughson was now
owned by 1. Hughson. T. Winter owned a structure on the east side of Wheeler Hill Road, near its intersection with
New Hamburg Road. W. H. Frank and A. Vail owned a dwelling at the end of Deer Hill Lane, the current location
of the COSYM Congregation. (Photo 12)
It should be noted that there is a discrepancy between the information provided by the historic maps and the
historic research, which indicates that by 1850 the family of William Henry Willis owned Carnwath Farms, and that
the manor house had been built in that year. William Henry Willis, a retired hardware merchant from New York
City, and his wife, Lydia, had built Carnwath Farms in 1850, and reportedly sold that property in 1855 to purchase
the Obercreek Estate to the north. (NRNF 1991, Section 8:5) Carnwath Farms is within the Wheeler Hill Historic
District. While we have no map evidence confirming that the main house was built before 1850, the architectural
design of the Carnwath Farms manor house, which is in the Italian Villa style, suggests that it was built in the mid-
19th century. The house was extensively renovated in 1870. Historic research also indicates that Barclay did not
purchase the estate until 1863, at the close of the Civil War, but the 1858 Gillette map indicates that he owned the
property before the start of the war.
In 1870, Carnwath Farms was sold to Francis Robert Rives, who married General Barclay's daughter. He
added the east wing to the manor house, along with the servants' quarters and a large rear kitchen. At the that time,
the formal appearance was changed to a less formal look, preferred by late 19th century architects. In 1873, the
carriage house was built to house Mr. Rives horses. Years later, his son, Reginald Rives, built the finest stable of
harness and saddle horses in the county.
NYCDEPla/lb
CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
Phase I A Literature Review & Sensitivity Analvsis and Phase IB Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County. New York
14
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Map 8: 1891 F.W. Beers; Atlas of the Hudson River Valley from New York City to Troy. Red line indicates
preferred route. Yellow line shows alternate route. Scale: 1"= 1735'.
In general, the 1891 map is quite detailed, showing a number of nearby estates with the location of the main
house, outbuildings and driveways leading to them. Along River Road, the Brinkerhoff property had been sold to D.
Brown, while the Robinson property was still in the family. E. P. Wheeler owned land to the northeast ofCarnwath
Farms. Other estates along Wheeler Hill Road include: Eastover, Edgehill, the Leas, Elmhurst and Hillside. These
estates are included in the Wheeler Hill Historic District. Cobblestone Road is shown running through Carnwath
Farms. In the early 1900s the property, then known as Rives Hill, was purchased by a New York attorney named
NYCDEPlailb
CITY /SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
Phase 1 A Literature Review & Sensitivitv Analvsis and Phase 1 B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survev
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town of Wanninger. Dutchess County. New York
15
Untermeyer, who was famous for defending William "Boss" Tweed. In 1925, the Order of the Brothers of Hermits
purchased the property, building the Chapel in 1950 and the dormitory in 1958. In the 1980s the property was
purchased by Greystone Programs Inc. The Town of Wappinger purchased the property in 2000, renaming it
Carnwath Farms in 2003.
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Map 9: 1903 USGS Topographical Map. 15 Minute Series. Poughkeepsie Quadrangle. Yellow line
indicates alternate project route. Scale: 1"= 2600'.
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CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
Phase 1 A Literature Review & Sensitivitv Analvsis and Phase 1 B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Fanns. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County. New York
16
Map 10: 1943 USGS Topographical Map. 7.5 Minute series. Poughkeepsie Quadrangle. Red line indicates
preferred route. Yellow line shows alternate route. Scale: 1 "=2600'.
The final maps consulted for this report are the USGS topographical maps dating to 1903 and 1943. (Map 9
& 1 0) In 1903, the New Hamburg Road still followed the alignment shown on the earlier maps, with a sharp curve
to the northwest of the intersection with Wheeler Hill Road. On this map, Cobblestone Road through Carnwath
NYCDEPl a/1 b
CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
Phase 1 A Literature Review & Sensitivitv Analvsis and Phase 1 B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survev
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
17
Farms is shown as a fann lane. By 1943, New Hamburg Road had been realigned, and the relationship of New
Hamburg Road and Wheeler Road had changed to that seen today,
Additional Research Undertaken
As part of the research completed for the Phase 1 A, several surveys completed for sites in the general area
were consulted. In 2011, CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants completed a Phase 1A Literature Review
and Sensitivity Analysis for the Obercreek LP Subdivision, located along New Hamburg Road. In 2012,
CITY/SCAPE completed a Phase 1B archaeological survey of the proposed subdivision. The results of this report
are not yet available. In 2007, Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc. (BAA) had completed a survey of two
parcels owned by the Obercreek Estate (HHA 2007). The two non-contiguous parcels are located within the larger
243 acre Obercreek property.
In 2006, CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants conducted a Phase 1A Literature Review and
Sensitivity Analysis and a Phase 1B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey for the Onnater Parcel, located on
U. S. Route 9 northeast of the Obercreek project area (CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants 2006). The
Phase 1B survey did not identify any prehistoric or any significant historic resources, and no further work was
recommended.
In 2005, CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants conducted a Phase 1A Literature Review and
Sensitivity Analysis and a Phase 1B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey for the Crawford Estates site,
located along Route 9D in the of Wappinger, Dutchess County, New York (CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource
Consultants 2005). The Phase 1A report identified the potential for prehistoric material. The Phase 1B
comprehensively tested the 48 acre parcel, but no cultural material of any kind was identified.
In 2004, CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants conducted a Stage 1 Cultural Resource Survey for
the D'Agostino Subdivision, which is located on Route 9D in the Town of Wappinger, Dutchess County, New York
(CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants 2004). The Stage 1A report identified the potential for prehistoric
cultural material, and recommended Stage 1B testing. The Stage 1B comprehensively tested the 63.3 acre parcel
with a total of 361 shovel test pits. No cultural material was identified, and no further work was recommended.
In 1983, the Public Archaeological Facility (PAF) conducted a Stage 1B survey for the Tri-Municipal
Sewer Improvement Area in the Town of Wappinger, Dutchess County, New York (NYSM 1983). The Stage 1B
testing in the Bowdoin Park area identified intact cultural material (cited in HAA 2007:5). As noted above,
Bowdoin Park is the location of reported prehistoric archaeological resources. In the same year, the New York State
Museum (NYSM) completed Phase 1 testing on County Route 91 where it crosses Wappinger Creek (cited in HHA
2007:5). No intact cultural material was recovered, and no further work was recommended.
In 1981, PAF (then located at RPI, but now at Binghamton University) conducted a Stage 1B survey of the
proposed Tri-Municipal Sewer Improvement Area in Dutchess County, New York (cited in HAA 2007:5). The
Stage 1B identified 46 cultural resources within the proposed sewer corridor. P AF found that a number of
prehistoric sites appeared to have been destroyed between the initial Stage 1A survey and the Stage 1 B testing, but
that the historic sites reported in the Stage 1A were generally intact: these included the Hunter's Creek Mill site
(A0271 9.000026) and the Hunter's Creek Foundation (A02719.000027).
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CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
Phase 1 A Literature Review & Sensitivitv Analvsis and Phase 1 B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survev
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County, New York
18
In addition to the reports referenced above, there are published articles and unpublished reports that discuss
the prehistoric cultural resources identified in Bowdoin Park, which is located a short distance north of the project
area. These sites include two rockshelters (Funk 1989), the Tamarack Site (Vargo 1986), and the Riverview Site
(Roberg-Lopez 1998). The findings from these sites, which have been discussed above, include prehistoric cultural
material dating from the Transitional period through the Contact period, indicating long-term and repeated use of the
broad, level benches overlooking the Hudson River. The reports referred to here and above are fully referenced in
the bibliography.
Sensitivity Assessment and Site Prediction
An investigation of the area in and around the NYCDEP Waterline Extensio~ project corridor indicates that
a number of professionally identified and anecdotally reported prehistoric sites exist within a one mile (1.6 Ian)
radius of the project area. Among them are the Bowdoin Park North and South Rockshelters, the Tamarack Site and
the Riverview Site. As stated above, these sites exist in a topographical and ecological zone that is virtually
identical to that in which the NYCDEP Waterline Extension project corridor will be located. It is the assessment of
CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants that the potential for NYCDEP Waterline Extension project corridor
to contain prehistoric cultural resources is high, particularly in areas that have not been previously disturbed by road
construction. This includes portions of River Road North, Camwath Farms and Wheeler Hill Road. Over the past
150 years, portions of Camwath Farms have experienced episodes of disturbance, but the potential for the
undisturbed portions to contain prehistoric cultural material must be considered to be high. County Route 28 and
US Route 9 have been significantly impacted by commercial construction, and neither area is considered to have the
potential to contain intact prehistoric resources.
With respect to the potential for historic cultural resources, map research indicate~ that there are dwellings
located along River Road North and Wheeler Hill Road that date to as early as 1680 (600-605 Wheeler Hill Road)
(Dutchess County Parcel Access) and along River Road North to as early as 1800 (225 River Road North). The
structures are set back from the road, making the potential for historic cultural resources within the proposed project
corridor moderate to low. Within Camwath Farms, much of the area around the manor house and convent has been
disturbed due to additional construction undertaken during the 20th century. The landscaped areas of the Camwath
Farms property appear to be undisturbed, and it is considered that these areas have a high potential to contain
prehistoric and lor historic cultural resources.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Based on the site visit and historic and map research, it is the conclusion ofCITY/SCAPE: Cultural
Resource Consultants that portions of the NYCDEP Waterline Extension project corridor have a high potential to
yield cultural material. The reasons for this are that numerous prehistoric resources have been identified in virtually
identical topographical and ecological zones a short distance to the north in Bowdoin Park. Prehistoric
archaeological resources have also been identified in other area in the vicinity of the proposed project. Conversely
much of the proposed project area has been impacted by road construction; these areas have a moderate to low
potential to contain intact cultural resources. Taking the level of sensitivity into consideration, it is recommended
that a Phase IB Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey be completed for those portions of the NYCDEP
NYCDEPla/lb
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Phase 1 A Literature Review & Sensitivity Analvsis and Phase 1 B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survev
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Carnwath Farms, Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County, New York
19
Waterline Extension project corridor that "do not fall within the edge of the pavement and the far edge of an existing
ditch"(OPRHP letter dated 2-21-2012). This would include the front lawns of house lots, and portions ofCamwath
Farms. It is recommended that sample excavations (shovel tests) of portions ofCamwath Farm that have not been
previously disturbed.
With respect to historic cultural resources, while it is possible that there is historic cultural material
associated with the early houses along Wheeler Hill Road and River Road North, the overall historic archaeological
potential is considered to be moderate.
Based on the information presented in the Phase lA report, it is recommended that a Phase IB
Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey and photo documentation be completed for those areas located within
the NYCDEP Waterline Extension project corridor to rule out the presence of prehistoric and historic cultural
resources and to document the level of disturbance within the project corridor.
NYCDEP1a/1b
CITY ISCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
Phase IB Introduction
In August 2012, CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants completed a field reconnaissance level
archaeological survey of the NYCDEP Waterline Extension project corridor in the Town of Wappinger, Dutchess
County, New York. (See Maps 1 & 2)
Archaeological fieldwork was supervised by Stephanie Roberg-Lopez, M.A., R.P.A., Principal
Investigator. Field excavations were supervised by Kris Mierisch. Field crew members included Franco Zani, Jr,
and Kris Mierisch. The final report was written by Beth Selig, under the supervision of Stephanie Roberg-Lopez.
The Field Reconnaissance Map, shovel test records, field photographs and final report production were completed
by Beth Selig.
Project Area
The proposed project is a linear corridor extending :1:20,000' from the New York City Delaware Water
Supply Building on River Road North, north and northeast through Carnwath Farms, to Wheeler Hill Road, east on
County Route 28 to US Route 9. Alternatively, the route might follow Wheeler Hill Road, along Old State Road,
connecting to River Road North; this would avoid impacts to Camwath Farms, a conservation area.
Methodology
Results of the Phase 1A Literature Review and Sensitivity Analysis confirmed that the NYCDEP Waterline
Extension project corridor was located in an area of prehistoric and historic activity. As discussed in the Phase 1A
portion of the report, there are professionally excavated prehistoric sites located along the Hudson River a short
distance to the northwest of the project area. While the project corridor is located in an area that experienced
significant activity during the 18th and 19th century, there are no Map Documented Structures (MDS) within or
immediately adjacent to the project corridor. The testing strategy was, therefore, structured around the knowledge
that significant areas within the project corridor contained ground disturbance associated with the construction of the
existing roadways, residences and driveways, as well as subsurface infrastructure. (Photos 1-6,26-27 & 35)
Areas selected for subsurface testing were identified during a comprehensive walkover of the NYCDEP
Waterline Extension corridor, which is bordered by a residential neighborhood and county park. (Photos 13 & 19)
Determination of the sensitivity of the various areas was based upon environmental factors, topography, and known
activity patterns of the prehistoric population. Due to the level of prior disturbance, the areas selected for shovel
testing were entirely within the boundaries ofCarnwath Farms, including the locations of the proposed water shut-
off valves. The locations of the shovel tests and disturbed areas were recorded on a large-scale map that shows
surveyed borders, structure locations and the proposed undertaking. (Fig. 3 Field Reconnaissance Map) Areas of
prior disturbance outside Carnwath Farms, including areas covered with asphalt and concrete, were excluded from
testing. (Photos 1-6, 32-35) These areas included the proposed project corridor along Old Hopewell Road, Wheeler
Hill Road and River Road North.
NYCDEPI all b
CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
Phase J A Literature Review & Sensitivity Analvsis and Phase J 8 Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survev
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
21
Field Methodology
Field methodology employed in the NYCDEP Waterline Extension corridor consisted of several stages of
investigation. These included:
1. A walkover and visual inspection of the site to assess areas of potential sensitivity for prehistoric
cultural remains.
2. The excavation of a stratigraphic control test to establish the stratigraphy of the site and to identify
the depth and composition of the sterile glacially deposited subsoil.
3. Systematic visual inspection of the land surface to rule out the presence ofrock faces and
overhangs.
4. Shovel testing in the areas identified as having a potential sensitivity for prehistoric remains, and
could not be plowed.
5. Photographic documentation of the overall site.
The methodology for shovel testing in the sensitive areas involved excavating 40-cm (16 in) diameter shovel tests at
50' (15.24 m) intervals. Soils were passed through a V. inch (0.6 cm) steel mesh screen and the materials remaining
in the screens were carefully examined for historic and prehistoric artifacts. Items recovered from the screens were
assigned to the stratum from which they were obtained. The stratigraphy of each test was recorded, including the
depth and the soil description of each layer. (Appendix D: Shovel Test Record)
Field Results
Once a testing strategy had been established and areas unsuitable for testing were eliminated from the
survey, potentially sensitive areas were systematically shovel tested. A total of sixty-four (64) shovel tests
comprehensively tested the site, confirming subsurface disturbance within portions of the proposed project corridor.
As stated above, the shovel test locations and areas of prior disturbance were noted on the Phase IB Field
Reconnaissance Map.
Testing commenced at the south end of the proposed route through Camwath Farms. Shovel tests were
placed at the location of proposed water shut off valves within Camwath Farms, and at 50' (15 m) intervals along
the corridor within Camwath Farms. (Photo 24) The shovel tests encountered dark yellowish brown silty sandy
loam overlying yellowish brown sandy rocky clay. Artifacts recovered consisted of modem nails, window glass and
bottle glass. No prehistoric or historic cultural material of any kind was recovered.
The field crew completed a pedestrian reconnaissance of the remaining segments of the proposed project
corridor, within included Wheeler Hill Road, Old Hopewell and River Road North, to determine if there were any
other locations that contained intact soils. The soils outside of Camwath Farms were, without exception, identified
as rocky fill.
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CITY /SC APE: Cultural Resource Consultants
Phase I A Literature Review & Sensitivity Analvsis and Phase I B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survev
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaopinger. Dutchess County. New York
22
Summary and Conclusions
A Phase IB Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey was completed within the NYCDEP Waterline
Extension corridor, Town of Wappinger, Dutchess County, New York. The research completed as part of the Phase
IA Literature Review and Sensitivity Analysis indicated that the project corridor is located within an area of
prehistoric and historic activity.
A total of sixty-four (64) shovel tests were excavated within Camwath Farms, the only area within the
proposed corridor that contained intact and undisturbed soils. No prehistoric or historic artifacts of any kind were
recovered from the shovel tests on Camwath Farms. No intact or undisturbed soil strata were identified along
Wheeler Hill Road, Old Hopewell or River Road North. The disturbed areas were photographed and indicated on
the field reconnaissance map.
Based on these results, it is the opinion ofCITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants that the NYCDEP
Waterline Extension corridor contains no significant cultural resources, and that the project should be permitted to
proceed without further consideration of archaeological resources.
NYCDEPlalIb
CITY/SCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
Phase I A Literature Review & Sensitivity Analvsis and Phase I B Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survev
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
23
Bibliography
Beers, F. W.
1891 Atlas of the Hudson River Valley From New York City to Troy, Including a Section of about 8 Miles in
Width. Watson & Co.: New York.
Burr, David H., Surveyor General of the State of New York
1829 Atlas of the State of New York. Stone & Clark: New York.
CITY ISCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
2012 Phase IB Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey. Obercreek LP Subdivision Site. New Hamburg
Road. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County, New York.
2011a Phase IA Literature Review and Sensitivity Analysis. Obercreek LP Subdivision Site. Nev.' Hamburg
Road. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County, New York.
2011 b Phase IA Literature Review and Sensitivity Analysis and Phase IB Archaeological Field Reconnaissance
Survey. Route 9D Professional Plaza. Route 9D near intersection with Route 9. Town of Poughkeepsie.
Dutchess County, New York.
2006 Phase IA Literature Review and Sensitivity Analysis and Phase IB Archaeological Field Reconnaissance
Survey. Ormater Parcel. U. S. Route 9, Main Street and Remsen Avenue. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess
County, New York.
2004 Stage I Cultural Resource Report. D 'Agostino Subdivision. Route 9D. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess
County, Nev.' York.
Eisenberg, Leonard
1978 Paleo-Indian Settlement Pattern in the Hudson and Delaware River Drainages. Occasional Publications in
Northeastern Anthropology. Franklin Pierce College: Rindge, NH.
Funk, Robert
1989 "Some Contributions of Archaeology to the Study of Cave and Rockshelter Sediments: Examples from
Eastern New York". Man in the Northeast 37: 35-71.
1978 Recent Contributions to Hudson Valley Prehistory." New York State Museum Memoir 22: Albany, NY.
Gillette. John R.
] 858 Map of Dutchess County, New York. John E. Gillette: Philadelphia, P A.
Gray, O. W. & Son
1876 New Illustrated Atlas of Dutchess County, New York. Reading Publishing House: Reading, P A.
Guillet. Gail T.
2000 Prehistoric Ceramic Sites in Dutchess County, New York. Prepared for New York University
Anthropology Department.
Hartgen Archaeological Associates, Inc. (HHA)
2007 Phase IA Literature Reviev.' and Sensitivity Assessment. Obercreek. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess
County, Nev.' York.
Kuchler, August W.
]964 Potential Natural Vegetation of the Conterminus United States. American Geographical Society, New
York.
Livingston, Henry
] 798 Town ofFishkill in Dutchess County.
New York Archaeological Council (NYAC)
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NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Camwath Farms, Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
24
1994 Standards for Cultural Resource Investigations and the Curation of Archaeological Collections in New
York State. NY AC, n.p.
New York State Museum (NYSM)
1983 Cultural Resources Survey Report. BIN 3-34398-0, CR 91 over creek. Town of Wappinger, Dutchess
County, New York.
Parker, Arthur C.
1922 "The Archaeological History of New York." New York State Museum Bulletin. The University of the State
of New York: Albany, NY.
Public Archaeology Facility (P AF)
1981 a State lA Archaeological and Historical Survey; Proposed Interceptor System for the Tri-Municipal Sewer
Improvement Area, Dutchess County, New York.
1981 b Additional State lA Archaeological Survey: Four Locations of the Tri-Municipal Sewer Improvement Area,
Dutchess County, New York.
Ritchie, William A.
1958 An Introduction to Hudson Valley Prehistory. New York State Museum Bulletin 367. Albany, NY.
1980 The Archaeology of New York State. Harbor Hill Books: Harrison, NY. [Revised edition]
Ritchie, William A. & Robert Funk.
1973 "Aboriginal Settlement Patterns in the Northeast." New York State Museum and Science Service Memoir
20. Albany, NY
Roberg-Lopez, MA, RP A, Stephanie
1998 Stage IB Archaeological Survey. Riverview DCC I Site. Bowdoin Park, Town of Poughkeepsie, Dutchess
County, New York. (Report in progress)
Roberts, Edith A. & Helen Wilkinson Reynolds
1938 The Role of Plant Life in the History of Dutchess County. Poughkeepsie, NY.
Salwen, Bert
1975 Post-glacial Environments and Cultural Change in the Hudson River Basin. Man in the Northeast 10:43-
70.
Sauthier, Charles Joseph
1799 A Chorographical Map of the Province of New York in North America. William Faden: London.
Sidney, J. C.
1850 Map of Dutchess County, New York. John E. Gillette: Philadelphia, PA.
Smith, James H.
1882 A History of Dutchess County, New York. Mason & Co.: Syracuse, NY.
Salomon, Julian H.
1983 Munsee and Mahican: Indians of Dutchess County. Dutchess County Historical Society Yearbook: 68.
Poughkeepsie: NY.
United States Department of Agriculture (Forest Service)
2006 Potential Natural Vegetation Groups, Version 2000.
http://www . fs. fed.lls/tlre/fuelman/pnv2000/maos/pnv2000. ipg (May)
United States Department of the Interior (USDI)
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NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Camwath Farms, Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9.
Town of WaD Dinger. Dutchess County, New York
25
1991 National Register Nomination Form. Wheeler Hill Historic District, NRIS Reference Number 91000678.
1985 National Register Bulletin # 24: Technical Information on Comprehensive Planning, Survey of Cultural
Resources, and Registration in the National Register of Historic Places. Reprint. National Park Service,
Interagency Resources Division. Washington, D.C.
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
1981 Wappinger Falls 7.5' Topographical Quadrangle, New York. Originally published 1956.
1946 Poughkeepsie 15' Minute Quadrangle New York. Originally published 1943.
1903 Poughkeepsie 15' Minute Quadrangle New York.
Vargo, Jack & Donna
1986 Preliminary Results of Archaeological Investigations Conducted at the Multi-Component Tamarack Site.
Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Connecticut 49: 1-18.
1983 The Rabuilt Cave Site, The Bulletin and Journal of the Archaeology of New
York State 87:13-39.
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Photographs
Appendix B: Soil Description and Map
Appendix C: Shovel Test Records
CITY ISCAPE: Cultural Resource Consultants
APPENDIX A
PHOTOGRAPHS
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
Photo 1: Eastern end of proposed waterline begins at intersection Old Hopewell Road (County Route 28) and
US Route 9. View to south.
Photo 2: In this area, Route 9 is bordered by commercial properties. View to northeast.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
Photo 3: Looking east across US Route 9 to extension of Old Hopewell Road.
Photo 4: Old Hopewell Road east of Route 9D. View to east.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
Photo 5: Old Hopewell Road is bordered by wooded land and dwellings dating to 20th century. View to east.
Ii
Photo 6: Proposed waterline crosses intersection of Route 9D and Old Hopewell Road. View to east.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Camwath Farms, Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town ofWapping:er. Dutchess County, New York
Photo 7: 19th century building converted to office building located intersection of Old Hopewell Road and Route
9D. View to east
Photo 8: West of intersection with Route 9 Old Hopewell Road becomes New Hamburg Road. View to east.
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Aooendix A: Photograohs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Camwath Farms, Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town ofWapoinger. Dutchess County. New York
Photo 9: Proposed waterline continues along New Hamburg Road to Wheeler Hill Road. View to west.
Photo 10: View southeast along Wheeler Hill Road.
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Photo 11: Land bordering Wheeler Hill Road is wooded. With few exceptions, houses are not visible from road.
House that are visible date to late 20th and 21 5t century. View to southeast.
Photo 12: Older dwellings on Wheeler Hill Road are not visible from road. View to southeast of Deer Hill Road.
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ApDendix A: PhotograDhs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms, Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of WaD Dinger. Dutchess County. New York
Photo 13: Dwellings along Bowdoin Lane date to late 20th century. View to east.
Photo 14: 580 Wheeler Hill Road. Along Wheeler Hill Road house are set well back from road. View to west.
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Photo 15: Looking south along Wheeler Hill Road from point north of Cobblestone Road. .
Photo 16: Troy Road is a private road running between two sections of Wheeler Hill Road. View to southwest.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
Photo 17: Dwelling located at north end of Camwath Farms. View to west.
Photo 18: 691 Wheeler Hill Road. Modern house is one offew that can be seen from road. Looking east.
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Photo 19: Preferred route of proposed water line would extend through Carnwath Farms. View to west.
Photo 20: On Carnwath Farms property, proposed location of water line was staked and flagged prior to beginning
of Phase IB Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey. View to south.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
Photo 21: One of several modern buildings located on Carnwath Farms is chapel built in 1950 by Order of the
Brothers of Hermits. View to south.
Photo 22: Built as a convent in 1958, building is now Frances Reese Cultural Center.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
Photo 23: Highest point of proposed water line. Hudson River is seen beyond trees. View to southwest.
Photo 24: Field crew excavated shovel tests along proposed water line corridor. View to north.
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Aooendix A: Photograohs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
Photo 25: Former convent buildings are separated from open fields by tree line. View to east.
Photo 26: Concrete manhole covers indicate buried infrastructure exists within Carnwath Farms. View to
northeast.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
Photo 27: Proposed water line will exit on south side of Carnwath Farms along route of gas line and beneath power
lines. View to south.
Photo 28: Alternate route for proposed water line would run along edge of Wheeler Hill Road outside Carnwath
Farms. View to southeast.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
Photo 29: View of Hudson River from top of Wheeler Hill. View to west.
Photo 30: Alternate route for water line would run along a portion of Old State Road. View to south.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
Photo 31: Alternate route would extend along portion of Old State Road to River Road North. View south.
Photo 32: River Road North is bordered on both sides by residential properties. View to southwest.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County. New York
Photo 33: Modem dwellings on Wheeler Hill Road are interspersed with buildings dating from late 18th century
through early 20th century. View south.
Photo 34: Another view along River Road North as it descends to Hudson River from Wheeler Hill. View to
southwest.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
Photo 35: Power plant located on west side of River Road North. View to west.
Photo 36: River Road North runs past City of New York Delaware Water Supply building to Hudson River. View
to west.
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Appendix A: Photographs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New Yark
Photo 37: Proposed water line terminates at City of New York Delaware Water Supply building. View to
northwest.
Photo 38: City of New York Delaware Water Supply building. View to northeast.
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Appendix A: Photograohs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town ofWaooinger. Dutchess County, New York
Photo 39: 225 River Road. Property records indicate house was built in 1800 and renovated in 1990. View to
northwest.
Photo 40: 271 River Road North. Property records indicate house was built in 1835 and renovated in 1926. View
to northwest.
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Photo 41 :580-584 Wheeler Hill Road. Dwelling is set back and not visible from road. Property records indicate
house was built in 1863. View to northwest.
Photo 42: 352 River Road. Property records indicate house was built in 1871. View to northwest.
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Appendix A: PhotograDhs
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to US Route 9.
Town of WaD Dinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
Photo 43: 600-604 Wheeler Hill Road. House is set back and not visible from road. Property records indicate
house was built in 1863. View to northwest.
Photo 44: 700 Wheeler Hill Road. Property records indicate house, which is not visible from road, was
built in 1820. View to northwest.
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Appendix B: Soil Descriptions
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Carnwarth Farm Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County, New York
Texture/ Slope
Name Soil Horizon Depth Inclusions (Percent) Drainage Landform
Bemardston silt loam Surface: 0-8" (0-20 cm) Silt Loam 8 to 15% Well Drained Drumlinoid ridges, hills,
(BeC) Subsoil: 8-27" (20-68 cm) Silt Loam till plains (Shoulder)
Substratum: 27-80" (72-219 cm) Silt Loam
Bernardston silt loam Surface: 0-8" (0-20 cm) Silt Loam 15 to 25% Well Drained Drumlinoid ridges, hills,
(BeD) Subsoil: 8-27" (20-68 cm) Silt Loam till plains (Backslope)
Substratum: 27-80" (72-200 cm) Silt Loam
Canandaigua Silt Surface: 8" (20 cm) Silt Loam o to 1% Poorly Drained Depressions (Toeslope)
Loam (Ca) Subsoil: 35": (86 cm) Silt Loam
Substratum: 60"(150 cm) Silt Loam
Dutchess-Cardigan Surface: 0-8" (0-20 cm) Silt Loam 1 to 6% Well Drained Hill, Ridges
Complex (DWB) Subsoil: 8-28" (20-70 cm) Silt Loam
Dutchess Substratum: 28-86" (70-2] 9 cm) Channery Silt Loam
Cardigan Surface: 0-8" (0-20 cm) Channery Silt Loam
Subsoil: 8-20" (20-50 cm) Channery Loam
Subsoil: 20-30"(50-77cm) Channery Silt Loam
Substratum: 30-34" (77-87 cm) Unweathered Bedrock
Haven loam, nearly Surface: 0-12" (0-30 cm) Loam 0-3% Well drained Outwash Plains
level (HeA) Subsoil: 12-23" (30- 58 cm) Gravelly loam
Substratum: 23-72" (58-182.8 cm) Stratified very gravelly sand
Hoosic gravelly loam, Surface: 0-9" (0-23 cm) Gravelly loam 1-6% Somewhat excessively Deltas, Outwash Plains,
undulating (HsB) Subsoil: 9-24" (23-60 cm) Very gravelly sandy loam drained Terraces
Substratum: 24-70" (60-180 cm) Extremely gravelly loamy sand
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Appendix B: Soil Descriptions
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North, Carnwarth Farm, Wheeler Hill Road & CR 28 to Route 9. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County, New York
Texture/ Slope
Name Soil Horizon Depth Inclusions (Percent) Drainage Landform
Kingsbury and Surface: 0-14" (0-20 cm) Silty Clay Loam o to 3% Somewhat poorly Lake Plains
Rhinebeck Soils (Kn) Subsoil: 14-38" (20-68 cm) Clay drained
Kingsbury Substratum: 38-72" (72-200 cm) Silty Clay Loam
Rhinebeck Surface: 0-9" (0-20 em) Silt Loam
Subsoil: 9-31" (20-68 cm) Silty Clay Loam
Substratum: 31-72" (72-200 cm) Silt Loam
Knickerbocker fine Surface: 0-10" (0-30 cm) Fine Sandy Loam 2 to 6% Somewhat excessively Deltas and Terraces
sandy Subsoil: 10-19" (30-40 cm) Sandy Loam drained
loam,undulating Substratum: 19-30" (40-60 cm) Loamy Sand
(KrB) Terminus: 30"-72"(40-183 cm) Loamy Sand
Nassau-Cardigan Surface: 0-5" (0-15 cm) Silt Loam 8 to 15% Well Drained Benches ridges till plains
Complex (NwC) Subsoil: 5-16" (15-40 cm) Channery Silt Loam (Backslope)
Nassau Substratum: 16-20" (40-50 cm) Unweathered bedrock
Cardigan Surface: 0-8" (0-20 em) Channery Silt Loam
Subsoil: 8-20" (20-50 cm) Channery Loam
Subsoil: 20-30"(50-77cm) Channery Silt Loam
Substratum: 30-34" (77-87 em) Unweathered Bedrock
Urban Land (Ur) Surface: 0-6" (0-15 cm) Made lands Varies Varies Made Lands
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APPENDIX C
SHOVEL TEST RECORDS
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Appendix C: Shovel Test Record
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Camwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road CR 28 to Route 9. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
Transect STP Level Depth (in) Depth (cm) Munsell Soil Description Cultural Material
TRl I I - - - Not Excavated: graded rock bed
2 I 0-13 0-33 IOYR3/4 Brown silty sandy loam NCM
2 13-18 33-48 10YR5/6 Yellowish brown silty sandy clay nail, brick, glass
, I 0-6 0-15 10YR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam NCM
.1
2 6-]4 15-35 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
4 1 0-12 0-30 10YR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam NCM
2 12-18 30-45 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
5 I 0-13 0-33 IOYR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam NCM
2 13-19 33-49 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
6 I - - - No excavated: Slope greater than 15%
7 I 0-14 0-35 IOYR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam NCM
2 14-16 35-40 10YR5/3 Grayish brown sandy clay NCM
8 I 0-6 0-15 lOYR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam bone, nail, glass
7 2 6-10 15-25 10YR5/3 Grayish brown sandy clay
9 I 0-3 0-5 10YR3/4 Brown silty sandy loam NCM
2 3-12 8-30 10YR5/6 Yellowish brown silty sandy clay NCM
10 1 0-4 0-10 10YR4/6 & Brownish yellow mottled fill, terminated at rock NCM
'^'TT> ~U'
11 I - - - Not Excavated: graded rock bed NCM
12 I 0-10 0-25 IOYR3/4 Brown silty sandy loam NCM
2 10-17 25-43 IOYR5/6 Yellowish brown silty sandy clay NCM
13 1 0-2 0-5 IOYR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam NCM
2 2-6 5-15 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
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Appendix C: Shovel Test Rccord
NYCDEP Watcrline Extension. Rivcr Road North. Carnwath Farms. Whcelcr Hill Road CR 28 to Route 9. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
2
Transect STP Level Depth (in) Depth (cm) Munsell Soil Description Cultural Material
14 I 0-12 0-30 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 12-24 30-60 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
15 1 0-8 0-20 IOYR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam NCM
2 8-12 20-30 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
16 I 0-10 0-25 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 10-20 25-50 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
17 1 0-7 0-18 IOYR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam NCM
2 7-24 18-60 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
18 1 0-11 0-28 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 11-22 28-55 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
20 I 0-8 0-20 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 8-20 20-50 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
21 I 0-14 0-35 IOYR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam NCM
2 14-20 35-50 lOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
22 I 0-12 0-30 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 12-20 30-50 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
23 I 0-12 0-30 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 12-22 30-55 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam NCM
24 I 0-11 0-28 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 11-23 28-57 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
25 I 0-16 0-40 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 16-22 40-65 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam NCM
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Appendix C: Shovel Test Record
NYCDEP Watcrlinc Extcnsion. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road CR 28 to Route 9. Town OfWalJDinger. Dutchess County. New York
3
Transect STP Level Depth (in) Depth (cm) Munsell Soil Description Cultural Material
26 I 0-8 0-20 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 8-18 20-45 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
27 I 0-9 0-23 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 9-15 23-38 10YR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam NCM
28 I 0-10 0-25 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 10-18 25-45 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
?9 I 0-8 0-20 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 8-14 20-35 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam NCM
30 I 0-6 0-15 10YR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam NCM
2 6-12 15-30 10YR5/3 Grayish brown sandy clay NCM
31 I 0-10 0-25 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 10-18 25-45 10YR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam NCM
32 1 0-10 0-25 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 10-18 25-45 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
33 I 0-10 0-25 lOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 10-18 25-45 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam NCM
34 1 0-7 0-18 IOYR4/4 Dark yellowish brown sandy loam NCM
2 7-13 18-33 10YR5/3 Grayish brown sandy clay NCM
35 I 0-7 0-18 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 7-17 18-43 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
36 I 0-10 0-25 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 10-19 25-48 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
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Appcndix C: Shovcl Tcst Record
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Whecler Hill Road CR 28 to Routc 9. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess Countv. New York
4
Transect STP Level Depth (in) Depth (cm) Munsell Soil Description Cultural Material
37 I 0-9 0-23 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 9-18 23-45 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
38 1 0-10 0-25 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 10-12 25-30 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
39 I 0-12 0-30 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 12-24 30-60 10YR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
40 1 0-12 0-30 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 12-20 30-50 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
41 1 0-10 0-25 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 10-17 25-43 10YR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
42 I 0-11 0-28 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 11-21 28-53 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
43 I 0-14 0-35 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 14-20 35-50 10YR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
44 1 0-11 0-28 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 11-19 28-49 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
45 1 0-12 0-30 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 12-18 30-48 10YR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
46 I 0-10 0-25 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 10-18 25-45 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
47 I 0- I I 0-28 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
'1 11-19 28-49 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
k
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Appcndix C: Shovel Test Record
NYCDEP Watcrlinc Extcnsion. River Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler Hill Road CR 28 to Route 9. Town of Wappinger. Dutchess County. New York
5
Transect STP Level Depth (in) Depth (cm) Munsell Soil Description Cultural Material
48 1 0-12 0-30 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 12-20 30-50 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
49 I 0-6 0-15 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 6-18 15-48 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
50 I 0-6 0-15 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 6-12 15-30 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
51 I 0-7 0-18 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 7-18 18-45 10YR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
52 1 0-7 0-18 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 7-15 18-38 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
53 I 0-6 0-15 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 6-15 15-38 10YR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
54 I 0-12 0-30 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 12-18 30-48 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
55 I 0-7 0-18 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 7-18 18-45 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
56 1 0-6 0-15 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 6-12 15-30 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
57 1 0-5 0-13 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 5-19 13-49 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
58 1 0-7 0-18 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 7-15 18-38 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
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Appcndix C: Shovel Test Rccord
NYCDEP Waterline Extension. Riyer Road North. Carnwath Farms. Wheeler HilrRoad CR 28 to Route 9. Town ofWappingcr. Dutchcss County, New York
6
Transect STP Level Depth (in) Depth (cm) Munsell Soil Description Cultural Material
59 I 0-7 0-18 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 7-20 18-50 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
60 I 0-12 0-30 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 12-15 30-38 10YR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
61 I 0-8 0-20 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 8-18 20-45 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
62 I 0-8 0-20 IOYR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel NCM
2 8-15 20-38 IOYR5/8 Brownish yellow silty sandy clay NCM
63 I 0-6 0-15 10YR4/3 Dark brown silty loam with gravel 2 nails, bottle glass
2 6-14 15-35 IOYR4/6 Dark yellowish brown silty clay loam with gravel NCM
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